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EC number: 232-227-8 | CAS number: 7790-86-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Acute toxicity: oral
A K1 acute oral toxicity test was performed in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats according to a guideline similar to OECD Guideline 401 and according to the Code of Federal Regulations 16:1500.3 (Shapiro R, 1991). The LD50 was estimated to be 2800 mg/kg bw. This study was selected as key study.
Acute toxicity: inhalation
An acute inhalation study does not need to be conducted as the substance is classified as corrosive to the skin. In addition the substance appears asa clump and is produced as a solution. Therefore formation of respirable suspended particulate matter is unlikely.
Acute toxicity: dermal
An acute dermal study does not need to be conducted as the substance is classified as corrosive to the skin.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Acute toxicity: via oral route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From 4 February 1991 until 18 February 1991
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well documented study performed according to Code of Federal Regulations 16:1500.3 and equivalent to OECD Guideline 401.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Code of Federal Regulations 16:1500.3
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Davidson's Mill Farm, S. Brunswick, NJ
- Age at study initiation: no data
- Weight at study initiation: males body weight range: 217 - 228 g; females body weight range: 206-221 g
- Fasting period before study: Rats were fasted on the day before dosing for approximately 18 hours by removing feed from their cages. During fasting, water was provided ad-libitum. After the 18 hour fast period, the rats were examined and weighed again.
- Housing: Individually in suspended stainless steel caging with mesh floors.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Pelleted Purina Rat Chow ad-libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Tap water supplied by automatic water system
- Acclimation period: 6, 12 or 13 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 18.9 °C - 22.8°C
- Humidity (%): No data
- Air changes (per hr): No data - Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- water
- Details on oral exposure:
- VEHICLE
- Concentration in vehicle: 50% w/w solution in distilled water
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): 10 g - Doses:
- The dose levels were 2500 and 3500 mg/kg
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: The rats were observed at 1, 2 and 4 hours after dosing and at least once daily thereafter for signs of gross toxicity and mortality. Body weights were recorded initially and at termination (day 14) or after death.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes, all survivors to termination were euthanized by CO2 inhalation. Gross necropsies were performed on all decedents. - Statistics:
- LD50 calculated by the Litchfield-Wilcoxon Method of Probit Analysis; J. Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 96: 99-115 (1949)
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 2 800 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- 95% CL:
- 2 360 - 3 320
- Mortality:
- Dosage 2500 mg/kg: 30% mortality occurred by day 2.
Dosage 3500 mg/kg: 90% mortality occurred by day 3. - Clinical signs:
- other: Dosage 2500 mg/kg: Following test material administration all animals appeared lethargic. Most had a hunched posture and two had ano-genital staining. All surviving animals recovered from the above symptoms by day 6 and gained weight over the 14-day obser
- Gross pathology:
- Dosage 2500 mg/kg: Necropsy of the decedents revealed distention of the stomach with reddish-white discoloration of the pyloric region, discoloration of the intestines and dark-colored fluid in the bladder.
Dosage 3500 mg/kg: Necropsy of the decedents revealed distention of the stomach with discoloration of the pyloric region in most animals. Discoloration of the intestines and dark-colored fluid in the bladder was also noted in most animals. - Interpretation of results:
- not classified
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- The acute oral, single dose LD50 calculated by Probit Analysis was 2800 mg cerium trichloride per kilogram body weight with 95% confidence limits of 2360 and 3320 mg/kg. Based on the criteria of the CLP Regulation, the substance should not be classified for acute oral toxicity as the LD50 value is > 2000 mg/kg.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 2 800 mg/kg bw
Acute toxicity: via inhalation route
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Acute toxicity: via dermal route
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Acute toxicity: oral
Shapiro R (1991) investigated the acute oral toxicity via gavage of a single oral dose of cerium trichloride (50% aqueous solution) in 5 Sprague-Dawley rats per sex per dose. The dose levels tested were 2500 and 3500 mg/kg. The animals were observed for 14 days. At 2500 mg/kg 30% mortality occurred by day 2 and at 3500 mg/kg 90% mortality occurred by day 3. Following test material administration at 2500 mg/kg all animals appeared lethargic. Most had a hunched posture and two had ano-genital staining. All surviving animals recovered from the above symptoms by day 6 and gained weight over the 14-day observation period. At 3500 mg/kg all animals appeared lethargic and most had hunched posture; several had ano-genital staining and diarrhea. Prior to death many were prostrated. The survivor (female) recovered from these toxic signs by day 4. At 2500 mg/kg the three decedents, all females, lost bodyweight prior to death. At 3500 mg/kg all decedents lost weight prior to death. The survivor (female) gained weight over the 14-day observation period. At 2500 mg/kg necropsy of the decedents revealed distention of the stomach with reddish-white discoloration of the pyloric region, discoloration of the intestines and dark-colored fluid in the bladder. At 3500 mg/kg necropsy of the decedents revealed distention of the stomach with discoloration of the pyloric region in most animals. Discoloration of the intestines and dark-colored fluid in the bladder was also noted in most animals. The acute oral, single dose LD50 calculated by Probit Analysis was 2800 mg cerium trichloride per kilogram body weight. This study is designated as key study.
In addition, a K2 limit test reported a LD100 value of 5000 mg/kg bw (Shapiro, 1991). This study has been disregarded as the dose administered was inappropriate and the study did not permit to conclude about the toxicity of cerium chloride.
Acute toxicity: inhalation
An acute inhalation study does not need to be conducted as the substance is classified as corrosive to the skin (according to REACH Annex VIII section 8.5, column 2). In addition the substance appears as a clump and is produced as a solution. Therefore formation of respirable suspended particulate matter is unlikely.
Acute toxicity: dermal
An acute dermal study does not need to be conducted as the substance is classified as corrosive to the skin (according to REACH Annex VIII section 8.5, column 2).
Justification for selection of acute toxicity – oral endpoint
The LD50 is above 2000 mg/kg bw. Therefore, this is considered as showing no adverse effects.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the results of the acute oral toxicity study and according to the criteria of the DSD and CLP Regulation, cerium trichloride should not be classified as an acute oral toxicant.
No data were available to decide on the classification for the inhalation and dermal route. As the substance is classified as corrosive to the skin, no acute test via a second route of exposure should be conducted.
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