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EC number: 215-608-3 | CAS number: 1333-83-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
The toxicity of sodium hydrogen difluoride will be dominated by local (site of contact) effects, as a consequence of its corrosive nature. Systemic exposure is likely to be limited, but systemic toxicity is predicted to be due to fluoride and the critical effect will be skeletal fluorosis. Comprehensive repeated dose oral toxicity data are available for sodium fluoride; read-across is therefore proposed.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Repeated dose toxicity: via oral route - systemic effects
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- short-term repeated dose toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: NTP study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: NTP protocol
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- 6-month study
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Fischer 344
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Male and female rats were bred at the study laboratory. Breeder F344 rats (Harlan Industries, Indianapolis, IN) were placed on a low fluoride diet (<2.1 ppm fluoride) 1 month before monogamous pairing. Progeny that survived to weaning were distributed to weight classes and assigned to cages by a random number table. Rats were 5 to 6 weeks old when placed on study. Animals were houses five per cage with feed and water available ad libitum. Individual weights were recorded weekly throughout the studies. Water consumption was recorded daily by cage. The conditions the rats were kept in were; 22-24 degC, 40-60% humidity and 12 hours/day of fluorescent light.
- Route of administration:
- oral: drinking water
- Vehicle:
- water
- Details on oral exposure:
- Groups of ten rats of each sex were administered 0, 10, 30, 100 or 300 ppm sodium fluoride in deionized water, available ad libitum for 6 months.
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- no
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- No analytical verification of doses. The concentrations are nominal.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- The study was 6 months in length.
- Frequency of treatment:
- The sodium fluoride in water was available ad libitum.
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0, 10, 30, 100 or 300 ppm
Basis:
nominal in water - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10 animals per sex per dose
- Control animals:
- other: see details of study design
- Details on study design:
- Groups of ten rats of each sex were administered 0, 10, 30, 100 or 300 ppm sodium fluoride in deionized water, available ad libitum for 6 months. All test animals receiving water supplemented with sodium fluoride were provided with a low fluoride (<2.1 ppm) semisynthetic diet throughout the study. T The first two controls were only included in the female rat study.
- Positive control:
- Not applicable
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- Rats were observed twice daily for mortality and morbidity, weighed initially, weekly and at termination. Clinical observations recorded daily. Food consumption recorded every other week for the first 13 weeks and for 1 week during each of the last 3 months. Water consumption was recorded daily.
- Sacrifice and pathology:
- Fluoride concentrations in bone, blood and urine were measured prior to necropsy. Necropsy was performed on all animals, with histopathological investigations at the two highest dose levels.
- Other examinations:
- No further observations
- Statistics:
- None reported
- Clinical signs:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Mortality:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not examined
- Urinalysis findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not examined
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not examined
- Details on results:
- CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY
No deaths occurred. From Week 6, chalky-white teeth with an unusual wear pattern were observed in rats at the high dose level. During the latter stages of the study, teeth were trimmed due to their unusual length; chipping was also observed.
BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN
Bodyweights and food consumption were lower at 300 ppm in both sexes
WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study)
Water consumption was slightly reduced at 300 ppm.
GROSS PATHOLOGY
Thickening of the gastric mucosa at 100 and 300 ppm.
HISTOPATHOLOGY
The principal effects were observed on the incisor teeth (300 ppm males) and stomach (both sexes at 100 and 300 ppm). In 300 ppm males, degeneration of the enamel organ was apparent. Gastric effects were characterised by a diffuse hyperplasia of the glandular mucosa .
OTHER FINDINGS - Dose descriptor:
- NOEL
- Effect level:
- 30 ppm
- Sex:
- male
- Basis for effect level:
- other: Gastric pathology
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEL
- Effect level:
- 30 ppm
- Sex:
- female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: Gastric pathology
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 100 ppm
- Sex:
- male
- Basis for effect level:
- other: Reduced bodyweight, food and water consumption; dental fluorosis
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 100 ppm
- Sex:
- female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: Reduced bodyweight, food and water consumption; dental fluorosis
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- There were no deaths throughout these studies. The only observed effects were signs of dental fluorosis and thickening of the mucosa and ulcer formation in the glandular stomach at 100 and 300 ppm.
