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EC number: 442-450-4 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 25 - 28 Jun 2002
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- Test item dispersion was filtered through a membrane filter (0.45 µm) before testing.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Part I, 1984
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, Bern, Switzerland
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Additional flasks with adequate volumes of the freshly prepared test medium and the solvent control were incubated during the test period under the same conditions as in the actual test (but without daphnids). Sampling from the test beakers with daphnids was not possible because the test medium volumes (2 x 50 mL) were too small for the analytical requirements (1000 mL per sample).
- Concentrations: undiluted filtrate of the stock solution (only before test start), 0 (solvent control) and 10 mg/L
- Sampling method: Duplicate samples were taken before test start and after 48 hours
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Samples were deep-frozen (at about -20 °C) immediately after sampling. - Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: An undiluted filtrate of a supersaturated dispersion with the maximum concentration of dissolved test item was used. A stock solution was prepared at the start of the test by diluting 501 mg of the test item in 5 mL N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and ultrasonicating for 10 minutes. 450 µL were dosed into 4500 mL test water to obtain a loading rate of 10 mg/L. The dispersion was then stirred at room temperature over 96 hours. After stirring, the dispersion was filtered through a membrane filter (0.45 µm) just before test start.
- Controls: control: dilution water only, solvent control: dilution water and DMF
- Chemical name of vehicle: DMF
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium: stock solution: 100%, final test solutions: 100 µL/L, control: 0%, solvent control: 100 µL/L - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Strain/clone: defined from the supplier as clone 5
- Age at study initiation: 6-24 h (not first brood progeny)
- Source: originally supplied by the University of Sheffield, UK in 1992
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 250 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20 °C
- pH:
- 7.7 - 7.9
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.0 - 8.8 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentration: 0 (control), 0 (solvent control) and 10 mg/L
Measured concentrations: < LOD (control), < LOD (solvent control) and 1.86 µg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 100 mL beakers
- Type: covered with glass plates
- Material, headspace, fill volume: glass, 50 mL, 50 mL
- Volume of solution: 50 mL
- Aeration: no
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 2
- Biomass loading rate: < 1 daphnid/2 mL
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reconstituted water, composition: CaCI2 x 2H2O (294 mg/L), MgSO4 x 7H2O (123 mg/L), NaHCO3 (65 mg/L), KCl (5.8 mg/L)
- Alkalinity: 0.8 mmol/L
- Ca/Mg ratio: 4:1 (based on molarity)
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature at 0 and 48 hours
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16/8 h light/dark with a 30-minute transition period
- Light intensity: 550 - 690 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: immobility (after 24 and 48 h)
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate is tested at least once a year.
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- No adverse effect up to its solubility limit in the test water
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: No adverse effect up to its solubility limit in the test water
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1.9 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of control: 0%
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The latest result of the positive control test showed that the toxic performance was valid and within the historical range in the laboratory.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- For further, details, please refer to 'Any other information on results incl. tables'.
Reference
Table 1: Immobilization of daphnids
Nominal loading rate [mg/L] |
Immobilization [%] |
||||
24 hours |
48 hours |
||||
No |
% |
No |
% |
||
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Solvent control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
2.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
4.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
8.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
16.0 |
|
|
|
|
Table 2: Measured test item concentrations
Nominal concentration of the test item [µg/L] |
Sampling day / Age of sample (h) |
Measured concentration [µg/L] |
% of nominal concentration |
Average |
Stock solution |
||||
100000 |
0 / 0 |
101879 |
102 |
|
Treatment samples |
||||
10 |
0 / 0 |
1.94 |
n.a. |
1.86 |
0 / 0 |
1.95 |
n.a. |
||
2 / 48 |
1.89 |
n.a. |
||
2 / 48 |
1.67 |
n.a. |
||
Solvent control samples |
||||
0 |
0 / 0 |
n.d. |
n.a. |
|
2 / 48 |
n.d. |
n.a. |
|
|
Spiked test water samples |
||||
4.92 |
0 h |
3.91 |
79 |
3.93 |
0 h |
3.95 |
80 |
n.a. = not applicable
n.d. = no test item detected, respectively < LOD of 0.2 µg/L
Table 3: Validity criteria for OECD 202 (2004)
Criterion from the guideline |
Outcome |
Validity criterion fulfilled |
In the control, including the control containing the solubilising agent, not more than 10% of the daphnids should have been immobilized. |
0% |
yes |
The dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test should be ≥ 3 mg/L in control and test vessels. |
8.0 - 8.8 mg/L |
yes |
Description of key information
No adverse effect up to its solubility limit in the test water
EC50 (48h): > 10 mg/L (Daphnia magna, OECD202 part I, loading rate) [> 1.9 µg/L (meas. (arithm. mean))]
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The acute toxicity to Daphnia magna was assessed in a 48-hour static test according to OECD guideline 202, part I. An undiluted filtrate (0.45 µm filter pore size) of a supersaturated dispersion with the maximum concentration of dissolved test item was used as the only test concentration. The limit test was performed with the test item loading rate of 10 mg/L. Additionally, a control and a solvent control (100 µL/L N,N-dimethylformamide) were tested in parallel.
The analytically determined test item concentrations in the samples taken at start and test end were 1.9 and 1.8 µg/L, respectively. In the controls and at the loading rate of 10 mg/L (mean measured 1.9 µg/L) no immobilized test organisms were determined up to the solubility limits of the test item. The EC50 (48 h) was determined to be > 10 mg/L (loading rate) [> 1.9 µg/L (mean measured)].
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