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EC number: 268-596-7 | CAS number: 68130-53-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
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- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
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- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
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- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
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- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
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- Toxicological Summary
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- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
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- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
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- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Description of key information
In an Ames test (OECD Guideline 471), under test conditions, test article H2925 (CAS No. 68130-53-0), Lot# 2013090401, did not have mutagenicity potential. The results of an Ames Test, three in vitro chromosome aberration tests and an in vitro mammalian gene mutation test with closely related structural analogues showed no evidence of mutagenicity.
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 03 April 2014 to 02 July 2014
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study performed in accordance with OECD & US EPA test guidelines in compliance with GLP.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.5100 - Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test (August 1998)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
- Target gene:
- his operon (S. typhimurium strains)
trp operon ( E. coli strain) - Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA97a, TA1535, TA98 and TA100
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not applicable
- Species / strain / cell type:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not applicable
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9-mix
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- A cytotoxicity screen was conducted in the Salmonella typhimurium TA-100 tester strain using eight concentrations (0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 µI/plate) of the test article, two plates per dose.
Based on the cytotoxicity results, five concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5 µI/plate) of the test article were tested in each of five bacterial tester strains (E. coliWP2 uvrA, and S. typhimurium strains TA-97a, TA-1535, TA-98, and TA-100). - Vehicle / solvent:
- Identity: Acetone, Lot#124017
Supplied by: Fisher Scientific
Date Received: 15 Feb 2013
Expiration Date: Jul 2017
Storage: Room temperature.
Description: Clear colorless liquid
Sample Preparation: Used as received. - Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Acetone
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- sodium azide
- methylmethanesulfonate
- other: 2-Aminoanthracene (2AA), Acridine, 6-chloro-9-(3-((2-chloroethyl)amino)propyl)amino-2-methoxy, dihydrochloride (ICR-191), Daunomycin (DM),
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- Sample Preparation
Screen: 50 µI of the test article were brought to a volume of 1 ml with Acetone to yield a 50 µI/ml solution (stock for a dose of 5 µl/plate) (clear colorless liquid). Additional dilutions were made with Acetone (clear colorless liquids).
Main Assay: 500 µI of the test article were brought to a volume of 10 ml with Acetone to yield a 50 µI/ml solution (stock for a dose of 5 µl/plate) (clear colorless liquid). Additional dilutions were made with Acetone (clear colorless liquids).
Independent Repeat Assay: 500 µI of the test article were brought to a volume of 10 ml with Acetone to yield a 50 µl/ml solution (stock for a dose of 5 µI/plate) (clear colorless liquid). Additional dilutions were made with Acetone (clear colorless liquids).
Preparation of the Tester Strains: Bacterial cultures were inoculated by the addition of a lyophilized disk of each tester strain to Oxoid No.2 nutrient broth (Molecular Toxicology, Inc. (Moltox) Boone, NC, cat. #26-555). Ampicillin was added to the nutrient broth to ensure the retention of R-factor plasmid in tester strains TA-97a, TA-98 and TA-100. The cultures were incubated at 37°C ± 2°C with agitation. The cultures were used after they reached the late exponential growth phase as determined by absorbance readings at 600 nm.
Exogenous Metabolic Activation: An activation buffer containing 10% S9 obtained from the livers of Aroclor 1254-treated adult Sprague Dawley rats was prepared according to the manufacturer's (Moltox) instructions. Each vial of Regensys B (Moltox cat# 60-201) was reconstituted with approximately 1 ml of Regensys A (Moltox cat# 60-200). The solution was transferred back into the Regensys A bottle S9 (Moltox cat# 11-101) was then mixed with Regensys A+B to yield a 10% S9 buffer stock solution. The stock was separated into aliquots in sterile 15 ml conical tubes and refrigerated at 2-8°C until used.
The exogenous metabolic activation mixture was added to one set of all doses - each test article concentration, vehicle control and positive control for each of the bacterial tester strains.
Treatment of the Test System: Top agar supplemented with appropriate amino acids were prepared, as 2 ml aliquots, and maintained at 45-50°C in sterile culture tubes. Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline (DPBS) was added to the tubes not undergoing S9 activation (i.e. without S9, or -S9) to maintain equal dosing volumes. 0.1 ml of bacteria was added to the top agar, followed by 0.1 ml of the test article, vehicle control or positive control. For the activation portion of the test, 0.5 ml of S9 mixture was added last. The contents were gently vortexed and overiaid onto minimal glucose agar plates. After the mixture had solidified, the plates were incubated at 37°C ± 2°C for 48-72 hours. Plates that were not scored immediately following the incubation period were stored at 2-8°C until scoring.
An independent repeat (confirmatory) test was dosed using a preincubation method. One-hundred microliters of the test article concentration or Control was preincubated with 0.1 ml of the bacteria tester strain, along with 0.5 ml of Phosphate Buffered Saline or the metabolic activation (S9) system. These mixtures were incubated for 20 minutes or more at approximately 3rC prior to being mixed with the overlay agar and poured onto the surface of minimal agar plates. At the request of the Sponsor, the independent repeat (confirmatory) test was aborted after the plates were dosed.
Screen: Prior to the cytotoxicity screen, solubility of the test article was checked in tissue culture water (TCH2O), Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and Acetone. The test article was freely soluble at a concentration of 50 µI/ml only in Acetone and the Study Director chose Acetone as the vehicle for the study A cytotoxicity screen was conducted in the TA-100 tester strain using eight concentrations (0.001,0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 µI/plate) of the test article, two plates per concentration, with and without S9. A vehicle control (Acetone) was run concurrently, with and without S9. The plates were incubated at 37°C ± 2°C for 48-72 Hours
Main Assay: Five concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5 µI/plate) of the test article were tested in each of five bacterial tester strains (Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA, and Salmonella typhimurium strains TA-97a, TA-1535, TA-98, and TA-100). Two sets of culture plates were dosed per concentration (+S9 and -S9). A vehicle control and positive controls specific to each bacterial strain were treated in a similar manner as the test article concentrations. The plates were incubated at 37°C ± 2°C for 48-72 hours.
Revertant Colony Count: Counting of the revertants per plate was performed using an Alphalmager™ 2200 (Alpha Innotech Corporation, San Leandro, CA) fluorescence imager. Proper function of the imager was verified against a standard template (e.g. high (1000), medium (100) and low (10) counts) prior to each daily use. The number of revertants was recorded, along with observations of cytotoxicity. Routine examination (under a light microscope) of the bacterial background lawn was used to determine cytotoxicity of the test article.
The plates were also examined visually for test article precipitate.
Independent Repeat Assay: The guidelines recommend that equivocal results be clarified by further testing, preferably using a modification of experimental conditions (e.g. concentrations tested), and that negative results need to be confirmed on a case-by-case basis. Justification should be provided when confirmation of negative results is not considered necessary. There is no recommendation of an independent repeat assay when the assay results are clearly positive.