- Executive summary:
Sodium fluoride was shown to have an effect on the teeth and stomach of rats in this study. There was no mortality; bodyweights, food consumption and water consumption were reuced at the highest dose level of 300 ppm. Signs of dental fluorosis were apparent in all animals at 300 ppm and microscopically in males at 300 ppm. Local irritant effects on the gastric mucosa (hyperplasia and ulceration) were noted at 100 ppm and 300 ppm, however this local effect is considered likely to be a consequence of the method of administration and is not relevant to the human risk assessment.
Reference
Dose (ppm) |
Survival |
Mean Body Weight |
Final Weight relative to control (%) |
||
Initial |
Final |
Change |
|||
Male |
|||||
Control |
10/10 |
78 ±7 |
444 ±7 |
366 ±8 |
100 |
Control |
10/10 |
78 ±7 |
450 ±7 |
372 ±10 |
101 |
Control |
10/10 |
80 ±7 |
420 ±7* |
339 ±8* |
94 |
10 |
10/10 |
76 ±7 |
425 ±9 |
349 ±7 |
96 |
30 |
10/10 |
83 ±7 |
437 ±7 |
354 ±10 |
98 |
100 |
10/10 |
76 ±6 |
433 ±7 |
357 ±5 |
97 |
300 |
10/10 |
81 ±7 |
371 ±10** |
290 ±8** |
83 |
Female |
|||||
Control |
10/10 |
72 ±6 |
236 ±7 |
163 ±8 |
100 |
Control |
10/10 |
67 ±6 |
234 ±4 |
167 ±6 |
99 |
10 |
10/10 |
75 ±7 |
232 ±3 |
156 ±6 |
98 |
30 |
10/10 |
69 ±7 |
234 ±6 |
166 ±7 |
99 |
100 |
10/10 |
69 ±7 |
235 ±4 |
166 ±8 |
100 |
300 |
10/10 |
70 ±7 |
212 ±3** |
141 ±6 |
90 |
*Significantly different (P≤0.05) from the control group by Dunn’s or Shirley’s test
**P<0.01
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Study duration:
- chronic
- Species:
- rat
- Quality of whole database:
- A number of high-quality repeated dose oral toxicity studies are available in the rat and mouse; studies were performed with the read-across substance sodium fluoride. As such, the studies demonstrate the systemic effects of fluoride exposure without the local effects of exposure to sodium hydrogen difluoride.
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - systemic effects
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- short-term repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Older, non-GLP published study.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Repeated exposure inhalation toxicity in rats
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- : older published study, pre-dates GLP
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Female rats of various ages were used in this test. No environmental conditions are given.
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- other: unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- Exposure of female rats of various age to 1 mg HF/m3 for 1 month, 6 hours per day.
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- There was no analytical determination of concentration. The concentration stated is nominal.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 1 month
- Frequency of treatment:
- 6 hours per day.
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
1 mg/m3
Basis:
nominal conc. - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- The number of animals is not stated.
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- Exposure of female rats of various age to 1 mg HF/m3 for 1 month, 6 hours per day.
- Sacrifice and pathology:
- Examination of the lungs,airways, bones and teeth at the end of the exposure.
- Other examinations:
- No further examination
- Statistics:
- None
- Clinical signs:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Mortality:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Body weight and weight changes:
- not examined
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not examined
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- not examined
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not examined
- Urinalysis findings:
- not examined
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not examined
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Details on results:
- Exposure of female rats of various age to 1 mg HF/m3 for 1 months, 6 hr/d resulted in damage to the dental enamel. This effect was especially seen in young animals and in animals of 17.6 to 18.6 months of age. The respiratory organs of the young animals showed atrophy and local oedema of the bronchial mucosa. In the older animals, the lungs showed peribronchial hyperplasia. In animals of about 12 months the formation of irregular shaped cavities in their bones
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEC
- Effect level:
- 1 mg/m³ air
- Sex:
- female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: Effects on the teeth, bones and respiratory tract were seen at the single concentration of HF investigated in this study.
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Exposure to HF vapour for one month resulted in effects on the teeth, bones and respiratory tract.
