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EC number: 204-854-7 | CAS number: 127-65-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1988
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The test is described with little detail and therefore it cannot be judged if the test complies with current guidelines.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- study was performed according to methods described by the committee on Methods for Toxicity Tests with Aquatic Organisms (1975), ASTM Committee E-35 on Pesticides (1980) and U.S. Department of Agriculture (1986). E729-80
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)
- Test type:
- other: static and flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- soft, hard and very hard
- Test temperature:
- 7, 12, 17C
- pH:
- 6.5- 9.5
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 12, 36 & 60 mg/L
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
LC50 96h Soft water at 12 °C under static conditions:
- Rainbow trout: 2.8 (2.41-326) mg/L
- Fathead minnow: 7.30 (6.71-7.94) mg/L
- Channel catfish: 3.75 (3.30-4.26) mg/L
Reconstituted water 12 °C:
- Rainbow trout; flow throughExperiment 1: 30.0 (27.6-32.6) mg/l
Experiment 2: 23.0 (20.2-26.2) mg/l
- Rainbow trout; static
Experiment 1: 4.60 (4.14-5.11) mg/lExperiment 2: 7.00(6.44 -7.61) mg/l
The 96h LC50 of Chloramine-T was determined in three species of fish. For two of these species (rainbow trout and channel catfish) different circumstances were tested: differences in temperature, pH, water hardness, fish loading, fecal material content and feed concentration.
It was found that the chemical was more toxic in warm water. Temperature affected the time of the response rather then the ultimate toxicity of Chloramine-T; the 96h LC50's did not differ significantly. Only a slight effect was seen for changes in water hardness. Decrease in pH significantly increased the toxicity of Chloramine-T. The 96h LC50's were 1.89 or 1.75 mg/L at pH 6.5 and 10.8 or 12.3 mg/L at pH 9.5 for rainbow trout or channel catfish, respectively.
Rainbow trout exposed to Chloramine-T under flow through conditions was much more resistant than fish exposed under static conditions. It was assumed that more chlorine is released under static conditions.
Fish loading did not affect the toxicity of Chloramine-T. Increased concentrations of fish feed and fecal material reduced the toxicity of Chloramine-T. The increase of oxidizable materials in the test solutions will reduce the effective concentration.- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The lowest 96h-LC50 found was in soft water at 12 °C under static conditions for Rainbow trout: 2.8 (2.41-326) mg/L
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1993
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Despite the lack of details and the fact that it is not possible to evaluate the validity criteria according to the current guidelines, the study was performed according to procedure from the Committee on Methods for Toxicity Tests with Aquatic organisms (1975) and ASTM Committee E-35 on pesticides (1980) and then can be estimated to be valid for the purpose of evaluating sensitivity of juvenile striped bass to chloramine-T. The results presented enable to evaluate chloramine-T toxicity to juvenile striped bass, showing that this species is not the most sensitive one (lower LC50 were obtained with rainbow trout). Influence of water parameters on toxicity can also be evaluated and the results are in good agreement with results obtained elsewhere (Cross 1973 and Bills 1988)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: static toxicity test performed under procedures described by the Committee on Methods for Toxicity Tests with Aquatic organisms (1975) and ASTM Committee E-35 on pesticides (1980)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- 10 juvenile (1g) striped bass were exposed to chloramine-T in glass jar containing 15 L of oxygen saturated test water. In addition influence of pH, hardness and temperature on the toxicity of chloramine-T was evaluated.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- No information
- Test organisms (species):
- Morone saxatilis
- Details on test organisms:
- - Species/strain: Striped bass (Morone saxatilis)
- Source: Welaka (Florida) national fish hatchery Genoa (Wisconsin) national fish hatchery
- Wild caught: No
- Age/size: Juvenile (average weight 1 g)
- Kind of food: No information
- Amount of food: No information
- Feeding frequency: No information
- Pretreatment: Acclimation period of 24 hr to the water chemistry before exposure - Test type:
- static
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- Soft water: 40-48 mg/L CaCO3 (used for the standard toxicity test)
Hard water: 160-180 mg/L CaCO3
Very hard water: 280-320 mg/L CaCO3 - Test temperature:
- 12 °C
17 and 22°C were also tested to evaluate influence of the temperature on toxicity. - pH:
- 7.5 (for standard tests)
6.5, 8.2, 8.5 and 9.5 used in various tests performed to evaluate influence of the water characteristics on the toxicity
Actual pH values during test not reported - Dissolved oxygen:
- Saturation level. Actual values during test not reported
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- No information
- Details on test conditions:
- - Volume of test vessels: 15 L
- Volume/animal: 1.5L
- Number of animals/vessel: 10
- Number of vessels/ concentration: No information - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 6.3 - 6.65 mg/L
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- No information
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Influence of water characteristics (temperature, hardness and pH) on sensitivity of juvenile striped bass to chloramine-T was evaluated with fish coming from the location.
