3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

From 2020-09-02 to 2020-09-17

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2020

Report date:

2020

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Version / remarks:

26 June 2020

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: EC Guideline No. 440/2008. Part B: Methods for the Determination of Toxicity and other health effects, Guideline B.13/14: "Mutagenicity: Reverse Mutation Test using Bacteria”.

Version / remarks:

Official Journal of the European Union No. L142, 31 May 2008.

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde

EC Number:

632-673-7

Cas Number:

26033-20-5

Molecular formula:

C10H8N2O

IUPAC Name:

3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde

Test material form:

solid: particulate/powder

Specific details on test material used for the study:

SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Batch (Lot) No.of test material: M19LD3723
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 2021-11-11 (retest date)
- Physical Description: Light yellow powder
- Purity test date: not indicated
- Purity: 103.6%


STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: At room temperature
- Stability under storage conditions: not indicated
- Stability under test conditions: not indicated
- Solubility and stability of the test substance in the vehicle: A solubility test was performed based on visual assessment. Analysis of test item in vehicle for stability were not performed.


FORM AS APPLIED IN THE TEST: liquid

OTHER SPECIFICS:
- Correction factor: 1.00

Method

Target gene:

Histidine locus (histidine-dependent S. typhimurium strains); Tryptophan locus (tryptophan-dependent E. coli strains)

Species / strain

Species / strain 1

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):

not applicable

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

not specified

Species / strain 2

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):

not applicable

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

not specified

Cytokinesis block (if used):

not applicable

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

Type and composition of metabolic activation system:
- source of S9 : Rat liver microsomal enzymes (S9 homogenate) were obtained from Trinova Biochem GmbH, Giessen, Germany and were prepared from male Sprague Dawley rats that had been injected intraperitoneally with Aroclor 1254 (500 mg/kg body weight).
- method of preparation of S9 mix : S9-mix was prepared immediately before use and kept refrigerated. S9-mix contained per 10 mL: 30 mg NADP and 15.2 mg glucose-6-phosphate in 5.5 mL Milli-Q water; 2 mL 0.5 M sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.4; 1 mL 0.08 M MgCl2 solution ; 1 mL 0.33 M KCl solution. The above solution was filter (0.22 μm)-sterilized. To 9.5 mL of S9-mix components 0.5 mL S9-fraction was added (5% (v/v) S9-fraction) to complete the S9-mix.
- concentration or volume of S9 mix and S9 in the final culture medium: 5% (v/v) S9-mix in the first experiment and 10% S9-mix (v/v) in the second experiment.
- quality controls of S9 (e.g., enzymatic activity, sterility, metabolic capability): Each S9 batch is characterized with the mutagens benzo-(a)-pyrene and 2-aminoanthracene, which require metabolic activation, in tester strain TA100 at concentrations of 5 μg/plate and 2.5 μg/plate, respectively.

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

The maximum final concentration for the dose range finding test was selected based on the solubility of the test item in DMSO (highest concentration recommended in OECD test guideline).

Dose-range finding test: 1.7, 5.4, 17, 52, 164, 512, 1600 and 5000 μg/plate in TA100 and WP2uvrA with and without 5% (v/v) S9-mix.

The top doses for the mutation experiments were selected based on the solubility of the test item observed in the dose range finding test.
Mutation experiment 1: 52, 164, 512, 1600, 2500 and 5000 μg/plate in TA1535, TA1537 and TA98 with and without 5% (v/v) S9-mix.
Mutation experiment 2: 275, 492, 878, 1568, 2800, 5000 μg/plate in all tester strains with and without 10% (v/v) S9-mix.
An additional experiment was performed with tester strain TA1535 in the absence of 5% (v/v) S9-mix to verify the results obtained.

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s) used: dimethyl sulfoxide (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany).

- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle:
The test item was observed to be insoluble in water at 50 mg/mL. The test item was observed to be soluble in DMSO at 50 mg/mL, a clear yellow solution was obtained. Based on these solubility findings, DMSO was selected as vehicle and 5000 µg/plate was selected as the maximum final concentration for the dose range finding test.

