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EC number: 472-110-0 | CAS number: 71868-15-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2019-10-14 - 2019-10-18 (experimental phase)
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals No. 201, adopted 23. Mar. 2006, Annex 5 corrected: 28 July 2011 “Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test”
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- but not affecting the validity or integrity of the study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- Commission Regulation (EU) No. 2016/266 amending Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008, Annex IV, Method C.3: “FRESHWATER ALGAE AND CYANOBACTERIA, GROWTH INHIBITION TEST,” adopted 07. December 2015
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- but not affecting the validity or integrity of the study
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- The test item was stored in the test facility in a closed vessel in a fridge at 2.5 – 8.3 °C, away from light and humidity.
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 0 / 1 / 3.2 / 10 / 32 / 100 mg/L (nominal)
- Miscellaneous: On each sampling day, validity of calibration was controlled by measuring QC samples (1 mg/L). Before the first measurement at the start of the test, a new calibration was performed. - Vehicle:
- no
- Remarks:
- test medium was used
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
A saturated solution was prepared for the test. This was done by weighing the real load of 100.0 mg/L, adding the corresponding amount of algal medium (demineralised water enriched with minerals but without algae) and shaking vigorously for 24 hours. The resulting solution was filtrated through 0.45 µm PTFE filters and the filtrate was used as test medium of the highest test concentration of nominal 100 mg/L. The lower treatments (1.0 / 3.2 / 10 / 32 mg/L nominal) were prepared by dilution of this filtrate with algal medium.
- Controls: algal medium / potassium dichromate
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): none - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Unicellular freshwater green alga
- Strain: Desmodesmus subspicatus, SAG Strain Number 86.81
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): The culture of Desmodesmus subspicatus was obtained in January 2016 by MBM Sci-encebridge GmbH (Institut für Pflanzenphysiologie of Universität Göttingen). The algae are kept as stock culture on solid agar at 2 - 8 °C. From the stock culture, a permanent culture was prepared. From an aliquot of the permanent culture, the pre-culture was prepared.
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): For the pre-culture an aliquot of the permanent culture was brought into nutrient medium and incubated under continuous lighting for 96 hours under test conditions. The resulting culture grew exponentially.
Before usage, the 5 days old pre-culture was checked for the absence of cell aggregates and the cell number of the culture was determined. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- none
- Test temperature:
- 20.4 – 22.8 °C
- pH:
- 7.4 - 8.4
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0 / 1.0 / 3.2 / 10 / 32 / 100 mg/L
Measured, t=0h: n.d. / 0.32 / 0.83 / 2.62 / 7.55 / 25.02 mg/L
Measured, t=72h: n.d. / 0.21 / 0.52 / 1.33 / 4.05 / 12.53 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: glass flasks
- Type (delete if not applicable): open, covered with perforated plastic foil acting as a stopper
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass flasks total volume 65 mL, filled with 45 ±1 mL
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): none
- Initial cells density: 2300 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 425073 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3 replicates for each treatment
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6 replicates for the blank control
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): n/a
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: Yes, the algal medium corresponds to the OECD TG 201 medium.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: continuous
- Light intensity and quality: 4440 - 8880 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: electronic particle counter
- Other: pH; appearance of the algae
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
The concentrations to be tested are based on non GLP pre-tests. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate K2Cr2O7 (CAS No. 7778-50-9) was used as positive control in a separate reference test.
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.26 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- < 0.26 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks:
- yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.65 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- < 0.26 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks:
- yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 4.25 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.26 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks:
- yield
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 8.95 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.11 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks:
- yield
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): none
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: none - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes, the 72h-EC50 values of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7, CAS No. 7778-50-9) laid within the range of the laboratory (growth rate 0.65 - 1.10 mg/L, yield 0.21 – 0.66 mg/L).