At the request of the Sponsor, an independent repeat assay (confirmatory test) was aborted after all tester strains had been dosed with test material and plated but before the plates were scored.
Quality Check of the Assay:
Sterility Test: Sterile technique is required throughout the course of the study. To ascertain each component's sterility, a small amount (1 ml) was placed on agar plates and incubated to encourage growth of any contaminating microorganisms. The plates were incubated for 48-72 hours at 37°C ± 2°C and visually observed for microbial growth.
Vehicle Control: The spontaneous reversion rate, as represented by the mean colony forming units (CFU), for each strain of bacteria was calculated and compared to in-house historical ranges.
Positive Control: Positive control treatment for each tester strain of bacteria must result in at least a 2-fold increase of revertants over the mean vehicle control value. The effectiveness of the exogenous metabolic activation mixture was demonstrated by the positive response of the control. - Rationale for test conditions:
- In accordance with test guidelines
- Evaluation criteria:
- Plates were scored based on the number of revertant colony-forming units present per plate. The number of revertants of each test article plate were averaged and plotted versus concentration of the test article. The mean number of revertants of each dose was divided by the mean for the vehicle control value to obtain a ratio to vehicle. In evaluating the data, cytotoxicity of the test article as well as quality checks of the assay were taken into account.
In general, a 2-fold increase with or without metabolic activation is considered a positive response. Dose-related increases approaching a 2-fold increase are deemed equivocal.
A negative result is determined by the absence of a dose-related increase in all five tester strains, again taking into account cytotoxicity of the test article as well as the quality checks of the assay.
Positive results from the bacterial reverse mutation test indicate that the substance induces point mutations by base substitutions or frame shifts in the genome of either Salmonella typhimurium and/or Escherichia coli. Negative results indicate that under the test conditions, the test substance is not mutagenic in the tested strains. - Statistics:
- Not specified in the study report.
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA97a, TA1535, TA98 and TA100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- Screen: There was no diminution or clearing of the background lawn observed at any dose level, indicating that the test article was not cytotoxic to tester strain TA-100 at 0.001 to 5 µI/plate. The Study Director chose 5 µI/plate as the top test article concentration for the main test.
Main Assay: The assay was run in all five strains on triplicate plates, Positive and vehicle controls were run concurrently for all five strains, on six plates per strain. All plating was with and without exogenous metabolic activation, S9. No reduction or clearing of the bacterial background lawn was observed, indicating no or minimal cytotoxicity of the test article under test conditions. There was no significant increase or dose-dependent increase of the number of revertants in any tester strain treated with the test article in the presence or absence of S9, All Positive and Negative Control values were within acceptable ranges, and all criteria for a valid study were met. However, TA-98 (with and without S9) and WP2 uvrA (with S9) initially did not pass QC parameters and had to be repeated. TA-98 with S9 did not pass the negative control QC parameters (average revertant colonies higher than historical range) but passed positive control parameter (greater than 2-fold increase over negative control), TA-98 without S9 did not pass either QC parameter and WP2 uvrA with S9 did not pass the positive control QC parameter, Upon repeating dosing for these two strains (TA-98 with and without S9, and WP2 uvrA with S9) all QC parameters were within acceptable ranges.
Independent Repeat Assay: An independent repeat assay was dosed in all five tester strains using test article concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 µI/plate and the pre-incubation dosing method. However, at the request of the Sponsor the assay was terminated before the plates were scored. - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative with and without metabolic activation
Under test conditions, test article H2925 (CAS No. 68130-53-0), Lot# 2013090401, did not have mutagenicity potential. - Executive summary:
Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the mutagenic potential of a test article based on the reversion of selective growth mutations in several strains of Salmonella typhimurium bacteria and in Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA bacteria, in the presence and absence of S9 activation. This protocol is based on OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals: No. 471 - Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test and U.S. EPA Health Effects Test Guidelines OPPTS 870.5100 - Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test.
Method Synopsis: Prior to the cytotoxicity screen, solubility of the test article was checked in tissue culture water (TCH2O), Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and Acetone. The test article was freely soluble at a concentration of 50µI/mlonly in Acetone and the Study Director chose Acetone as the vehicle for the study. A cytotoxicity screen was conducted in the Salmonella typhimurium TA-100 tester strain using eight concentrations (0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5µI/plate)of the test article, two plates per dose. The test article was combined with the bacteria and top agar in the presence and absence of a metabolic activation mixture (S9) and overlaid onto minimal glucose agar plates. An Acetone vehicle control was run concurrently, with and without S9.
Based on the cytotoxicity results, five concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5µI/plate)of the test article were tested in each of five bacterial tester strains(E.coliWP2 uvrA, and S. typhimurium strains TA-97a, TA-1535, TA-98, and TA-100). Vehicle controls and positive controls specific to each bacterial strain were treated in a similar manner as the test article concentrations. The plates were incubated at 37°C ± 2°C for 48-72 hours. Revertant colony growth was determined by counting the colonies per plate using an Alphalmager™ imaging system. The number of revertants of the test article treatment plates and positive control plates was divided by the number of revertants of the vehicle plates. In general, a positive result is determined by a 2-fold increase above the vehicle control.
Tester strains WP2 uvrA (with S9) and TA-98 (with and without S9) failed the quality checks. The main test was repeated for these strains and passed the quality checks. The results of the repeat main test are reported; the original data is maintained in the study file.
At the request of the Sponsor, an independent repeat assay (confirmatory test) was aborted after all tester strains had been dosed with test material and plated but before the plates were scored.
Summary: Test article H2925 (CAS No. 68130-53-0), Lot# 2013090401, in the vehicle, Acetone, was tested in a Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay. In the screen, the test article did not show obvious cytotoxicity to tester strain TA-100 at any concentration, with or without S9. In the main test, the test article at 0.05 to 5µI/plate,with or without S9, did not cause a significant increase or a dose-dependent increase of the number of revertants of any bacterial tester strain, indicating that the test article is negative for mutagenicity in the Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay.
Conclusion: Under test conditions, test article H2925 (CAS No. 68130-53-0), Lot# 2013090401, did not have mutagenicity potential.