Controls

Controls 1

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

sodium azide

Remarks:

Without S9-mix; 5 μg/plate (TA1535)

Controls 2

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: ICR-191

Remarks:

Without S9-mix; 2.5 μg/plate (TA1537)

Controls 3

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

2-nitrofluorene

Remarks:

Without S9-mix; 10 μg/plate (TA98)

Controls 4

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

methylmethanesulfonate

Remarks:

Without S9-mix; 650 μg/plate (TA100)

Controls 5

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide

Remarks:

Without S9-mix; 10 μg/plate (WP2uvrA)

Controls 6

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-aminoanthracene

Remarks:

With S9-mix; 2.5 μg/plate (TA1535 at 5 and 10% S9; TA1537 at 5% S9), 5 μg/plate (TA153 7 at 10% S9), 1 μg/plate (TA98 at 5 and 10% S9; TA100 at 5% S9), 2 μg/plate (TA100 at 10% S9), 15 μ g/plate (WP2uvrA at 5 and 10% S9)

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS:
- Number of cultures per concentration (single, duplicate, triplicate): triplicate
- Number of independent experiments: 3

METHOD OF TREATMENT/ EXPOSURE:
- Test substance added; in agar (plate incorporation)
- Method: Top agar in top agar tubes was melted by heating to 45 ± 2°C. The following solutions were successively added to 3 mL molten top agar:
- 0.1 mL of a fresh bacterial culture (109 cells/mL) of one of the tester strains,
- 0.1 mL to 0.3 mL of a dilution of the test item in DMSO or Milli-Q water and
- either 0.5 mL S9-mix (in case of activation assays) or 0.5 mL 0.1 M phosphate buffer (in case of non-activation assays).
The ingredients were mixed on a Vortex and the content of the top agar tube was poured onto a selective agar plate. After solidification of the top agar, the plates were inverted and incubated in the dark at 37.0 ± 1.0 °C for 48 ± 4 h. After this period revertant colonies (histidine independent (His+) for Salmonella typhimurium bacteria and tryptophan independent (Trp+) for Escherichia coli) were counted.

- To verify the results obtained in tester strain TA1535 in the first and second mutation experiment, an additional experiment was performed. In the additional experiment, the test item was tested up to concentrations of 5000 µg/plate in tester strains TA1535 in the absence and presence of 5% (v/v) S9-mix.


TREATMENT AND HARVEST SCHEDULE:
- Exposure duration/duration of treatment: 48 ± 4 h

METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: reduction of the bacterial background lawn; increase in the size of the microcolonies; reduction of the revertant colonies

Rationale for test conditions:

Recommended test system in international guidelines (e.g. OECD, EC).

Evaluation criteria:

In addition to the criteria stated below, any increase in the total number of revertants should be evaluated for its biological relevance including a comparison of the results with the historical control data range.
A test item is considered negative (not mutagenic) in the test if:
a) The total number of revertants in the tester strain TA100 or WP2uvrA is not greater than two times the concurrent vehicle control, and the total number of revertants in tester strains TA1535, TA1537 or TA98 is not greater than three times the concurrent vehicle control.
b) The negative response should be reproducible in at least one follow-up experiment.

A test item is considered positive (mutagenic) in the test if:
a) The total number of revertants in the tester strain TA100 or WP2uvrA is greater than two times the concurrent vehicle control, or the total number of revertants in tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 is greater than three times the concurrent vehicle control.
b) A concentration related effect is observed.
c) In case a follow up experiment is performed when a positive response is observed in one of the tester strains, the positive response should be reproducible in at least one follow up experiment.

Statistics:

not indicated

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Key result

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not applicable

True negative controls validity:

not applicable

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not applicable

True negative controls validity:

not applicable

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 3

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 98

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not applicable

True negative controls validity:

not applicable

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 4

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1537

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not applicable

True negative controls validity:

not applicable

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 5

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

positive

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not applicable

True negative controls validity:

not applicable

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Water solubility: The test item was observed to be insoluble in water at 50 mg/mL.

RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES: The test item was tested in the tester strains TA100 and WP2uvrA at concentrations of 1.7, 5.4, 17, 52, 164, 512, 1600 and 5000 μg/plate in the absence and presence of S9-mix.
Based on the results of the dose-range finding test, the following dose-range was selected for the first mutation experiment with the tester strains, TA1535, TA1537 and TA98 in the absence and presence of S9-mix: 52, 164, 512, 1600, 2500 and 5000 μg/plate.


STUDY RESULTS
- Concurrent vehicle negative and positive control data: The negative control values were within the laboratory historical control data ranges, except the response for TA100 in the absence of S9-mix, first experiment. However, since the mean number of revertant colonies showed a characteristic number of revertant colonies (58 revertant colonies) when compared against relevant historical control data (61 revertant colonies), the validity of the test was considered to be not affected. The strain-specific positive control values were within the laboratory historical control data ranges indicating that the test conditions were adequate and that the metabolic activation system functioned properly.


- Precipitate:
- Mutation Experiment 1: Precipitation of the test item on the plates was not observed in any tester strain.
- Mutation Experiment 2: Precipitation of the test item on the plates was not observed in any tester strain.
- Mutation Experiment 3: Precipitation of the test item on the plates was not observed in any tester strain.

- Signs of toxicity:
- Mutation Experiment 1: Cytotoxicity, as evidenced by a decrease in the number of revertants, was
observed in all tester strains, except in tester strains WP2uvrA (presence of S9-mix), TA1535
(presence of S9-mix) and TA1537 (absence of S9-mix).

- Mutation Experiment 2: Cytotoxicity, as evidenced by a decrease in the number of revertants
and/or a reduction of the bacterial background lawn, was observed in all tester strains in the
absence and presence of S9-mix, except in tester strains TA1535 and WP2uvrA.

- Mutation Experiment 3: No reduction of the bacterial background lawn and no biologically relevant
decrease in the number of revertants was observed.

- Mutagenicity:
- Mutation Experiment 1: In tester strain TA1535, dose-related increases in the number of revertants were observed in the presence of S9-mix. The increases observed were up to 3.3-fold the concurrent solvent control.
- Mutation Experiment 2: In tester strain TA1535, dose-related increases in the number of revertants were observed in the absence and presence of S9-mix. The increases observed were up to 4.2-fold and 4.0-fold the concurrent solvent control, respectively without and with S9-mix.
- Mutation Experiment 3: In tester strain TA1535, dose-related increases in the number of revertants were observed in the absence and presence of S9-mix. The increases observed were up to 2.8-fold and 2.9-fold the concurrent solvent control, respectively without and with S9-mix.

- Discussion:
In the first and second experiments, the test item induced increases in the number of revertant colonies compared to the solvent control in tester strains TA1535 in the absence and presence of S9-mix. Although the increases in tester strain TA1535 in the absence of metabolic activation (experiment 2) and in the presence of metabolic activation (experiments 1 and 2)were within the laboratory historical control data range, the responses were dose-related and more than three-fold the concurrent control. Based on these observations, the increases were considered biologically relevant.
In the third experiment, in tester strain TA1535, dose-related increases in the number of revertants were observed in the presence and absence of S9-mix. The increases observed were up to 2.9-fold. Furthermore, the increase observed in tester strain TA1535 in the presence of S9-mix was higher than the historical negative control range. Although the threshold of 3-fold the solvent control was not reached, these borderline results (2.8 and 2.9-fold the concurrent solvent controls without and with metabolic activation, respectively) are concordant with the positive results from the first two experiments.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

In conclusion, based on the results of the study it is concluded that JNJ-39125190-AAA (T003897) is mutagenic in the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay and not mutagenic in the Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay.