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EC number: 200-309-2 | CAS number: 57-06-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
The main effects observed in short-term toxicity studies in rats and mice, dosed by gavage, were a thickened mucosal surface of the stomach, adhesion of the stomach to the peritoneum and a thickened urinary bladder wall (the latter change being mainly observed in the males of both species). This indicates that AITC has irritant effects on these tissues. The No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Levels (NOAELs) from short-term and subchronic toxicity studies in rats and mice which received AITC by gavage were in the range of 10 to 25 mg/kg bw/day. The NOAELs identified in subchronic toxicity studies were mainly based on the effects on kidney, stomach and urinary bladder observed at higher doses.
(EFSA, 2010)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Repeated dose toxicity: via oral route - systemic effects
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- sub-chronic toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1982
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Thirteen-week studies were conducted to evaluate the cumulative toxicity of allyl isothiocyanate and to determine the doses to be used in the chronic studies.
Groups of 10 rats and mice of each sex received 1.5, 3, 6, 12, or 25 mg/ kg allyl isothiocyanate by gavage 5 days per week for 13 weeks. Vehicle controls received corn oil alone. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- other: rat and mouse
- Strain:
- other: F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice
- Sex:
- male/female
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- corn oil
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 13 weeks
- Dose / conc.:
- 1.5 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Remarks:
- 5 days per week
- Dose / conc.:
- 3 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Remarks:
- 5 days per week
- Dose / conc.:
- 6 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Remarks:
- 5 days per week
- Dose / conc.:
- 12 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Remarks:
- 5 days per week
- Dose / conc.:
- 25 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Remarks:
- 5 days per week
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Groups of F344/N rats: 10 animals/sex/group
Groups of B6C3F1 mice: 10 animals/sex/group - Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- Animals were observed twice daily for mortality, morbidity and clinical signs of toxicity.
- Sacrifice and pathology:
- On days 92 to 96, all animals were killed and a necroscopy carried out.
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Remarks:
- rats
- Effect level:
- 25 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- body weight and weight gain
- gross pathology
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Remarks:
- mice
- Effect level:
- 25 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- body weight and weight gain
- gross pathology
- Critical effects observed:
- no
- Conclusions:
- No gross or microscopic lesions were seen at the highest dose level (25 mg/kg) in the 13-week study.
- Endpoint:
- chronic toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1982
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Groups of 50 rats and 50 mice of each sex received 12 or 25 mg/kg allyl isothiocyanate in corn oil by gavage 5 times per week (Monday through Friday) for 103 weeks. Groups of 50 rats and 50 mice of each sex received corn oil on the same schedule and served as vehicle controls.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- other: rat and mouse
- Strain:
- other: F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice
- Sex:
- male/female
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- corn oil
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 103 weeks
- Dose / conc.:
- 12 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Remarks:
- 5 days per week
- Dose / conc.:
- 25 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Remarks:
- 5 days per week
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Groups of 50 male and 50 female B6C3F1 mice received 0 (vehicle control), 12, 25 mg AITC/kg bw day.
Groups of 50 male and 50 female F344 rats received 0 (vehicle control), 12, 25 mg AITC/kg bw day. - Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- All animals were observed twice daily for signs of morbidity and mortality. Clinical signs and body weights were recorded every 4 weeks. The mean body weight of each group was calculated by dividing the total weight of all animals in the group by the number of surviving animals in the group.
- Sacrifice and pathology:
- During weeks 104 to 106, surviving animals were killed and a necroscopy carried out.
- Mortality:
- mortality observed, non-treatment-related
- Description (incidence):
- Rats: One low-dose (12 mg/kg bw/day) male, 2 low-dose females and 1 high-dose male died as a result of gavage error.
Mice: One control male, 6 low-dose males, 7 high-dose males and 1 high-dose female died as a result of gavage error. Many of the female mice that died prior to week 104 (control, 13/34; low-dose, 6/25; high-dose, 12/30) had suppurative inflammation of the peritoneum, uterus, or multiple organs, which was suggestive of generalised infection. - Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, non-treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Rats:Throughout the study, the mean body weights of high-dose male rats were lower than those of the controls, and during the last half of the study the mean body weights of both low-and highdose female rats were higher than those of the controls.
Mice: Throughout most of the study, mean body weights of high-dose male and female mice were higher than those of the vehicle controls. - Haematological findings:
- effects observed, non-treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Rats: The incidence of undifferentiated leukaemia was increased with a significantly positive trend (p<0.05) in treated male rats and at the high dose, the incidence was significantly (p<0.05) greater than controls (control, 2/50; low-dose 6/50; high-dose, 8/50).No significant increases were observed for leukaemia in female rats (control, 7/50; low-dose, 9/50; highdose, 12/50).
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, non-treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Rats: There was a significant increase in the incidence of non-neoplastic lesions of the eye (i.e., retinopathy and cataract) in high-dose males and low-dose females; however, the increased incidence correlated with cage placement. There was an increase in the incidence of subcutaneous tissue fibrosarcomas in high-dose females with a significantly positive trend tests (p<0.05); however, when compared with controls, the increased incidence in the high-dose group was not statistically significant (control, 0/50; low-dose, 0/50; high-dose, 3/50).
Mice: Male mice showed a statistically significant (p<0.01) dose-related increase in cytoplasmic vacuolization in the liver (control, 2/49; low-dose, 8/49; high-dose, 13/50). The severity of this lesion was similar in all three groups. Most of the hepatocytes with vacuoles were situated in the centrilobular region and all contained fat. - Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Rats: In male rats, the incidence of transitional cell papillomas of the urinary bladder occurred with a significant positive trend (p<0.05; control, 0/49; low-dose, 2/49; high-dose, 4/49), but the incidence at the low dose was not statistically significant. One female in the high-dose group also had this lesion, but the incidence was not statistically significant. Epithelial hyperplasia of the urinary bladder also occurred in males with a significant (p<0.05) overall trend and at the high dose, was significantly increased (control, 0/49; low-dose, 1/49; high-dose, 6/49). This hyperplasia did not occur in animals with papillomas.
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Remarks:
- mice
- Effect level:
- 25 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- body weight and weight gain
- histopathology: non-neoplastic
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEL
- Remarks:
- rats
- Effect level:
- 12 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect level:
- histopathology: neoplastic
- Critical effects observed:
- yes
- Lowest effective dose / conc.:
- 12 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- System:
- urinary
- Organ:
- kidney
- Treatment related:
- yes
- Dose response relationship:
- not specified
- Relevant for humans:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Results showed hyperplasia in the urinary bladder epithelium and an increased incidence of transitional cell papillomas in male rats (O%, 4%, and 8% for the control, low dose (25 mg/kg/d) and high dose (50 mg/kg/d), respectively). The historical incidence of this tumor in male rats from the NTP and National Cancer Institute (NCI) Laboratories is 0.1 % and the occurrence of this tumor in treated animals was clearly much greater than the historical control incidence. Female rats in this study showed only a single incidence of hyperplasia and papillomas at the high dose and an equivocal increase in subcutaneous fibrosarcomas were observed in females only. The mice showed no increase in any tumor type at the same exposure levels (NTP 1982). The rat bioassay provides the only evidence of in vivo carcinogenicity of AIT.
Referenceopen allclose all
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- 10 mg/kg bw/day
- Study duration:
- subchronic
- Species:
- rat
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - systemic effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - local effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - systemic effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - local effects
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Justification for classification or non-classification
AITC is not classified for Specific Target Organ Toxicity, according to Regulation (EC) n. 1272/2008.
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