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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 232-087-8 | CAS number: 7785-70-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1989
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- Study conducted similarly to OECD guideline 203 but without GLP compliance and with minor deviations (no data on acclimation period). The report is sufficiently well documented.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- No data on acclimation period
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 0, 130, 260, 390, 520 and 650 μg/L
- Sampling time: 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours - Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Test solutions was provided as liquid/liquid saturation units by adding excess of test chemical in 14 L of Lake Superior water
- Controls: Dilution water
- Chemical name of vehicle: water
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium: Stock (650 µg/L liq-liq equil.) - Test organisms (species):
- Pimephales promelas
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Fathead minnows
- Source: ERL-Duluth, USA
- Age at study initiation: 30 days
- Length at study initiation: 20.9 mm (SD=2.2)
- Weight at study initiation: 128 mg (SD=35) - Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- None
- Hardness:
- 45.2 mg CaCO3/L (SD=0.3)
- Test temperature:
- 25.2ºC (SD=0.2)
- pH:
- 7.7 (SD=0.2)
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 6.7 mg O2/L (SD=0.7)
- Salinity:
- 42.2 mg CaCO3/L (SD=0.9)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 0, 130, 260, 390, 520 and 650 μg/L
Average measured concentrations: <31, 58, 140, 229, 303 and 424 μg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Six crystallizing dishes were used as test chambers in the electronic diluter with tank volumes of 200 mL; test solution depth: 4-5 cm
- Type (delete if not applicable): Closed
- Type of flow-through: Electronic diluter
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): Flow rates of 21 mL/min to each tank produced toxicant concentrations of 58-424 μg/L
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): One
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): One
- Biomass loading rate: 6.4 g/L
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source of dilution water: Lake Superior water
- Preparation of dilution water: Water was passed through sand filters, ultraviolet sterilizers and 55 µm fibre filter. Test waters were then aerated and heated at 25 ± 1 °C
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Tank temperatures (ºC), dissolved oxygen (mg/L) and pH were measured daily in each of the test chambers where test organisms were still alive
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 hour/day light cycle; cool white fluorescent light
- Light intensity: 12-28 lumens
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable):
- Behavior and morphological aberrations were observed at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 280 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 259-303 μg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 179 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: Affected fish swam near the tank bottom, were hypoactive and underreactive to external stimuli, exhibited hemorrhaging and lost equilibrium prior to death.
- Mortality (96 hour) at <31, 58, 140, 229, 303 and 424 μg/L (measured) were 0, 0, 0, 0, 80 and 100%, respectively.
- Effect (96 hour) at <31, 58, 140, 229, 303 and 424 μg/L μg/L (measured) were observed in 0/10, 0/10, 0/10, 10/10, 10/10 and 10/10 fish respectively.
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: Measured concentrations were lower than nominal concentrations due to volatility. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- - LC50 or EC50 values were calculated using the corrected average of the analyzed tank concentrations and the Trimmed Spearman-Karber Method (Hamilton et al., 1977).
- Mean toxicant concentrations used in the calculations were corrected for analytical spike recoveries - Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Table 1: Mortalities
Hour
Control (0 µg/L)
A (130 µg/L)
B (260 µg/L)
C (390 µg/L)
D (520 µg/L)
E (650 µg/L)
Initial
10
10
9
10
10
10
24
0
0
0
0
7
8
48
0
0
0
0
8
10
72
0
0
0
0
8
10
96
0
0
0
0
8
10
Table 2: Effects
Hour
Control (0 µg/L)
A (130 µg/L)
B (260 µg/L)
C (390 µg/L)
D (520 µg/L)
E (650 µg/L)
Initial
10
10
9
10
10
10
24
0
0
0
10
10
10
48
0
0
0
10
10
10
72
0
0
0
10
10
10
96
0
0
0
10
10
10
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- (mortality in control < 10%; flow-through test conditions; dissolved O2 concentration > 60% of air saturation value; results based on measured concentrations)
- Conclusions:
- The 96h-LC50 of d-alpha pinene to fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) was calculated to be 280 (259 -303) μg/L.
- Executive summary:
In an acute aquatic toxicity study performed similarly to OECD guideline 203, groups (10/dose) of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to d-alpha pinene at concentrations of <31, 58, 140, 229, 303 and 424 μg/L (measured) for 96 hours under flow-through conditions. Mortality, behaviour and morphological aberrations were observed at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. All validity criteria were fulfilled.Mortalities (96 hour) at <31, 58, 140, 229, 303 and 424 μg/L (measured) were 0, 0, 0, 0, 80 and 100%, respectively. Treatment-related effects (96 hour) at <31, 58, 140, 229, 303 and 424 μg/L (measured) were observed in 0/10, 0/10, 0/10, 10/10, 10/10 and 10/10 fish respectively. The 96 hour LC50, EC50 and NOEC of d-alpha pinene to fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) were calculated to be 280 (259 -303) μg/L, 179 μg/L and 140 μg/L, respectively.
Reference
Description of key information
Key study: Test method similar to OECD TG 203. The 96h-LC50 of d-alpha pinene to fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) was calculated to be 280 (259 -303) μg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 0.28 mg/L
Additional information
Key study: In an acute aquatic toxicity study performed similarly to OECD guideline 203, groups (10/dose) of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to d-alpha pinene at concentrations of <31, 58, 140, 229, 303 and 424 μg/L (measured) for 96 hours under flow-through conditions. Mortality, behaviour and morphological aberrations were observed at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. All validity criteria were fulfilled. Mortalities (96 hour) at <31, 58, 140, 229, 303 and 424 μg/L (measured) were 0, 0, 0, 0, 80 and 100%, respectively. Treatment-related effects (96 hour) at <31, 58, 140, 229, 303 and 424 μg/L (measured) were observed in 0/10, 0/10, 0/10, 10/10, 10/10 and 10/10 fish respectively. The 96 hour LC50, EC50 and NOEC of d-alpha pinene to fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) were calculated to be 280 (259 -303) μg/L, 179 μg/L and 140 μg/L, respectively.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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