- Endpoint:
- in vitro cytogenicity / chromosome aberration study in mammalian cells
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 06. Oct. - 16. Feb. 2004
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline study (OECD). (Purity of test substance not given, evalation criteria not given.) For read-across, maximum reliability score is 2.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 473 (In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- purity of test substance is not given (responsibility of the sponsor)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test
- Target gene:
- not applicable
- Species / strain / cell type:
- lymphocytes: cultured peripheral human lymphocytes
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- - Type and identity of media: Eagles essential medium with HEPES buffer (MEM), supplemented with:
L-glutamine, penicillin/streptomycin, amphotericin B, 15% foetel calf serum
- Properly maintained: yes
- Periodically checked for Mycoplasma contamination: no data
- Periodically checked for karyotype stability: no data
- Periodically "cleansed" against high spontaneous background: no data - Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- co-factor supplemented post-mitochondrial fraction (S9 mix), prepared from the livers of rats pretreated with phenobarbitone (80 mg/kg) and ß-naphtoflavone (100 mg/kg)
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Experiment I:
4 hour (with and without): 240, 320, 400 µg/mL
Experiment II
4 hour (with): 240, 320, 400 µg/mL
24 hour (without): 240, 320, 400 µg/mL - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: acetone
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: Mitomycin C (MMC; 0.2 and 0.4 µg/mL; -S9), cyclophosphamide (CP; 10 µg/mL; +S9)
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in medium
DURATION
- Exposure duration: 4 h (with and without S9), 24 h (without)
- Fixation time (start of exposure up to fixation or harvest of cells): 4 h treatment: 20 h; 24 h treatment: 0 h
SPINDLE INHIBITOR (cytogenetic assays): Colcemid 0.1 µg/mL (demecolcine)
STAIN (for cytogenetic assays): 5% Gurrs Giemsa for 5 minutes
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 2
NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: 200 per culture
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: mitotic index of 2000 cells
OTHER EXAMINATIONS:
- Determination of polyploidy: yes - Rationale for test conditions:
- In accordance with test guidelines.
- Evaluation criteria:
- no data
- Statistics:
- The frequency of cells with aberrations excluding gaps and the frequency of polyploid cells was compared, where necessary, with the concurrent vehicle control value using Fisher's exact test.
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- lymphocytes: cultured peripheral human lymphocytes
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Effects of pH: no
- Effects of osmolality: no
- Precipitation: cloudy precipitates were observed at and above 40 and 80 µg/mL in the 24-hour continuous and 4-hour pulse treatment groups, respectively
RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES:
The dose range tested was 10-320 µg/mL. the test material produced some weak toxicity in the 4-hour treatment group but not the 24-hour treatment group. Toxicity could not be reproduced in the main experiment (scorable metaphases at every dose level).
COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA: The results are in range with historical control data. - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative - Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 26 Mar - 08 June 2010
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP-Guideline study. For read-across, maximum reliability score is 2.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 476 (In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted in 1997
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.17 (Mutagenicity - In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- mammalian cell gene mutation assay
- Target gene:
- TK locus
- Species / strain / cell type:
- mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- - Type and identity of media: RPMI 1640 supplemented with 5% (v/v) heat-inactivated horse serum
- Properly maintained: yes
- Periodically checked for Mycoplasma contamination: yes
- Periodically "cleansed" against high spontaneous background: yes - Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- co-factor supplemented post-mitochondrial fraction (S9-mix), prepared from rats pretreated with phenobarbital and ß-naphthoflavone
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- First experiment: 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 33, 100, 333 and 750 µg/mL (with and without metabolic activation (8%, v/v))
Second experiment: 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 33, 100, 333 and 750 µg/mL (with and without metabolic activation (12%, v/v)) - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- + S9: cyclophosphamide, 15 and 5 µg/mL for 3 and 24 h treatment, respectively; - S9: methylmethanesulfonate, 7.5 µg/mL
- Positive control substance:
- cyclophosphamide
- methylmethanesulfonate
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in suspension
DURATION
- Preincubation period: No
- Exposure duration: cells were exposed to the test material for 3 h and 24 h in the presence and absence of S9-mix, respectively.
- Expression time (cells in growth medium): For the expression of the mutant phenotype, the cells were separated by 2 centrifugation steps and cultures for 48 h after the treatment period. For determination of the mutation frequency cells were plated and incubated for 11-12 days. After that, cells were stained for 2 h by adding 0.5 mg/mL MTT (Sigma) to each well. The plates were scored for cloning efficiency and mutation frequency with the naked eye or with the microscope.
SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays): RPMI 1640 supplemented with 20% (v/v) heat-inactivated horse serum and 5 µg/mL trifluorothymidine (TFT).
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: relative total growth - Rationale for test conditions:
- In naccordance with test guidelines.
- Evaluation criteria:
- Several criteria including a concentration-related, or a reproducible increase in mutation frequencies determined a positive result.
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Remarks:
- at and above 333 µg/mL
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Precipitation: at and above 333 µg/mL
RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES: Yes, cytotoxicity data was obtained by treating cells for 3 h and 24 h respectively with a number of increasing test substance concentrations. The highest concentration tested was 750 µg/ml due to poor solubility of the test substance. No toxicity was observed with and without metabolic activation up to and at the maximum dose level tested with 3 h or 24 h incubation.
COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA: Yes, all controls were in the range of the historical controls - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative - Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 06 May - 29 Aug 1996
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP guideline study. For read-across, maximum reliability score is 2.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- September 1995
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 472 (Genetic Toxicology: Escherichia coli, Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- September 1995
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
- Target gene:
- his operon (S. typhimurium strains)
trp operon ( E. coli strains) - Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1538
- Species / strain / cell type:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9-Mix (Spraque Dawley rats, male, Aroclor 1254 induced)
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 0, 10, 33, 100, 333 and 1000 µg/plate
- Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: ethanol
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: without S9: sodium azide (SA; 1 μg/plate, TA1535 and TA100); 9-Aminoacridine (9AA; 75 µg/plate, TA 1537); 2-Nitrofluorene (2NF; 1 µg/plate, TA98 and TA 1538); Methylmethanesulfonate (MMS; 1000 µg/plate, WP2 uvrA) with S9: 2-Amino-anthracene (2-AA; 1 μg/pl
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in medium; in agar (plate incorporation)
DURATION
- Exposure duration: 48 to 72 h
- Expression time (cells in growth medium): 48 to 72 h
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: Inspection of the bacterial backgroung lawn wit a dissecting microscope - Evaluation criteria:
- Revertant colonies were counted and the mean and standard deviation were calculated and compared to the controls.
