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EC number: 860-695-9 | CAS number: 88247-41-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- effects on growth of green algae
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 17 - 20 May 2021
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 021
- Report date:
- 2021
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- March 23, 2006
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: "Algal Growth Inhibition Test" stipulated in the "Testing Methods for New Chemical Substances" of Japanese Chemical Substances Control Law
- Version / remarks:
- March 31, 2011
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD Guidance Document No. 23 (second edition), "Guidance Document on Aqueous-phase Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Test Chemicals"
- Version / remarks:
- February 2019
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)formamide
- EC Number:
- 860-695-9
- Cas Number:
- 88247-41-0
- Molecular formula:
- C17H35NO
- IUPAC Name:
- N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)formamide
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: Control, 2.56, 6.40, 16.0, 40.0, 100% of stock solution content
- Sampling method: Approximately 10 mL of every test concentration were sampled from another solution from the preparation container at the start. Approximately 100 mL from all test concentrations were sampled from each test vessel at 24, and 48 hours after start of the exposure. Approximately 12 mL were sampled at the end of exposure from all concentrations.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Test sample (0.100 g) and OECD medium (1000 mL) were mixed to prepare 100 mg/L nominal concentration, the solution was gently stirred for 48 hours. A second batch was prepared in exactly the same manner. After stirring, the solution was settled for 1 hour, the middle layer was collected as the stock solution. The stock solution was accordingly diluted to prepare the test solution.
- Controls: The test medium without test item, which was treated in the same manner as the stock solution (taking out of middle layer was not conducted)
- Test concentration separation factor: a geometric series with a factor of 2.5
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): All test solutions were colorless and clear at the beginning of the study
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green algae
- Strain: ATCC 22662
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): American Type Culture Collection (supplied on June 30, 1995)
- Method of cultivation: Passage cultured under sterile conditions in the test facility
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: The used algae cells originated from a culture maintained at the test facility
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- 22.3 - 22.6 °C
- pH:
- 7.8 - 9.5
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - Nominal: Control, 2.56, 6.40, 16.0, 40.0, 100% of stock solution content
- Measured (start): < LOQ, 0.0248, 0.103, 0.238, 0.455, 1.23 mg/L
- Measured (24 hours): < LOQ, 0.00867, 0.030, 0.111, 0.326, 0.994 mg/L
- Measured (48 hours): < LOQ, 0.00758, 0.0222, 0.102, 0.308, 0.929 mg/L
- Measured (end): < LOQ, 0.0176, 0.0598, 0.142, 0.359, 1.06 mg/L
- Measured (time-weighted mean): < LOQ, 0.0117, 0.0410, 0.131, 0.345, 1.02 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask (closed) placed in incubator with temperature and light control under continous shaking
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 mL
- Aeration: No
- Initial cells density: 0.5 x 10^4 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 37 x 10^4 cells/mL (mean of six replicates)
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3 (one additional replicate for analytical determination of the test item was set for 24, 48 hours)
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6 (one additional replicate for measuring the background was set for control)
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes, OECD medium
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: OECD medium
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Photoperiod: continous illumination
- Light intensity and quality: 89 µmol/m2 x s, 400 - 700 nm
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: biomass (cell concentration) was determined by an electronic particle counter every 24 hours after start of the exposure. The pH at start and end of the exposure. In the beginning the pH was measured in another solution sampled separately from the preparation container. Temperature and light intensity were measured at the start of the exposure and every 24-hours thereafter in the incubator.
- Other: Blank correction was conducted by measuring the value of blank solution of test vessel prepared for background
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: a geometric series with a fcator of 2.5
- Range finding study: yes
- Test concentrations: 0.3, 1.0, 10, 100% of a stock solution with a nominal conecntration of 100 mg/L (1.34 mg/L measured arithmetic mean)
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Growth inhibition rate based on growth rate (0-3 d): 0.79, -0.24, -6.0, 58%, respectively
CULTURING APPARATUS
-Details on culturing apparatus used: Incubator with temperature and light control - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- An algal growth inhibition study with the reference substance potassium dichromate is periodically conducted. The latest date of testing was March 1, 2021.
