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EC number: 228-327-6 | CAS number: 6227-20-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Remarks:
- lemna species
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 18 November 2016 to 14 February 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 221 (Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- pH in controls increased from 6.7 to 9.9-10.1 (pH increase in the lower test concentrations also > 1.5)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: at 0, 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L on day 0 and 7 (range finding at 1, 10 and 100 mg/L on day 0, 3 and 7)
- Sampling method: freshly prepared bulk test preparations on day 0 and old pooled samples on day 7
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: frozen - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- directly dissolved in culture medium
- Test organisms (species):
- Lemna minor
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: duckweed
- Strain: Lemna minor
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Canadian Phycological Culture Centre, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: at a temperature of 24 ± 1 ºC under continuous illumination (intensity approximately 7000 lux) during at least 7 days
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): yes (Swedish Standard (SIS) Lemna growth medium) - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Test temperature:
- 24 ± 1 ºC
- pH:
- on day 0: 6.7
on day 7: >= 8.7 in controls and at 1 and 3.2 mg/L; 7.3-8.1 at 10, 32 and 100 mg/L
This increase was considered to be due to the amount of carbon dioxide required by the large number of colonies present exceeding the transfer rate of CO2 from the gaseous phase to the aqueous phase. In this situation CO2 required for photosynthesis and growth would be derived from bicarbonate in solution which results in an increase in the pH of the culture. The increase in pH after 7 Days was in excess of that recommended in the Test Guidelines (1.5 pH units after 7 Days). This was considered to have had no adverse effect on the results of the study given that the control validity criterion was met. - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal:
pre-test: 0, 1, 10 and 100 mg/L
main test: 0, 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L
measured:
pre-test: on day 0, 3 (old) and 7 (old): 1 mg/L 25-35%, 10 mg/L 30-32%, 100 mg/L 81-95% of nominal
main tests at 0, 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L on day 0:on day 7 (old): - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: glass conical flasks (500 mL) each containing 250 mL of test preparation
- Aeration: no
- Agitation: no
- Renewal rate of test solution: main study static test (pre-test semistatic with renewal on day 3)
- No. of fronds per colony: 3 colonies (10 fronds)
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes, Swedish Standard (SIS) Lemna growth medium
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: continously
- Light intensity and quality:ca 7000 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
- Determination of frond number: yes on days 0, 3, 5 and 7
- Determination of biomass: dry weight
- Determination of frond area: no
- Other: frond size, appearance, root length and number of colonies present, calculation of growth rate and yield
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 0, 1, 10 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes (effect on growth (15-29%) at 10 and 100 mg/L)- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-dichlorophenol
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- - Any visual signs of phytotoxicity (abnormalities): no all fronds appeared green (except on day 5 at 100 mg/L some staining was observed)
- Decrease in frond size: none observed
- root size: slightly decreased at 10, 32 and 100 mg/L
- doubling time: 1.83 days- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Separate study with dichlorophenol at 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 mg/L gave EC50 values between 3.0 and 3.4 for growth rate and 1.4 and 1.8 mg/L for frond number and dry weight
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Bartlett's test for homogeneity of variance (Sokal and Rohlf, 1981), and Dunnett's multiple comparison procedure for comparing several treatments with a control (Dunnett, 1955)
Inhibition of Average Specific Growth Rate and Yield Based on Frond number
Nominal Concentration (mg/L)
Average Specific Growth Rate
Yield
0 – 7 Day
% Inhibition
0 – 7 Day
% Inhibition
0
0.319±0.016
-
84±10
-
1.0
0.319±0.011
0
83±8
1
3.2
0.306±0.014
4
75±8
11
10
0.294±0.003
8
69±5
18
32
0.281±0.015
12
62±7
26
100
0.256±0.012
20
50±5
40
Inhibition of Average Specific Growth Rate and Yield Based on dry weight
Nominal Concentration (mg/L)
Average Specific Growth Rate
Yield
0 – 7 Day
% Inhibition
0 – 7 Day
% Inhibition
0
0.380±0.018
-
8.7 ± 1.2
-
1.0
0.390± 0.008
[3]
9.4 ± 0.6
[8]
3.2
0.354± 0.021
7
7.2 ± 1.2
17
10
0.331± 0.006
13
6.0 ± 0.3
31
32
0.324± 0.020
15
5.7 ± 0.8
34
100
0.296± 0.010
22
4.5 ± 0.4
48
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The EC50 for growth rate for the substance is > 100 mg/L
All EC50 values derived were > 100 mg/L. The NOEC for growth rate based on dry weight is 3.2 mg/L- Executive summary:
Lemna minor was exposed to an aqueous solution of the substance at concentrations of 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L (three replicate flasks per concentration) for a period of 7 days, under constant illumination at a temperature of 24 ± 1 °C. The number of fronds in each control and treatment group was recorded on days 0, 3, 5 and 7 along with observations on plant development. Measured concentrations were 71 -103% of nominal. Effects on yield and growth rate were observed at 32 mg/L based on frond count and at 10 mg/L based on dry weight. The EC50 is > 100 mg/L and the NOEC is 3.2 mg/L (worst case on dry weight).
Reference
Description of key information
Lemna minor was exposed to an aqueous solution of the substance at concentrations of 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L (three replicate flasks per concentration) for a period of 7 days, under constant illumination at a temperature of 24 ± 1 °C. The number of fronds in each control and treatment group was recorded on days 0, 3, 5 and 7 along with observations on plant development. Measured concentrations were 71 -103% of nominal. Effects on yield and growth rate were observed at 32 mg/L based on frond count and at 10 mg/L based on dry weight. The EC50 is > 100 mg/L and the NOEC is 3.2 mg/L (worst case on dry weight).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater plants:
- 100 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater plants:
- 3.2 mg/L
Additional information
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