All Salmonella tester strains must demonstrate the presence of the deep rough mutation and the deletion of the uvrA gene. Cultures of the TA98 and TA100 strains must demonstrate the presence of the pKM101 plasmid R-factor. All WP2 uvrA cultures must demonstrate the deletion of the uvrA gene. All cultures must demonstrate the characteristic mean number of spontaneous revertants in the vehicle controls. Tester strain titers must be above 30.000.000 cells/ml. The mean of each positive control must be at least three-fold increased to the controlls. A minimum of three non-toxic dose levels are recquired to evaluate assay data. - Statistics:
- Mean and standard deviation were calculated
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- other: An unacceptable vehicle control value with the tester strain TA1537, contamination of tester strain TA98, experiments were repeated
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1538
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Precipitation: >100 µg/plate
RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES: Yes
COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA: Yes - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative Under the tested experimental conditions the test substance did not induce gene mutations in S. typhimurium strains and in an E. coli strain up to the maximum of solubility. Therefore it is not considered to be mutagenic in this bacterial mutagenicity test. - Endpoint:
- in vitro cytogenicity / chromosome aberration study in mammalian cells
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 22 May - 28 Oct 1996
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP guideline study. For read-across, maximum reliability score is 2.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 473 (In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adpoted in 1995
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Only basic data on test substance given
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test
- Target gene:
- not applicable
- Species / strain / cell type:
- Chinese hamster Ovary (CHO)
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- - Type and identity of media: McCoy´s 5A medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 100 units penicillin and 100 µg streptomycin/ml and 2 mM L-glutamine
- Properly maintained: yes
- Periodically checked for Mycoplasma contamination: yes - Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not applicable
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver S9-mix (Spraque-Dawley)
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Preliminary cytotoxicity test: 0.5, 1.5, 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500, 5000 µg/mL
Chromosomal abberation assay: (157, 313), 625, 1250, 2500, 5000 µg/mL. Concentrations 157 and 313 µg/mL were not evaluated for CA - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: Ethanol
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Ethanol
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: mitomycin C, 0.08 and 0.15 µg/mL, -S9; mitomycin C 10 µg/mL, +S9
- Remarks:
- 0.08 and 0.15 µg/mL
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in medium
DURATION
- Exposure duration: 4 and 20 h without S9 activation and 4 h with activation.
STAIN (for cytogenetic assays): 5% Giemsa
NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: A minimum of 200 metaphase spreads (100 per duplicate flask) at each concentration used. - Rationale for test conditions:
- In accordance with test guidelines.
- Evaluation criteria:
- Criteria for cytotoxicity of the test substance: (1) cell growth inhibition relative to the solvent control
Criteria for chromosomal damage: (1) Number and types of aberrations found, the percentage of structurally and numerically damaged cells in the total population were counted. - Statistics:
- The frequency of structural aberrations per cell was calculated. The statistical analysis of the percent aberrant cells was performed with Fisher´s Exact Test. It was used to compare pair wise the percent aberrant cells of each treatment group with that of the solvent control. In the event of positive control, the Cochran-Armitage test was used to measure dose- responsiveness.
The dose response was estimated by linear regression curves. Difference in the sensitivity of mutagenic compounds was established by comparing the slopes of corresponding dose-response regression curves. For a comparison of mean values, Student's t test was used. - Key result
- Species / strain:
- Chinese hamster Ovary (CHO)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- 48% in the highest dose for treatment of 4 h without metabolic activation, 33% with metabolic activation and 3% for 20 h exposure without metabolic activation
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Effects of pH: 8 in the highest dose
- Effects of osmolality: 285 in the highest dose
RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES: Yes, cell growth inhibition of 83% without and 3% with metabolic activation at the highest dose tested (5000 µg/mL).
COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA: Yes - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative - Endpoint:
- in vitro cytogenicity / chromosome aberration study in mammalian cells
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 23 Feb - 26 Jul 2000
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline study with acceptable restrictions (no details on analytical purity of the test substance given).
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 473 (In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no details on analytical purity of the test substance given
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.10 (Mutagenicity - In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no details on analytical purity of the test substance given
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.5375 - In vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no details on analytical purity of the test substance given
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test
- Target gene:
- not applicable
- Species / strain / cell type:
- Chinese hamster Ovary (CHO)
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- - Type and identity of media: in the absence of S9 mix: McCoy's 5A Medium containing 10% foetal bovine serum and 2 mM L-glutamine; in the presence of S9 mix: serum-free McCoy's 5A Medium containing 2 mM L-glutamine
- Properly maintained: yes
- Periodically checked for Mycoplasma contamination: yes - Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- co-factor supplemented post-mitochondrial fraction (S9 mix), prepared from the livers of Sprague Dawley rats treated with Aroclor
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Range-finder toxicity test: 0, 20, 39, 78, 156, 313, 625, 1250 and 2500 µg/mL (3 h treatment), with and without S9
Initial and repeat experiment (main assay): 25, 75, 250, 750 and 2500 µg/mL (3 h treatment), with and without S9
Chromosome aberration analysis: 75, 750, and 2500 µg/mL (without S9); 25, 250 and 2500 µg/mL (with S9) - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: acetone
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: a vehicle solubility test was previously performed to assess the solubility of the test substance in DMSO, water and acetone. The results of this test showed that the test substance was soluble in acetone at the concentrations required for this study. The non-cytotoxic dose volume for acetone is 50 µL/flask, therefore based on solubility, 2500 µg/mL was the highest dose that could be achieved in this assay. - Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- acetone
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- - S): 9,10-dimethyl- 1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA, 10 µg/mL in acetone); + S9: 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG, 0.6 µg/mL in acetone
- Positive control substance:
- 9,10-dimethylbenzanthracene
- other: 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in medium
DURATION
- Exposure duration: 3 h
- Fixation time (start of exposure up to fixation or harvest of cells):
A) Range-finder toxicity test: 19 h
B) Initial experiment (main assay): 19 h
C) Repeat experiment (main assay): 19 and 43 h
SPINDLE INHIBITOR (cytogenetic assays): 0.2 µg/mL Colcemid®
STAIN (for cytogenetic assays): 5% Giemsa
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 2
NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: 100 per culture
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: mitotic index and cell confluency (range-finder toxicity test and main assay); other: cell count (range-finder toxicity test) - Rationale for test conditions:
- In accordance with test guidelines.
- Evaluation criteria:
- For a test substance to be considered as positive, one of the following conditions must be met:
- a statistically significant dose-related increase in the mean percentage of aberrant cells and, in at least one of the treatment groups, the mean percentage of aberrant cells exceeds 5%.
OR
- a reproducible and statistically significant response for at least one of the treatment groups is observed. In addition, the mean percentage of aberrant cells exceeds 5%.
A positive result indicates that the test substance induces chromosomal aberrations in cultured mammalian somatic cells. If neither of the above conditions are met, the test substance is considered as non-mutagenic in this system. - Statistics:
- The number of cells with at least one aberrant chromosome and the number of cells examined in each replicate were used for statistical analysis. The number of aberrant individual chromosomes per cell was not statistically analysed.
The results of the positive control group were compared to the appropriate vehicle control group by the Fisher Exact Test to assure that the assay was performed in an appropriate manner.
To test for homogeneity of the replicates, each pair of replicates was compared by Fisher Exact Test. Two times the sum of the log of the individual two-sided significance levels was compared to chi-square distribution with 2k degrees of freedom (k is the number of replicate pairs). If the test failed, further investigation would be pursued and the remaining analyses would not be performed.