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1.02 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.131 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Unusual cell shape: In the 1.02 mg/L test concentration many thin and small cells were observed (cell miniaturization) - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - EC50: 1.1 mg/L based on growth rate
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- In order to determine the NOEC for growth rate, first a Bartlett's test on variance homogeneity was run followed by a Step-down Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1. Cell counts
Measured concentration (mg/L)* |
Cell concentration (x 10^4 cells/mL) |
|||
0 hours |
24 hours |
48 hours |
72 hours |
|
Control |
0.50 |
2.7 |
12 |
36 |
0.50 |
2.7 |
13 |
37 |
|
0.50 |
2.4 |
12 |
37 |
|
0.50 |
2.5 |
12 |
36 |
|
0.50 |
2.7 |
12 |
37 |
|
0.50 |
2.8 |
12 |
36 |
|
Mean |
0.50 |
2.7 |
12 |
37 |
0.0117 |
0.50 |
2.9 |
13 |
38 |
0.50 |
2.7 |
13 |
36 |
|
0.50 |
2.7 |
13 |
35 |
|
Mean |
0.50 |
2.8 |
13 |
36 |
0.0410 |
0.50 |
2.8 |
13 |
36 |
0.50 |
2.9 |
14 |
37 |
|
0.50 |
2.6 |
13 |
37 |
|
Mean |
0.50 |
2.8 |
13 |
37 |
0.131 |
0.50 |
2.5 |
12 |
31 |
0.50 |
2.7 |
13 |
38 |
|
0.50 |
2.4 |
11 |
32 |
|
Mean |
0.50 |
2.5 |
12 |
34 |
0.345 |
0.50 |
2.1 |
8.3 |
27 |
0.50 |
2.1 |
7.8 |
23 |
|
0.50 |
1.9 |
7 |
23 |
|
Mean |
0.50 |
2.0 |
7.7 |
24 |
1.02 |
0.50 |
0.96 |
2.3 |
6.3 |
0.50 |
1.1 |
3 |
6.3 |
|
0.50 |
0.99 |
2 |
5.9 |
|
Mean |
0.50 |
1.0 |
2.5 |
6.1 |
* = time-weighted average
Table 2. Growth rate and Growth inhibition rate
Measured concentration (mg/L)* |
Growth rate (0-3d) |
Growth inhibition rate (%) |
Statistical results |
Control |
1.43 |
- |
- |
1.43 |
- |
- |
|
1.43 |
- |
- |
|
1.43 |
- |
- |
|
1.43 |
- |
- |
|
1.43 |
- |
- |
|
Mean |
1.43 |
- |
- |
0.0117 |
1.44 |
-0.93 |
n.s. |
1.42 |
0.55 |
||
1.41 |
1.2 |
||
Mean |
1.43 |
0.27 |
|
0.0410 |
1.43 |
0.12 |
n.s. |
1.43 |
0.017 |
||
1.43 |
-0.050 |
||
Mean |
1.43 |
0.028 |
|
0.131 |
1.38 |
3.6 |
n.s. |
1.44 |
-0.67 |
||
1.39 |
3.2 |
||
Mean |
1.40 |
2.0 |
|
0.345 |
1.33 |
7.1 |
** |
1.28 |
11 |
||
1.27 |
11 |
||
Mean |
1.29 |
9.6 |
|
1.02 |
0.843 |
41 |
** |
0.843 |
41 |
||
0.821 |
43 |
||
Mean |
0.836 |
42 |
* = time-weighted average; n.s. = not significant difference; ** = significant difference (p<0.01) (Step-down Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test
Table 3. Validity criteria OECD 201.
Criterion from the guideline |
Outcome |
Validity criterion fulfilled |
The biomass in the control cultures should have increased exponentially by a factor of at least 16 within the 72-hour test period. |
Increase of a factor of 73 |
Yes |
The mean coefficient of variation for section-by-section specific growth rates (days 0-1, 1-2 and 2-3, for 72-hour tests) in the control cultures must not exceed 35% |
The mean coefficient of variation for section-by-section specific growth rates = 20.86% |
Yes |
The coefficient of variation of average specific growth rates during the whole test period in replicate control cultures must not exceed 7% in tests with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Desmodesmus subspicatus. For other less frequently tested species, the value should not exceed 10%. |
The coefficient of variation of average specific growth rates = 0.34% |
Yes |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- See Table 3 in 'any other remarks on results incl. tables'
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