Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 235-762-5 | CAS number: 12672-27-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- sub-chronic toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Basic data given but only males were tested, only one dose level, no detailed clinical observation, limited parameters examined, no data on test substance purity.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- A study of the effects of cobalt administered orally to rats; Short title: Semichronic oral cobalt toxitcity in rats
- Author:
- Domingo, J.L. et al.
- Year:
- 1 984
- Bibliographic source:
- Arch. de Farmacol. y Toxicol. X: 13-20
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 408 (Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- (40 animals/group, only males tested, only one dose tested, limited parameters examined, no detailed clinical observation)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Cobalt (II) chloride
- IUPAC Name:
- Cobalt (II) chloride
- Details on test material:
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Cobaltous chloride (not specified if hexahydrate or not)
Analytical purity: no data
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: approx. 80 g
- Housing: in Macrolon cages; 10 of each group in individual cages stainless steel to study their metabolism
- Diet: perfectly balanced PANLAB diet; ad libitum
- Water: drinking water; ad libitum
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: drinking water
- Vehicle:
- water
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- The selection of the concentration of 500 ppm was made on the basis of the data obtained in a previous study lasting one month.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 3 months
- Frequency of treatment:
- daily
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
500 ppm
Basis:
nominal in water
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 40 males
- Control animals:
- yes, plain diet
- Details on study design:
- - Dose selection rationale: based on a previous study
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: No data
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: No data
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: twice weekly
FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study):
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes
- Compound intake calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: Yes
FOOD EFFICIENCY:
- Body weight gain in kg/food consumption in kg per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No
WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study): Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: daily
OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: No
HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: every 2 weeks
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: No data
- Animals fasted: No data
- How many animals: 4/group
- Parameters examined: haematocrit, and haemoglobin
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: every 2 weeks
- Animals fasted: No data
- How many animals: 4/group
- Parameters examined: glucose, urea, total proteins, cholesterol, uric acid, creatinine, alkaline phophatase, GOT, and GPT
URINALYSIS: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of urine: daily
- Metabolism cages used for collection of urine: Yes (10 animals per group)
- Animals fasted: No data
- Parameters examined: No data
NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: No
OTHER: The Protein Efficiency Coefficients (PEC) were determined every 2 weeks. (PEC is defined as a quotient between the weight gain and the nitrogen ingested.) - Sacrifice and pathology:
- GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes; organ weights: liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, lungs, and testicles (all animals)
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes; heart, kidney, liver, suprarenals, spleen, stomach, pancrease, duodenum, colon, skeletal muscle, lung, and testicle (3 animals per group); an ultrastructural study was made of samples of the right and left ventricle including the endocardium - Other examinations:
- In liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, lungs, testicles, and in the abdominal muscle, the concentration of accumulated cobalt was determined by readings from an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. At the end of the experiment also the blood was analysed for cobalt accumulation.
- Statistics:
- Student-Fischer t-test
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- not specified
- Mortality:
- not specified
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- no effects observed
- Urinalysis findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Gross pathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not examined
- Details on results:
- CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY
No data
BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN
The treated animals' growth was significantly less (P < 0.001) than the control rats in the first 6 weeks; i.e. during the period in which the weight increase is considerable. From the 2nd month, the variations between both groups are no longer significant.
FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study)
The quantities of nitrogen ingested fortnightly, are significantly different from the 2nd fortnight (P < 0.01) to the 4th (P < 0.001); this does not exist in the 3rd month.
WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study)
The drinking water ingested was significantly less (P < 0.001) for the treated animals after the 2nd fortnight.
HAEMATOLOGY
Significant increases were seen in the haematocrit (P < 0.001) and in the haemoglobin (P < 0.001) over the whole study period.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
No significant differences were observed.
URINALYSIS
The volume of urine excreted was significantly less (P < 0.001) for the treated rats than for the controls.
ORGAN WEIGHTS
Changes in organ weights were observed in the lungs (significant increase, P < 0.01). Hypertrophy of the spleen was observed (P < 0.001).
GROSS PATHOLOGY
No data
HISTOPATHOLOGY: NON-NEOPLASTIC
No morphological changes or atypical intracellular deposits were noted in any of the samples obtained and examined, nor were there any relevant ultrastructural irregularities.
OTHER FINDINGS
The accumulated cobalt values for rats during the three months period show an increase of the metal in all the organs analyzed, although it was only significant in the heart in and the spleen (P < 0.01) and particularly in the kidneys and liver (P < 0.001).
Effect levels
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEL
- Effect level:
- 500 other: ppm (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male
- Basis for effect level:
- other: organ weights, body weight gain, drinking volume, haematological parameters
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Organ weights
Organ |
Control: organ weight [g] |
Test group: organ weight [g] |
Deviation [%] |
Liver |
3.12 ± 0.33 |
3.22 ± 0.24 |
+ 3.21 |
Kidneys |
0.73 ± 0.69 |
0.68 ± 0.078 |
- 6.85 |
Spleen |
0.14 ± 0.19 |
0.20 ± 0.018 |
+ 42.86*** |
Heart |
0.32 ± 0.031 |
0.35 ± 0.026 |
+ 9.38* |
Lungs |
0.42 ± 0.063 |
0.56 ± 0.097 |
+ 33.33** |
Testicles |
1.09 ± 0.117 |
0.80 ± 0.336 |
- 26.61* |
* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001
Table 2: Selected parameters of blood analysis
Parameter |
Control |
Test group |
t (Student-Fischer) test |
Haematocrit [%] |
41.5 ± 1.84 |
53.6 ± 1.55 |
12.175*** |
Haemoglobine [g/100 mL] |
14.1 ± 0.68 |
18.4 ± 0.49 |
14.872*** |
Urea [mg/100 mL] |
28.4 ± 6.41 |
34.3 ± 6.04 |
-2.154* |
GPT [U/L] |
46 ± 11.4 |
32 ± 5.3 |
- 3.303** |
* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001
Applicant's summary and conclusion
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.