To test for differences among the control and the treated groups, a 2x2-Fisher Exact Test was performed. If differences were shown to exist at the 0.05 level or less, individual 2x2-Fisher Tests were performed to determine which of the treated groups differed from the control group. A permutation test (Hoeffding, 1952) was performed to test for dose-related trends. Statistical analysis included the calculation of means for percent confluency, percent mitotic cells, percent aberrant cells, percent frequency of aberrations, and cell counts. Significance was reported when p < 0.05. - Key result
- Species / strain:
- Chinese hamster Ovary (CHO)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES: in the range-finder toxicity test, visual solubility observations were made 3 h after treatment. Cloudiness was evident at all concentrations with S9. Complete solubility was observed at concentrations ranging from 10 to 39 µg/mL without S9. Cloudiness was evident at concentrations of 78 µg/mL through 625 µg/mL without S9. Oil droplets were noted without metabolic activation at concentrations ≥ 1250 µg/mL. A notable decrease in confluency (≥ 50% reduction compared with vehicle controls) were observed at concentrations of 625 µg/mL and 1250 µg/mL with S9 and 2500 µg/mL without S9. Decreases in cell survival and mitotic index (MI) of ≥ 50% from the vehicle control were not observed in either the activated or non-activated series. Cell morphology was normal at all concentrations tested, however debris of undetermined origin was noted in activated flasks at concentrations ≥ 156 µg/mL and non-activated flasks ≥ 313 µg/mL. Based on these results, 25, 75, 250, 750 and 2500 µg/mL were selected as concentrations for the main chromosomal aberration assay.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY: in both experiments of the main study, there was no notable decrease in the percent confluency (≥ 50% reduction compared to the vehicle control) at any concentration with or without S9. Cell morphology was normal at all concentrations tested. Similarly, no notable decrease (≥ 50%) in MI values was noted for the test substance concentrations. - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1
Test Article: H2925 (CAS No. 68130-53-0), Lot# 2013090401
Tester Strain: E.coli EP2 uvrA
Treatment |
S9 |
CFU |
Mean |
Std. Dev. |
Std. Error of Mean |
Old Increase over Vehicle |
|||||
Acetone (Vehicle Control) |
+ |
63 |
50 |
51 |
48 |
43 |
52 |
51.3 |
6.5 |
2.7 |
|
5µl/plate |
+ |
49 |
61 |
61 |
|
57.0 |
6.9 |
4.0 |
1.1 |
||
1µl/plate |
+ |
47 |
65 |
54 |
55.32 |
9.1 |
5.2 |
1.1 |
|||
0.5µl/plate |
+ |
57 |
55 |
60 |
57.3 |
2.5 |
1.5 |
1.1 |
|||
0.1µl/plate |
+ |
47 |
54 |
61 |
54.0 |
7.0 |
4.0 |
1.1 |
|||
0.05µl/plate |
+ |
47 |
53 |
53 |
51.0 |
3.5 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
|||
10µg 2AA (Positive Control) |
+ |
132 |
131 |
166 |
152 |
121 |
134 |
141.0 |
14.7 |
6.0 |
2.7* |
Acetone (Vehicle control) |
- |
73 |
41 |
98 |
98 |
119 |
83 |
85.3 |
26.7 |
10.9 |
|
5µl/plate |
- |
49 |
107 |
38 |
|
64.7 |
37.1 |
21.4 |
0.8 |
||
1µl/plate |
- |
95 |
94 |
75 |
88.0 |
11.3 |
6.5 |
1.0 |
|||
0.5µl/plate |
- |
62 |
76 |
94 |
77.3 |
16.0 |
9.3 |
0.9 |
|||
0.1µl/plate |
- |
45 |
59 |
68 |
57.3 |
11.6 |
6.7 |
0.7 |
|||
0.05µl/plate |
- |
69 |
50 |
37 |
52.0 |
16.1 |
9.3 |
0.6 |
|||
2.5µl MMS (Positive Control) |
- |
238 |
440 |
421 |
394 |
368 |
338 |
366.5 |
72.7 |
29.7 |
4.3* |
*= 2-fold or more increase over Vehicle Control
Table 2
Test Article: H2925 (CAS No. 68130-53-0), Lot# 2013090401
Tester Strain: S. typh. TA-97a
Treatment |
S9 |
CFU |
Mean |
Std. Dev. |
Std. Error of Mean |
Old Increase over Vehicle |
|||||
Acetone (Vehicle Control) |
+ |
63 |
54 |
68 |
61 |
81 |
88 |
69.2 |
12.9 |
5.3 |
|
5µl/plate |
+ |
57 |
78 |
73 |
|
69.3 |
11.0 |
6.3 |
1.0 |
||
1µl/plate |
+ |
75 |
80 |
80 |
78.3 |
2.9 |
1.7 |
1.1 |
|||
0.5µl/plate |
+ |
72 |
71 |
77 |
73.3 |
3.2 |
1.9 |
1.1 |
|||
0.1µl/plate |
+ |
77 |
75 |
59 |
70.3 |
9.9 |
5.7 |
1.0 |
|||
0.05µl/plate |
+ |
75 |
65 |
53 |
64.3 |
11.0 |
6.4 |
0.9 |
|||
10µg 2AA (Positive Control) |
+ |
611 |
564 |
541 |
497 |
496 |
468 |
529.5 |
52.8 |
21.5 |
7.7* |
Acetone (Vehicle control) |
- |
40 |
52 |
46 |
58 |
63 |
56 |
52.5 |
8.4 |
3.4 |
|
5µl/plate |
- |
54 |
69 |
59 |
|
60.7 |
7.6 |
4.4 |
1.2 |
||
1µl/plate |
- |
57 |
59 |
65 |
60.3 |
4.2 |
2.4 |
1.1 |
|||
0.5µl/plate |
- |
56 |
57 |
82 |
68.3 |
13.1 |
7.5 |
1.3 |
|||
0.1µl/plate |
- |
69 |
58 |
65 |
64.0 |
5.6 |
3.2 |
1.2 |
|||
0.05µl/plate |
- |
66 |
69 |
47 |
60.7 |
11.9 |
6.9 |
1.2 |
|||
1µg ICR191 (Positive control) |
- |
1044 |
984 |
936 |
930 |
1091 |
1023 |
986.3 |
77.3 |
31.5 |
18.8* |
*= 2-fold or more increase over Vehicle Control
Table 3
Test Article: H2925 (CAS No. 68130-53-0), Lot# 2013090401
Tester Strain: S. typh. TA-1535
Treatment |
S9 |
CFU |
Mean |
Std. Dev. |
Std. Error of Mean |
Old Increase over Vehicle |
|||||
Acetone (Vehicle Control) |
+ |
10 |
8 |
10 |
13 |
12 |
9 |
10.3 |
1.9 |
0.8 |
|
5µl/plate |
+ |
9 |
16 |
11 |
|
12.0 |
3.6 |
2.1 |
1.2 |
||
1µl/plate |
+ |
5 |
10 |
9 |
8.0 |
2.6 |
1.5 |
0.8 |
|||
0.5µl/plate |
+ |
8 |
10 |
11 |
9.7 |
1.5 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
|||
0.1µl/plate |
+ |
10 |
11 |
14 |
11.7 |
2.1 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
|||
0.05µl/plate |
+ |
12 |
8 |
9 |
9.7 |
2.1 |
1.2 |
0.9 |
|||
10µg 2AA (Positive Control) |
+ |
47 |
44 |
36 |
44 |
48 |
52 |
45.2 |
5.4 |
2.2 |
4.4* |
Acetone (Vehicle control) |
- |
11 |
12 |
7 |
7 |
16 |
8 |
10.2 |
3.5 |
1.4 |
|
5µl/plate |
- |
17 |
14 |
13 |
|
14.7 |
2.1 |
1.2 |
1.4 |
||
1µl/plate |
- |
8 |
13 |
6 |
9.7 |
2.9 |
1.7 |
1.0 |
|||
0.5µl/plate |
- |
9 |
14 |
12 |
11.7 |
2.5 |
1.5 |
1.1 |
|||
0.1µl/plate |
- |
11 |
5 |
12 |
9.3 |
3.6 |
2.2 |
0.9 |
|||
0.05µl/plate |
- |
11 |
5 |
10 |
8.7 |
3.2 |
1.9 |
0.9 |
|||
1.5µg NaN3(Positive Control) |
- |
545 |
548 |
534 |
552 |
515 |
482 |
529.3 |
26.7 |
10.9 |
51.9* |
*= 2-fold or more increase over Vehicle Control
Table 3 + 4: Test results of experiment I.