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Calculation of results was performed with the help of validated software (Microsoft Excel®). The estimation of the biological data was accomplished using the software ToxRat® Professional, version 3.3.0.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- - NOEC (Growth Rate) 72 h: 0.26 mg/L
- NOEC (Yield) 72 h: <0.26 mg/L
- LOEC (Growth Rate) 72 h: 0.65mg/L
- LOEC (Yield) 72 h: ≤0.26 mg/L
- 72h ErC10: 4.25 mg/L
- 72h EyC10: 0.26 mg/L
- 72h ErC50: 8.95 mg/L
- 72h EyC50: 2.11 mg/L - Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the toxicity of the test substance to green alga (Desmodesmus subspicatus, SAG Strain Number 86.81) according to OECD Guideline 201 and EU Method C.3, in compliance with GLP. One valid experiment was performed using 5 concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 100 mg/L (nominal). Due to the poor water solubility of the substance, a saturated solution was prepared at the highest concentration by direct weighting, prolonged stirring and subsequent filtration according to OECD Guidance Document No. 23. The lower treatments were prepared by dilution of this filtrate with test water. The incubation time was 72 h. The cell concentration of each replicate was determined by measuring cell numbers every 24 h with an electronic particle counter. Growth rate µ and yield were determined from the cell number at the respective observation times. At the beginning and end of the study, test substance concentrations were verified using HPLC-UV.
At all concentrations (except 1.0 mg/L (nominal) for growth rate), significant inhibition of algal growth was observed. Test substance concentrations determined at the start of the study ranged from 24 to 32% of nominal values. At the end of the study, the determined concentrations ranged from 13 to 21 % of nominal values. Therefore, the results were based on geometric mean of the measured concentrations. The 72 h EC50 values of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7, CAS No.7778-50-9) were determined in a separate reference test. The values lay within the range of the laboratory (growth rate 0.65 - 1.10 mg/L, yield 0.21 – 0.66 mg/L).
The following results were determined:
Endpoint
NOEC
LOEC
EC10
EC50
Growth Rate
0.26 mg/L
0.65mg/L
4.25 mg/L
8.95 mg/L
Yield
< 0.26 mg/L
≤ 0.26 mg/L
0.26 mg/L
2.11 mg/L
Reference
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 8.95 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 0.26 mg/L
Additional information
A study was conducted to determine the toxicity of the test substance to green alga (Desmodesmus subspicatus, SAG Strain Number 86.81) according to OECD Guideline 201 and EU Method C.3, in compliance with GLP. One valid experiment was performed using 5 concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 100 mg/L (nominal). Due to the poor water solubility of the substance, a saturated solution was prepared at the highest concentration by direct weighting, prolonged stirring and subsequent filtration according to OECD Guidance Document No. 23. The lower treatments were prepared by dilution of this filtrate with test water. The incubation time was 72 h. The cell concentration of each replicate was determined by measuring cell numbers every 24 h with an electronic particle counter. Growth rate µ and yield were determined from the cell number at the respective observation times. At the beginning and end of the study, test substance concentrations were verified using HPLC-UV.
At all concentrations (except 1.0 mg/L (nominal) for growth rate), significant inhibition of algal growth was observed. Test substance concentrations determined at the start of the study ranged from 24 to 32% of nominal values. At the end of the study, the determined concentrations ranged from 13 to 21 % of nominal values. Therefore, the results were based on geometric mean of the measured concentrations. The 72 h EC50 values of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7, CAS No.7778-50-9) were determined in a separate reference test. The values lay within the range of the laboratory (growth rate 0.65 - 1.10 mg/L, yield 0.21 – 0.66 mg/L).
The following results were determined:
Endpoint |
NOEC |
LOEC |
EC10 |
EC50 |
Growth Rate |
0.26 mg/L |
0.65mg/L |
4.25 mg/L |
8.95 mg/L |
Yield |
< 0.26 mg/L |
≤ 0.26 mg/L |
0.26 mg/L |
2.11 mg/L |
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