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Reaction mass of Chromate(1-), [N-[7-hydroxy-8-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo]-1-naphthalenyl]acetamidato(2-)][1-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenolato(2-)]-, hydrogen, compd. with N-cyclohexylcyclohexanamine (1:1) and hydrogen bis[1-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo]-2-naphtholato(2-)]chromate(1-) , compound with dicyclohexylamine (1:1) and hydrogen bis[N-[7-hydroxy-8-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)azo]-1-naphthyl]acetamidato(2-)]chromate(1-) , compound with dicyclohexylamine (1:1)
EC number: 916-865-0 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
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- Nanomaterial pour density
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- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 24 Mar 2017 to 05 Apr 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 221 (Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- see "Principles of method if other than guideline"
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- In the experimental part of the study, a deviation from the OECD Test Guideline No. 221 (2006) ‘Lemna sp., growth inhibition test’, the study plan and the SOP/W/47 concerning the temperature occurred. The temperature recorded during exposure in the definitive test was in the range of 24.6 – 26.4 °C and hence the temperature fluctuations was 1.8°C. However, for the last 3 hours of exposure the temperature was higher than 26°C by 0.4°C, what did not impact the generated results.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: At ambient temperature without exposure to light in a tightly sealed container - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- At exposure initiation, three abiotic samples (i.e. samples taken from separate test vessels which did not contain any fish) of each treatment were collected. One of them was transferred for chemical analyses at exposure initiation, whereas the second one was stored under test conditions for 24 h (time between renewals) and the third one was stored under test conditions till exposure termination and transferred for chemical analyses.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
The separate portions of the test item were weighed directly into test medium in a glass flask. Every portion was quantitatively transferred into the respective glass vessel by multiple washing with test medium and filling up to the respective total volume. The resulting mixtures and the control (i.e. test medium without test item) was incubated at temperature approx. 30 °C for 48 h with continuous mechanical shaking at 90 rpm in darkness. Next, every mixture and the control was kept at room temperature for another 24 h without shaking and with continuous aeration. Every mixture and the control were separately filtered through a pre-conditioned cellulose filter and next through a preconditioned nitrocellulose filter of 0.22 µm pores (Millipore 0.22 µm GSTF, Merck). The filtrates were collected and used for exposure. Each filtrate was visually homogeneous and without any visibly non-dissolved particles. Glass test vessels were crystallisers pre-conditioned by filling up with the respective filtrate, discarding the contents and refilling to be used for exposure. Each filtrate was visually homogeneous and without any visibly non-dissolved particles. - Test organisms (species):
- Lemna gibba
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Duckweed
- Strain: CPCC 310
- Source: Canadian Phycological Culture Centre (CPCC), Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
- Method of cultivation: Cultivated in a standard laboratory culture at the Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Branch Pszczyna, Department of Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, according to the OECD Guideline No. 221 (2006) recommendations.
CULTURING
Duckweed Lemna gibba was transferred from agar bevels to the fresh 20X AAP medium in glass beakers with a capacity of 600 mL with transparent lids and incubated at room temperature with constant illumination (pre-culturing). The duckweed culture was inoculated to fresh medium once a week. A pre-culture was started nine days before exposure. Only organisms in good physiological condition without any discolouration were used for the inoculation of the test item concentrations and the control. - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Hardness:
- 304.1 mg/L (as CaCO3)
- Test temperature:
- 24.6 - 26.4 °C. However, for the last 3 hours of exposure the temperature was higher than 26°C by 0.4°C (see 'Deviations' under 'Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables').
- pH:
- - pH measured in fresh samples: 7.40 - 7.93
- pH measured in spent samples: 8.43 - 8.96 - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - Nominal loading rates: 0 (control), 1.76, 3.88, 8.54, 18.8, 41.3, 90.9, 200 mg/L.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Incubation chamber: Yes / thermostatic chamber (incubator, ILW400STD Pol-Eko-Aparatura, Poland)
- Test vessel: Glass crystallisers with a depth of 4 cm and a diameter of 7 cm were used.
- Type: Closed; transparent lids were used to minimise evaporation and accidental contamination, allowing necessary air exchange.
- Pre-conditioning: test vessels were pre-conditioned by filling up with the respective filtrate, discarding the contents and refilling to be used for exposure.
- Fill volume: 150 mL
- Renewal rate of test solution: Daily
- No. of colonies per vessel: 3
- No. of fronds per colony: 3
- No. of vessels per concentration: 3
- No. of vessels per control: 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: The 20X AAP medium recommended by the OECD Guideline No. 221 (2006) was the culturing medium for test organism and the diluent/solvent for the test item.
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Alkalinity: 304.1 mg/L as CaCO3 in the culture medium
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Daily, before and after renewals
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: Constant illumination
- Light intensity and quality: 7210 - 8010 lux. The light intensity was measured at exposure initiation, twice during exposure and at exposure termination with a 2π receptor lux-meter (Sonopan L-100, Poland).
- Light type: Fluorescent
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: frond number, plant development (frond size, shape and appearance) and growth rate.