- Executive summary:
Exposure of female rats of various ages to 1 mg HF/m3 for 1 months, 6 hr/d resulted in damage to the dental enamel. This effect was most marked in young animals and in animals of 17.6-18.6 months of age. The respiratory organs of the young animals showed atrophy and local oedema of the bronchial mucosa. In older animals, the lungs showed peribronchiqal hyperplasia. In animals of about 12 months old the formation of irregular shaped cavities in bones was noted.
Reference
See above
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEC
- 1 mg/m³
- Study duration:
- subacute
- Species:
- rat
- Quality of whole database:
- Older, non-standard study demonstrating systemic effects following inhalation exposure to HF.
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - local effects
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- short-term repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Older, non-GLP published study.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Repeated exposure inhalation toxicity in rats
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- : older published study, pre-dates GLP
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Female rats of various ages were used in this test. No environmental conditions are given.
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- other: unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- Exposure of female rats of various age to 1 mg HF/m3 for 1 month, 6 hours per day.
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- There was no analytical determination of concentration. The concentration stated is nominal.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 1 month
- Frequency of treatment:
- 6 hours per day.
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
1 mg/m3
Basis:
nominal conc. - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- The number of animals is not stated.
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- Exposure of female rats of various age to 1 mg HF/m3 for 1 month, 6 hours per day.
- Sacrifice and pathology:
- Examination of the lungs,airways, bones and teeth at the end of the exposure.
- Other examinations:
- No further examination
- Statistics:
- None
- Clinical signs:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Mortality:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Body weight and weight changes:
- not examined
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not examined
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- not examined
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not examined
- Urinalysis findings:
- not examined
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not examined
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Details on results:
- Exposure of female rats of various age to 1 mg HF/m3 for 1 months, 6 hr/d resulted in damage to the dental enamel. This effect was especially seen in young animals and in animals of 17.6 to 18.6 months of age. The respiratory organs of the young animals showed atrophy and local oedema of the bronchial mucosa. In the older animals, the lungs showed peribronchial hyperplasia. In animals of about 12 months the formation of irregular shaped cavities in their bones
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEC
- Effect level:
- 1 mg/m³ air
- Sex:
- female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: Effects on the teeth, bones and respiratory tract were seen at the single concentration of HF investigated in this study.
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Exposure to HF vapour for one month resulted in effects on the teeth, bones and respiratory tract.
- Executive summary:
Exposure of female rats of various ages to 1 mg HF/m3 for 1 months, 6 hr/d resulted in damage to the dental enamel. This effect was most marked in young animals and in animals of 17.6-18.6 months of age. The respiratory organs of the young animals showed atrophy and local oedema of the bronchial mucosa. In older animals, the lungs showed peribronchiqal hyperplasia. In animals of about 12 months old the formation of irregular shaped cavities in bones was noted.
Reference
See above
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEC
- 1 mg/m³
- Study duration:
- subacute
- Species:
- rat
- Quality of whole database:
- Older, non-standard study demonstrating local effects following inhalation exposure to HF.
Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - systemic effects
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity: dermal
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
- Quality of whole database:
- No data are available.
Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - local effects
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity: dermal
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
- Quality of whole database:
- No data are available.
Additional information
The substance will form HF under physiological conditions, with subsequent dissociation to the constituent (hydrogen, sodium and fluoride) ions. The substance is corrosive and, therefore, repeated inhalation and dermal exposure will result in local effects at the site of contact. The toxicologically relevant component of the substance is considered to be fluoride, and systemic toxicity following repeated oral and inhalation exposure may result from fluoride. Read-across is therefore proposed to other soluble fluoride salts, which demonstrate the critical effect to be skeletal fluorosis. Dermal absorption of fluoride is not predicted under normal conditions of use.
Repeated dose oral toxicity
No studies have been performed with sodium hydrogen difluoride, however comprehensive data are available for sodium fluoride. The repeated dose oral toxicity of sodium hydrogen difluoride and NaF are considered to be essentially identical, with the exception of likely irritant/corrosive effects of sodium hydrogen difluoride at high dose levels. The repeated dose oral toxicity of sodium hydrogen difluoride will be due to fluoride, therefore read-across from the comprehensive NTP dataset with the soluble salt NaF is appropriate.