Test item |
Concentration |
Mitotic Index |
Aberrant cells in % |
|
Experiment I |
in µg/mL |
in % |
with gaps |
without gaps |
Exposure period 4h, fixation time 20h, without S9 mix |
||||
control |
0 |
100 |
1 |
0 |
MMC |
0.4 |
35 |
53 |
37 |
Test substance |
240 |
98P |
0.5 |
0 |
320 |
110P |
0 |
0 |
|
400 |
91P |
0.5 |
0.5 |
|
Exposure period 4h, fixation time 20h, with S9 mix |
||||
control |
0 |
100 |
1 |
0.5 |
CP |
10 |
20 |
35.5 |
28.5 |
Test substance |
240 |
89P |
1.5 |
0 |
320 |
89P |
0.5 |
0 |
|
400 |
108P |
3.5 |
1 |
Test item |
Concentration |
Mitotic Index |
Aberrant cells in % |
|
Experiment II |
in µg/mL |
in % |
with gaps |
without gaps |
Exposure period + fixation time 24h, without S9 mix |
||||
control |
0 |
100 |
1.5 |
0 |
MMC |
0.4 |
41 |
70 |
67 |
Test substance |
240 |
61 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
320 |
53 |
0.5 |
0 |
|
400 |
83 |
0 |
0 |
|
Exposure period 4h, fixation time 20h, with S9 mix |
||||
control |
0 |
100 |
0.5 |
0 |
CP |
10 |
30 |
67 |
56 |
Test substance |
240 |
103 |
1 |
0 |
320 |
76 |
1 |
0 |
|
400 |
110 |
1.5 |
0.5 |
Table5 +6: Mean Frequency of Polyploid Cells (%)
Experiment I dose level µg/mL |
harvest time 24 hours |
|
4 hours without S9 |
4 hours with S9 |
|
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
240 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
320 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
400 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
MMC 0.4 |
0.0 |
NA |
CP 10 |
NA |
0.0 |
dose level µg/mL |
harvest time 24 hours |
|
24 hours without S9 |
4 hours with S9 |
|
0 |
0.5 |
0.0 |
240 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
320 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
400 |
0.0 |
0.5 |
MMC 0.4 |
0.0 |
NA |
CP 10 |
NA |
0.0 |
Table 1: Results of experiment 1
Dose (µg/ml) |
RSG (%) |
CE day2 (%) |
RS day2 (%) |
RTG (%) |
mutation frequency x 10E6 |
|
|
|
|
|
total |
Without metabolic activation, 3 h treatment |
|||||
SC1 |
100 |
104 |
100 |
100 |
74 |
SC2 |
85 |
97 |
|||
0.3 |
99 |
98 |
104 |
102 |
74 |
1 |
101 |
102 |
108 |
109 |
71 |
3 |
100 |
101 |
107 |
107 |
94 |
10 |
93 |
98 |
104 |
97 |
67 |
33 |
120 |
94 |
100 |
120 |
63 |
100 |
113 |
101 |
107 |
121 |
61 |
333* |
104 |
113 |
120 |
124 |
64 |
750* |
405 |
101 |
107 |
112 |
74 |
MMS |
71 |
68 |
72 |
51 |
835 |
With 8% (v/v) metabolic activation, 3 h treatment |
|||||
SC1 |
100 |
70 |
100 |
100 |
65 |
SC2 |
69 |
64 |
|||
0.3 |
96 |
60 |
86 |
83 |
74 |
1 |
115 |
68 |
98 |
113 |
60 |
3 |
109 |
40 |
57 |
62 |
84 |
10 |
127 |
72 |
104 |
132 |
52 |
33 |
114 |
46 |
66 |
75 |
84 |
100 |
122 |
76 |
108 |
133 |
63 |
333* |
115 |
62 |
89 |
102 |
72 |
750* |
104 |
58 |
84 |
87 |
53 |
CP |
50 |
32 |
45 |
22 |
1617 |
Table 2: Results of experiment 2
Dose (µg/ml) |
RSG (%) |
CE day2 (%) |
RS day2 (%) |
RTG (%) |
mutation frequency x 10E6 |
|
|
|
|
|
total |
Without metabolic activation, 24 h treatment |
|||||
SC1 |
100 |
66 |
100 |
100 |
90 |
SC2 |
79 |
75 |
|||
0.3 |
112 |
77 |
106 |
119 |
88 |
1 |
116 |
80 |
110 |
128 |
82 |
3 |
117 |
72 |
100 |
117 |
79 |
10 |
120 |
85 |
117 |
140 |
66 |
33 |
114 |
74 |
101 |
116 |
83 |
100 |
121 |
69 |
95 |
115 |
83 |
333* |
116 |
70 |
97 |
112 |
70 |
750* |
116 |
66 |
91 |
106 |
71 |
MMS |
101 |
49 |
67 |
68 |
1502 |
With 12% (v/v) metabolic activation, 3 h treatment |
|||||
SC1 |
100 |
93 |
100 |
100 |
80 |
SC2 |
93 |
76 |
|||
0.3 |
103 |
84 |
90 |
93 |
74 |
1 |
113 |
83 |
89 |
101 |
81 |
3 |
107 |
97 |
104 |
112 |
60 |
10 |
105 |
94 |
101 |
107 |
80 |
33 |
103 |
93 |
100 |
103 |
67 |
100 |
102 |
105 |
114 |
116 |
57 |
333* |
106 |
91 |
99 |
104 |
74 |
750* |
103 |
93 |
100 |
103 |
73 |
CP |
72 |
75 |
81 |
58 |
1082 |
RSG: Relative Suspension Growth; CE: Cloning efficiency; RS: Relative Survival; RTG: Relative Total Growth; SC: Solvent Control (DMSO); MMS: Methylmethansulfonate; CP: Cyclophosphamide
*: Precipitation of test substance
Experiment 1:
With or without S9-Mix |
Test substance concentration (μg/plate) |
Mean number of revertant colonies per plate (average of 3 plates) |
|||||
Base-pair substitution type |
Frameshift type |
||||||
TA 1535 |
TA1537 |
TA98 |
TA100
|
TA 1538 |
WP2uvrA |
||
- |
Vehicle |
12 |
4 |
17 |
111 |
5 |
21 |
|
10 |
3 |
4 |
15 |
115 |
6 |
16 |
|
33 |
5 |
5 |
19 |
113 |
6 |
11 |
- |
100 |
9 |
4 |
19 |
98 |
7 |
12 |
- |
333 |
7 |
5 |
11 |
116 |
4 |
10 |
- |