In order to quantify the test item related effects on vegetative growth over a period of 7 days, the number of fronds in each replicate was counted. In the definitive test the total number of fronds in each test vessel was counted on days 2, 4 and at exposure termination. Only visibly distinct fronds were counted. At the same time, observations of plant development were performed: frond size, shape and appearance (necrosis, chlorosis, gibbosity or bending of fronds), colony breakup or loss of buoyancy, root length and appearance. Growth of plant cultures in the test item loading rates was compared with that of the control. The dry weight of the representative sample of the duckweed culture used as the inoculum was measured after exposure initiation. The dry weight of all plants from each test vessel was measured after exposure termination. All colonies (with roots) were transferred onto previously weighed microscopic slides and dried at approximately 60°C in a laboratory oven until constant weight.
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test item loading rates: 0 (control), 5, 10 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: At exposure termination, the growth rate inhibition based on the frond number was 13.2% in the filtrate of a loading of 5 mg/L, 9.6% in the filtrate of a loading of 10 mg/L and 20.1% in the filtrate of a loading of 100 mg/L in comparison to the control. See 'Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables' for an overview of the results of the range-finding study. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-dichlorophenol
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 200 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: loading rate
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EL10
- Effect conc.:
- 45.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: loading rate
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 37.3 - 55.1 mg/L
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- 188.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: loading rate
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 159.0 - 240.2 mg/L
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EL10
- Effect conc.:
- 45.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: loading rate
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 28.3 - 60.3 mg/L
- Details on results:
- At exposure termination, in the test item loading rates no distinctive changes from the development of plants in the control were observed. In the filtrates with a loading of up to 41.3 mg/L, no inhibition of growth rate based on frond number was observed. At the filtrate of a loading of 90.9 mg/L, inhibition of growth rate based on frond number was 15.5%, which increased up to 24.6% inhibition at a loading of 200 mg/L. In 'Any other information on results incl. tables' the results are tabulated and additional effect values are presented.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The 7-d ErC50 and 7-d ErC10 based on frond number of the reference substance were determined to be 13.91 and 10.61 mg/L, respectively. The 7-d EyC50 and 7-d EyC10 based on frond number of the reference substance were determined to be 13.05 and 9.51 mg/L, respectively.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Probit method calculations and analysis by Shapiro-Wilk’s Test on Normal Distribution, Levene’s Test on Variance Homogeneity (with Residuals), Williams multiple sequential t-test procedure.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- See 'Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables'
- Conclusions:
- The test substance is with high probability not acutely harmful to aquatic plants.
Reference
Table: Inhibition of growth rate and yield at exposure termination (day 7) - definitive test
Treatment |
Based on frond number |
Based on dry weight |
||
% Inhibition of growth rate |
% Inhibition of yield |
% Inhibition of growth rate |
% Inhibition of yield |
|
Filtrate of the control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Filtrate of a loading of 1.76 mg/L |
-2.9 |
-0.8 |
-4.4 |
-14.9 |
Filtrate of a loading of 3.88 mg/L |
-4.3 |
-11.8 |
-5.9 |
-21.1 |
Filtrate of a loading of 8.54 mg/L |
-1.5 |
-4.2 |
-5.2 |
-17.4 |
Filtrate of a loading of 18.8 mg/L |
-3.5 |
-9.5 |
-5.5 |
-19.1 |
Filtrate of a loading of 41.3 mg/L |
-1.6 |
-4.2 |
-1.8 |
-6 |
Filtrate of a loading of 90.9 mg/L |
15.5 |
33.8 |
3.2 |
9.8 |
Filtrate of a loading of 200 mg/L |
24.6 |
48.7 |
11.2 |
30.3 |
Table: Frond number and dry weight
Filtrate of a loading of |
Frond number |
Dry weight [mg] |
||
day 2 |
day 4 |
day 7 |
day 7 |
|
Control mean |
25.0 |
54.2 |
96.7 |
35.6 |
standard deviation |
1.10 |
3.66 |
3.78 |
3.75 |
1.76 mg/L mean |
21.7 |
50.7 |
103.7 |
40.6 |
standard deviation |
1.15 |
2.52 |
8.50 |
4.07 |
3.88 mg/L mean |
23.3 |
51.0 |
107.0 |
42.7 |
standard deviation |
1.15 |
4.36 |
4.36 |
6.60 |
8.54 mg/L mean |
22.0 |
49.0 |