In a 14-day range-finding study with NaF in the rat, mortality was seen at drinking water concentrations of 400 and 800 ppm. Signs of toxicity (reduced weight gain, reduced water consumption, lethargy and dehydration) were noted in surviving animals in these groups. The NOAEL for this study was 200 ppm.
In a 14-day range-finding study in the mouse, mortality was seen at the highest dose level of 800 ppm; signs of toxicity (reduced weight gain, abnormal gait and posture, reduced water consumption) were also apparent at this dose level. A NOAEL of 400 ppm is determined for this study.
In a 6-month rat study, the effects of exposure to NaF were limited to reduced weight gain, dental fluorosis, thickening and ulceration of the gastric mucosa at the highest dose level of 300 ppm; gastric effects were also seen at 100 ppm. The fluoride content of plasma, bone and teeth increased with dose levels. The NOEL for this study was 30 ppm, however these local effects are not considered to be relevant for the risk assessment therefore a NOAEL of 100 ppm can be determined.
In a 6 -month mouse study, mortality attributable to acute nephrosis was seen at the highest dose level of 600 ppm. Skeletal effects were seen in males at the lowest dose level of 50 ppm.
Repeated dose dermal toxicity
No studies are available. The effects of dermal exposure to sodium hydrogen difluoride will be dominated by local irritation / corrosion. There is unlikely to be significant dermal absorption of fluoride under normal exposure conditions, where the integrity of the skin barrier is maintained. Testing for repeated dose dermal toxicity can therefore be waived on scientific grounds and for reasons of animal welfare.
Repeated exposure inhalation toxicity
The effects of repeated inhalation exposure to sodium hydrogen difluoride may be local (due to the generation of HF) or systemic (due to the absorption of fluoride. However the substance is a non-volatile solid and significant inhalation exposure is not predicted based on its physicochemical properties. In a published study (Sadilova et al, 1974), female rats were exposed to 1 mg/m3 HF 6 hours/day for 1 month. Effects were noted on the teeth, bones and respiratory tract.
Summary
Effects of repeated fluoride exposure in experimental animals were seen on the teeth, bones, respiratory tract and kidney. Evidence from epidemiological studies in humans also indicate that prolonged exposure to fluoride causes dental and skeletal effects.
Justification for selection of repeated dose toxicity via oral route - systemic effects endpoint:
This study is of high quality, of the longest duration and was performed in the preferred species.
Justification for selection of repeated dose toxicity inhalation - systemic effects endpoint:
Only one study is available.
Justification for selection of repeated dose toxicity inhalation - local effects endpoint:
Only one study is available.
Justification for selection of repeated dose toxicity dermal - systemic effects endpoint:
A waiver is proposed in accordance with column 2 of the Annex VIII and IX REACH data requirements (specific rules for adaptation from Column 1). The effects of dermal exposure will be dominated by local irritation / corrosion. There is no evidence of significant dermal absorption of sodium hydrogen difluoride under exposure conditions where the integrity of the skin barrier is maintained. Testing for repeated dose dermal toxicity can therefore be waived on scientific grounds and for reasons of animal welfare. The effects of repeated inhalation exposure to HF have been adequately characterised; the effects of repeated exposure to fluoride are also well characterised.
Justification for selection of repeated dose toxicity dermal - local effects endpoint:
A waiver is proposed in accordance with column 2 of the Annex VIII and IX REACH data requirements (specific rules for adaptation from Column 1). The effects of dermal exposure will be dominated by local irritation / corrosion. There is no evidence of significant dermal absorption of sodium hydrogen difluoride under exposure conditions where the integrity of the skin barrier is maintained. Testing for repeated dose dermal toxicity can therefore be waived on scientific grounds and for reasons of animal welfare. The effects of repeated inhalation exposure to HF have been adequately characterised; the effects of repeated exposure to fluoride are also well characterised.
Repeated dose toxicity: via oral route - systemic effects (target organ) other: bone
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - systemic effects (target organ) respiratory: other
Justification for classification or non-classification
No classification is required for repeated dose toxicity according to CLP criteria.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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