1000 |
8 |
6 |
21 |
120 |
7 |
13 |
Positive controls - S9 |
Name |
SA |
9AA |
2NF |
SA |
2NF |
MMS |
Concentrations (μg/plate) |
1.0 |
75 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1000 |
|
Number of colonies/plate |
241 |
40 |
105 |
377 |
179 |
143 |
|
+ |
Vehicle |
14 |
5 |
18 |
133 |
7 |
11 |
|
10 |
9 |
5 |
27 |
114 |
12 |
16 |
+ |
33 |
9 |
3 |
21 |
113 |
8 |
13 |
+ |
100 |
8 |
7 |
26 |
108 |
9 |
13 |
+ |
333 |
9 |
4 |
27 |
115 |
6 |
8 |
+ |
1000 |
10 |
5 |
17 |
111 |
9 |
13 |
Positive controls + S9 |
Name |
2AA |
2AA |
2AA |
2AA |
2AA |
2AA |
Concentrations (μg/plate) |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
10 |
|
Number of colonies/plate |
72 |
127 |
888 |
904 |
783 |
57 |
SA: Sodium azide
9AA : 9-Aminoacridine
MMS: Methylmethanesulfonate
2-AA: 2-Aminoanthracene
2NF: 2-Nitrofluorene
Experiment 2/3:
With or without S9-Mix |
Test substance concentration (μg/plate) |
Mean number of revertant colonies per plate (average of 3 plates) |
|||||
Base-pair substitution type |
Frameshift type |
||||||
TA 1535 |
TA1537 |
TA98 |
TA100
|
TA 1538 |
WP2uvrA |
||
- |
Vehicle |
14 |
10 |
23 |
126 |
11 |
27 |
|
10 |
7 |
13 |
16 |
117 |
7 |
27 |
|
33 |
9 |
15 |
23 |
124 |
8 |
19 |
- |
100 |
5 |
13 |
22 |
120 |
6 |
18 |
- |
333 |
12 |
9 |
17 |
110 |
11 |
16 |
- |
1000 |
8 |
14 |
17 |
125 |
5 |
21 |
Positive controls - S9 |
Name |
SA |
9AA |
2NF |
SA |
2NF |
MMS |
Concentrations (μg/plate) |
1.0 |
75 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1000 |
|
Number of colonies/plate |
429 |
757 |
125 |
601 |
221 |
195 |
|
+ |
Vehicle |
8 |
5 |
19 |
147 |
14 |
24 |
|
10 |
9 |
7 |
17 |
142 |
16 |
30 |
+ |
33 |
10 |
5 |
19 |
136 |
18 |
25 |
+ |
100 |
10 |
5 |
20 |
132 |
13 |
31 |
+ |
333 |
10 |
4 |
17 |
138 |
12 |
19 |
+ |
1000 |
10 |
7 |
19 |
125 |
12 |
19 |
Positive controls + S9 |
Name |
2AA |
2AA |
2AA |
2AA |
2AA |
2AA |
Concentrations (μg/plate) |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
10 |
|
Number of colonies/plate |
85 |
97 |
530 |
647 |
1041 |
88 |
SA: Sodium azide
9AA : 9-Aminoacridine
MMS: Methylmethanesulfonate
2-AA: 2-Aminoanthracene
2NF: 2-Nitrofluorene
Table 1: Chromosomal aberration – Summary
Treatment [µg/ml] |
S9 activation |
Treatment/ harvest time [h] |
Mitotic index |
Cells scored |
Aberrations/cell (mean±SD) |
Cells with aberrations [%] |
|
numerical |
structural |
||||||
Vehicle (Ethanol) |
- |
4/20 |
6.9 |
200 |
0.005±0.071 |
2.5 |
0.5 |
625 |
- |
4/20 |
5.9 |
200 |
0.000±0.000 |
2.0 |
0.0 |
1250 |
- |
4/20 |
5.9 |
200 |
0.025±0.186 |
4.0 |
2.0 |
2500 |
- |
4/20 |
6.5 |
200 |
0.025±0.186 |
2.5 |
2.0 |
5000 |
- |
4/20 |
4.4 |
200 |
0.000±0.000 |
0.5 |
0.0 |
MMC (0.08) |
- |
4/20 |
6.1 |
200 |
0.150±0.788 |
3.5 |
9.0* |
Vehicle (Ethanol) |
+ |
4/20 |
7.8 |
200 |
0.025±0.157 |
2.0 |
2.5 |
625 |
+ |
4/20 |
7.0 |
200 |
0.020±0.140 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
1250 |
+ |
4/20 |
6.9 |
200 |
0.035±0.184 |
3.0 |
3.5 |
2500 |
+ |
4/20 |
7.4 |
200 |
0.030±0.222 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
5000 |
+ |
4/20 |
7.7 |
200 |
0.010±0.100 |
2.5 |
1.0 |
CP (10) |
+ |
4/20 |
2.3 |
200 |
0.950±1.591 |
2.5 |
45.5* |
Vehicle (Ethanol) |
- |
20/20 |
7.6 |
200 |
0.020±0.140 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
625 |
- |
20/20 |
6.4 |
200 |
0.015±0.158 |
1.5 |
1.0 |
1250 |
- |
20/20 |
5.5 |
200 |
0.025±0.186 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2500 |
- |
20/20 |
6.0 |
200 |
0.025±0.157 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
5000 |
- |
20/20 |
6.2 |
200 |
0.020±0.172 |
2.0 |
1.5 |
MMC (0.08) |
- |
20/20 |
5.8 |
200 |
0.220±0.513 |
1.0 |
18.0* |
MMC = Mitomycine C
CP = Cyclophosphamide
* = p≤0.01; Fisher´s exact test
CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS
A) INITIAL ASSAY
There were no statistically significant differences or dose-related trends in the percentage of cells with chromosomal aberrations between the treated and the control groups either with or without metabolic activation. The percentage of aberrant cells in the vehicle control groups, with and without metabolic activation, was 2.5 and 1.0%, respectively. Both values fell within the 0 to 5% range of acceptance for the vehicle control. The percentage of aberrant cells in the treatment groups ranged from 2.0 to 3.0% for the metabolically activated series and from 0.5 to 3.0% in the non-activated series.