Temperature (°C)
Hardness (mg/L CaCO3)
pH
LC50 (mg/L) and 95% C.I.
24h
96h
12
Soft (40-48)
7.5
14.4
11.7-17.7
6.30
5.77-6.88
17
Soft (40-48)
7.5
14.5
11.8-17.8
9.70
8.70-10.8
22
Soft (40-48)
7.5
9.20
8.23-10.3
8.20
7.18-9.36
12
Very soft (10-13)
8.2
40.0
30.7-52.2
20.0
16.0-25.0
12
Soft (40-48)
8.2
73.0
68.5-77.8
27.8
22.7-34.1
12
Hard (160-180)
8.2
64.0
58.4-70.2
27.6
22.6-33.8
12
Very hard (280-320)
8.2
57.0
53.3-61.0
27.5
22.5-33.6
12
Soft (40-48)
6.5
4.90
4.48 -5.35
2.8
2.42-3.24
12
Soft (40-48)
8.5
>80.0
31.5
27.2-36.4
12
Soft (40-48)
9.5
>80.0
52.0
47.9-56.5
Results show that water hardness does not influence chloramine-T toxicity to juvenile striped bass, but toxicity increases with decreasing pH.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Despite the lack of details and the fact that it is not possible to evaluate the validity criteria according to the current guidelines, the study was performed according to procedure from the Committee on Methods for Toxicity Tests with Aquatic organisms (1975) and ASTM Committee E-35 on pesticides (1980) and then can be estimated to be valid for the purpose of evaluating sensitivity of juvenile striped bass to Tosylchloramide sodium.
The results presented enable to evaluate Tosylchloramide sodium toxicity to juvenile striped bass, showing that this specie is not the most sensitive one (lower LC50 were obtained with rainbow trout).
Influence of water parameters on toxicity can also be evaluated and the results are in good agreement with results obtained elsewhere (Cross 1973 and Bills 1988). - Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1981
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Only a summary of the test results is available. Therefore validity cannot be assessed.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: NEN 6504, which is fully comparable to OECD 203
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Poecilia reticulata
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 12 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 31 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- According to the Alabaster and Abram method (1965)
Alabaster J.S, Abram F.S.H, 1965, Estimating the toxicity of pesticides to fish, Pestic. Abstr., sect C 11, 91-97
Tests with 2 different fish species were performed:
1 - 10 harlequin fish were placed in 500 ml flasks and exposed to serial chloramine-T dilution. The test solutions were replaced automatically with freshly prepared dilution at a rate of 100 ml each 10 min. Number of surviving fish was recorded at intervals.
2 - 10 roach fish (8-10 cm length, 1-2 year) were placed in 40 L aquaria and exposed to chloramine-T under constant flow conditions with a replacement time of 160 min. Number of surviving fish was recorded. - GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Harlequin fish (Rasbora heteromorpha) and Roach (Rutilus rutilus)
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 30 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: at neutral pH in soft water and 20 °C
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Mortality data is not reported, only the 24 hr, 48 hr and 1 week LC5 and LC50 are reported at various pH in soft water at 20ºC for R. heteromorpha.
Test results show that chloramine-T toxicity to harlequin fish is less in hard than soft water and toxicity is less in alkaline than acidic waters.
pH 6.5: 18/35 (soft/hard water)
pH 7.7: 70/82 (soft/hard water)- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- Influence of pH and water hardness on Tosylchloramide sodium toxicity toward harlequin fish was evaluated. The results demonstrate that Tosylchloramide sodium is more toxic in soft water than in hard water and is more toxic in acidic than in alkaline water.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
Multiple studies with multiple fish species are available for the substance and also for its first transformation product p-TSA.
LC50 values ranging 2.8 - 82 mg/L for Chloramine T, the lowest value for rainbow trout.
For p-TSA data have been included which indicate p-TSA has a lower toxicity to fish than Chloramide T.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
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