100.3 |
41.5 |
standard deviation |
0.00 |
2.00 |
6.81 |
1.17 |
18.8 mg/L mean |
23.3 |
51.0 |
105.0 |
42.0 |
standard deviation |
0.58 |
4.36 |
6.24 |
4.04 |
41.1 mg/L mean |
22.7 |
49.0 |
100.3 |
37.6 |
standard deviation |
1.15 |
5.29 |
4.73 |
4.52 |
90.9 mg/L mean |
22.0 |
43.3 |
67.0 |
32.2 |
standard deviation |
1.00 |
1.53 |
4.36 |
3.71 |
200 mg/L mean |
21.3 |
43.7 |
54.0 |
25.3 |
standard deviation |
0.58 |
1.53 |
4.00 |
2.98 |
Table: Section-by-section growth rate and growth rate, based on frond number
Filtrate of a loading of |
Section-by-section growth rate* |
Growth rate |
||
0-2 d |
2-4 d |
4-7 d |
0-7 d |
|
Control mean |
0.510 |
0.386 |
0.193 |
0.339 |
standard deviation |
0.022 |
0.025 |
0.018 |
0.006 |
1.76 mg/L mean |
0.439 |
0.425 |
0.238 |
0.349 |
standard deviation |
0.026 |
0.050 |
0.041 |
0.012 |
3.88 mg/L mean |
0.476 |
0.390 |
0.248 |
0.354 |
standard deviation |
0.025 |
0.040 |
0.024 |
0.006 |
8.54 mg/L mean |
0.447 |
0.400 |
0.239 |
0.344 |
standard deviation |
0.000 |
0.020 |
0.036 |
0.010 |
18.8 mg/L mean |
0.476 |
0.390 |
0.241 |
0.351 |
standard deviation |
0.012 |
0.030 |
0.023 |
0.009 |
41.3 mg/L mean |
0.461 |
0.384 |
0.240 |
0.344 |
standard deviation |
0.025 |
0.029 |
0.051 |
0.007 |
90.9 mg/L mean |
0.447 |
0.339 |
0.145 |
0.287 |
standard deviation |
0.023 |
0.023 |
0.014 |
0.010 |
200 mg/L mean |
0.431 |
0.358 |
0.070 |
0.256 |
standard deviation |
0.013 |
0.012 |
0.013 |
0.011 |
* growth rate = [ln (frond number on day 2) - ln (frond number on day 0)]/2 days.
EFFECT VALUES
7-d ErL20 based on frond number: 206.4 mg/L (95% CL: 157.3 - 287.4 mg/L)
7-d LOErLR based on frond number: 90.9 mg/L
7-d NOErLR based on frond number: 41.3 mg/L
7-d EyL20 based on frond number: 74.3 mg/L (95% CL: 55.0 - 90.1 mg/L)
7-d LOEyLR based on frond number: 90.9 mg/L
7-d NOEyLR based on frond number: 41.3 mg/L
7-d ErL50 based on dry weight: > 200 mg/L
7-d ErL20 based on dry weight: > 200 mg/L
7-d ErL10 based on dry weight: > 200 mg/L
7-d LOErLR based on dry weight: 200 mg/L
7-d NOErLR based on dry weight: 90.9 mg/L
7-d EyL50 based on dry weight: > 200 mg/L
7-d EyL20 based on dry weight: 160.9 mg/L
7-d EyL10 based on dry weight: 40.3 mg/L (95% CI: 15.2 – 120.3 mg/L)
7-d LOEyLR based on dry weight: 200 mg/L
7-d NOEyLR based on dry weight: 90.9 mg/L
Description of key information
The test substance is with high probability not acutely harmful to aquatic plants.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae was determined in a study according to OECD TG 221 and in compliance with GLP criteria (IPO, 2017). In this study 3 replicates of 3 uniform, healthy-looking duckweed (L. gibba), with 3 fronds each, were introduced in test vessels containing filtrates of the test substance with the following loading rates: 0 (control), 1.76, 3.88, 8.54, 18.8, 41.3, 90.9 and 200 mg/L. As plants were exposed to a nominal loading rate of the test substance, effect concentrations are expressed as nominal. Plants were exposed for 7 days under semi-static conditions. Analytical quantification of the test substance was performed by measuring the total organic carbon (TOC) using a validated method. In order to quantify the test item related effects on vegetative growth over a period of 7 days, the number of fronds in each replicate was counted. In the definitive test the total number of fronds in each test vessel was counted on days 2, 4 and at exposure termination. At the same time, observations of plant development were performed: frond size, shape and appearance (necrosis, chlorosis, gibbosity or bending of fronds), colony breakup or loss of buoyancy, root length and appearance. Growth of plant cultures in the test item loading rates was compared with that of the control. At exposure termination, the inhibition of growth rate and the inhibition of yield in comparison to the control based on frond number and based on dry weight are estimated. The inhibition of growth rate based on frond number was between -4.3% and up to 24.6%. The inhibition of yield based on frond number was between -11.8% and up to 48.7%. The inhibition of growth rate based on dry weight was between -5.9% and up to 11.2%. The inhibition of yield based on dry weight was between -21.1% and up to 30.3% in comparison to the control. At exposure termination, in the test item loading rates no distinctive changes from the development of plants in the control were observed. The 7-d ErL50-values for inhibition of fronds and dry weight were both > 200 mg/L. The 7-d ErL10-values for inhibition of fronds and dry weight were 45.2 mg/L (95% CL: 37.3 - 55.1 mg/L) and > 200 mg/L, respectively. The 7-d EyL50-values for inhibition of fronds and dry weight were 188.5 mg/L (95% CL: 159 - 240.2 mg/L) and > 200 mg/L, respectively. The 7-d EyL10-values for inhibition of fronds and dry weight were 45.7 mg/L (95% CL: 28.3 - 60.3 mg/L) and 40.3 mg/L (95% CL: 15.2 - 120.3 mg/L), respectively.
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