Table 1. Test results of the initial experiment
Test item |
Concentration in µg/mL |
Mitotix index in % of vehicle control |
Aberrant cells in % per 200 cells scored |
Frequency of abberations in % per 200 cells scored |
|
with gaps |
without gaps |
||||
Exposure period 3 h, fixation time 19 h, without S9 mix |
|||||
Acetone |
a |
100 |
1.0 |
1.5 |
1 |
MNNG |
0.6 |
26 |
12.0** |
5.0 |
12.5 |
Test substance |
75 |
77 |
0.5 |
2.5 |
0.5 |
750 |
80 |
3.0 |
1.0 |
3 |
|
2500 |
54 |
2.0 |
0.0 |
2 |
|
Exposure period 3h, fixation time 19 h, with S9 mix |
|||||
Acetone |
a |
100 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
3.0 |
DMBA |
10 |
59 |
19.0** |
5.0 |
26.0 |
Test substance |
25 |
112 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
250 |
100 |
2.5 |
1.5 |
2.5 |
|
2500 |
104 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
2.0 |
MNNG = 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine; DMBA = 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
a = concentration: 50 µL/flask; b = positive controls were not required for the 43 h harvest
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01
B) REPEAT ASSAY
There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the percentage of cells with chromosomal aberrations between the vehicle and the highest concentration (2500 µg/mL) in the 19 h harvest with metabolic activation. The permutation test for the 19 h harvest with metabolic activation also appears to be significant (p<0.01) indicating a dose-related trend in the percentage of cells with chromosomal aberrations. This increase in the percentage of aberrant cells does not appear to be biologically significant due to the fact that the percentage of aberrant cells fell within the acceptable range for the vehicle control (0-5%).
The percentage of aberrant cells in the vehicle control groups at both harvest intervals (with and without metabolic activation) was 2.5% or less. These values fell within the 0 to 5% range of acceptance for the vehicle control. The percentage of aberrant cells observed in the 19 h treated groups ranged from 1 to 3.0%. The percentage of aberrant cells observed in the 43 h treated groups ranged from 0.5% to 2.5%.
Table 2. Test results of the repeat experiment
Test item |
Concentration in µg/mL |
Mitotix index in % of vehicle control |
Aberrant cells in % per 200 cells scored |
Frequency of abberations in % per 200 cells scored |
|
with gaps |
without gaps |
||||
Exposure period 3 h, fixation time 19 h, without S9 mix |
|||||
Acetone |
a |
100 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
MNNG |
0.6 |
42 |
8.0** |
2.0 |
13.5 |
Test substance |
75 |
89 |
2.0 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
750 |
65 |
1.5 |
1.0 |
1.5 |
|
2500 |
82 |
1.5 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
|
Exposure period 3 h, fixation time 43 h, without S9 mix |
|||||
Acetone |
a |
100 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
MNNG |
0.6 |
b |
b |
b |
b |
Test substance |
75 |
105 |
0.5 |
1.0 |
0.5 |
750 |
95 |
0.5 |
1.5 |
0.5 |
|
2500 |
68 |
1.5 |
2.0 |
1.5 |
|
Exposure period 3 h, fixation time 19 h, with S9 mix |
|||||
Acetone |
a |
100 |
0.0 |
1.5 |
0.0 |
DMBA |
10 |
66 |
10.5** |
7.0 |
11.5 |
Test substance |
25 |
107 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
250 |
105 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
|
2500 |
60 |
3.0* # |
1.0 |
3.5 |
|
Exposure period 3 h, fixation time 43 h, with S9 mix |
|||||
Acetone |
a |
100 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
DMBA |
0.6 |
b |
b |
b |
b |
Test substance |
25 |
89 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
250 |
70 |
1.5 |
1.0 |
1.5 |
|
2500 |
68 |
2.0 |
0.0 |
2.0 |
MNNG = 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine; DMBA = 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
a = concentration: 50 µL/flask; b = positive controls were not required for the 43 h harvest
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (negative)
Genetic toxicity in vivo
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Additional information from genetic toxicity in vitro:
In an Ames test (OECD Guideline 471), under test conditions, test article H2925 (CAS No. 68130-53-0), Lot# 2013090401, did not have mutagenicity potential.
In an Ames Test with read-across substance, decanoic acid, ester with 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol octanoate (CAS 11138-60-6), was not mutagenic with or without metabolic activation. In an in vitro chromosome aberration test, the same read-across substance was not clastogenic in the CHO cell culture test system, with or without metabolic activation. Regardless of dose level (from 625 g/ml to as high as 5000 g/ml) and dosing regimen, the test substance was concluded to be negative for structural and numerical chromosome aberrations, with or without metabolic activation.
Two further in vitro chromosome aberration tests were conducted with read-across substances, CAS 189120-64-7 and CAS 403507-18-6; both substances provided negative results for structural and numerical chromosome aberrations, with or without metabolic activation.
An in vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test was conducted with the structural analogue substance with CAS No. 85186-89-6 (Fatty acids, C8-18 and C18-unsatd., esters with trimethylolpropane) according to OECD Guideline 476. Mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells were dosed with 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 33, 100, 333 and 750 µg/ml with and without metabolic activation. No signs of toxicity were observed, DMSO was used as vehicle, precipitation was observed at and above 100 µg/ml. There was no significant increase in the number of forward mutations at the thymidine kinase locus of L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells treated with the test material, indicated by the total number of colonies per plate.
Therefore, in conclusion, the test substance is considered to be non‑mutagenic.
Justification for selection of genetic toxicity endpoint
Klimisch 1 study.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the results of above studies with closely related structural analogues, the substance does not need to be classified according to the CLP Regulation (EC) 1272/2008.
A report justifying the read-across approach is included in IUCLID Chapter 13.
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