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EC number: 210-047-0 | CAS number: 603-52-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- August 29, 2017 - August 31, 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.1010 (Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater Daphnids)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100% saturated solutions. The corresponding measured geometric mean test item concentrations were: 1.75, 3.42, 7.02, 14.94 and 29.70 mg/L.
- Sampling method: Test solutions and control sample were determined at the beginning and at the end of the test. The samples were properly diluted and analysed by an HPLC-UV method.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Saturated solution and about 30 fold diluted saturated solution were stored at test conditions. At the end of the storage period formulations were analysed. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: method according to the Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult substances and Mixtures, OECD No. 23.
A saturated test item solution (nominal loading rate of 100 mg/L) was prepared by dispersing/dissolving the amount of test item into the test medium (ISO Medium) two days before the start of the study. This solution was shaken for about 24 hours at approximately 30ºC and then equilibrated for about 24 hours at approximately 20ºC.
- Controls: The dilution water (ISO medium) was used without addition of the test item
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): Yes, the non-dissolved test material was removed by filtration through a fine (0.22 µm) filter to give the 100% saturated solution. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna
- Justification for species other than prescribed by test guideline: Daphnia magna is the standard species of the acute immobilisation test.
- Source: István Szent University, 2100 Gödöllő, Páter Károly u. 1, Hungary
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): 24 h old at the beginning of the test.
- Feeding during test: No.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: There was no acclimatization because the water used was similar to the culture water.
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 247 mg/L (as CACO3)
- Test temperature:
- 20.4 - 21.1ºC
- pH:
- 7.73 - 7.86
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.9 - 8.8 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100% saturated solution.
Measured: 1.75, 3.42, 7.02, 14.94 and 29.70 mg/L. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: beaker
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume. glass beaker, 5 mL fill volume
- Aeration: no.
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Reconstituted water (ISO medium, according to OECD 202).
- Culture medium different from test medium: no.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no.
- Photoperiod: 16-hour light and 8-hour dark cycle
- Light intensity: not specified.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
The immobility of mortality of the Daphnia was determined by visual observation 24 and 48 hours after the start of the test. Those animals not able to swim within 15 seconds after gentle agitation of the test beaker were considered to be immobile.
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 0 (control), 0.1, 1, 10, 100 % saturated solutions.
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Because significant immobility was observed at the highest examined concentration levels during the preliminary range-finding test, five test concentrations in a geometric series (factor 2.0) and one control were used in the main experiment under static conditions. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate is tested at least twice a year to demonstrate satisfactory test conditions.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 16.75 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC100
- Effect conc.:
- 29.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 7.02 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 14.94 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 26.15 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: No abnormal behaviour, or appearance of test animals was detected.
- Mortality of control: 0/20
- Other adverse effects control: No.
- Abnormal responses: No.
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: No.
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
The date of the last study (Study Code: 17/058-023DA) with reference item Potassium dichromate (batch no.: A0345704) is 8- 9 March 2017
- Relevant effect levels: 24h EC50: 0.64 mg/l (95% confidence limits: 0.59 - 0.68 mg/L) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The 24 and 48 hours EC50 values of the test item were calculated using Probit analysis by SPSS PC+ software. The 48h EC100 values of the test item were determined directly from the raw data.
For the determination of the LOEC and NOEC, the immobilization at the test concentrations was tested on significant differences to the control values by Dunnett's Test using TOXSTAT software. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- There was no immobilization in the control group and the dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test is control and test vessels was more than 3 mg/L.
- Conclusions:
- The 48h-EC50 of the test item in Daphnia magna was 16.75 mg/L (measured) and the NOEC was 7.02 mg/L (measured), both based on mobility.
- Executive summary:
An acute immobilisation test on Daphnia magna was performed in accordance with OECD Guideline 202 and EU method C.2, following GLP. Due to the low solubility of the test item in water, the test solution was prepared using a saturated method according to OECD No. 23 (Guidance document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures). Based on the results obtained from a preliminary range-finding test, where significant immobility was observed at the highest examined concentration level, five test concentrations in a geometric series (factor 2.0) and one control were used in the main experiment under static conditions. Control and test concentrations were analytically determined (validated method) at the beginning and at the end of the experiment and did not deviate more than 20%. The following concentrations were tested: 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100% saturated solution. The corresponding measured geometric mean test item concentration were: 1.75, 3.42, 7.02, 14.94 and 29.70 mg/L. Twenty animals, divided into four groups (glass beaker) of five animals each were exposed to the different test item concentrations or the control for 48 h. Positive controls (potassium dichromate) are performed at least twice a year to ensure the quality of the results. All validity criteria were met. Significant immobilisation was observed at 48 h at the dose level of 14.94 mg/L (measured) and at 24 h and 48 h at the dose level of 29.70 mg/L (measured). The 48h-EC50 of the test item in Daphnia magna was 16.75 mg/L (measured) and the NOEC was 7.02 mg/L (measured), both based on mobility.
Reference
Table 4:Number and percentage of immobilised animals
Concentration |
Number of treated animals |
Immobilised animals |
||||
Nominal |
Measured |
24 hours |
48 hours |
|||
(% sat. sol.) |
(mg/L) |
number |
percent |
number |
percent |
|
Control |
0.0 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
6.25 |
1.75 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
12.5 |
3.42 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
25.0 |
7.02 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
50.0 |
14.94 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
30* |
100.0 |
29.70 |
20 |
14 |
70* |
20 |
100* |
*: statistically significantly different compared to the control values (Dunnett’s Test;a= 0.05)
Table 5:Temperature measured in the test vessels (°C)
Concentration |
Replicate |
Measuring time |
|||
Nominal |
Measured |
0 h |
24 h |
48 h |
|
Control |
0.0 |
1 |
21.0 |
20.4 |
20.7 |
2 |
21.0 |
20.4 |
20.7 |
||
3 |
21.0 |
20.4 |
20.7 |
||
4 |
21.0 |
20.4 |
20.7 |
||
6.25 |
1.75 |
1 |
21.0 |
20.4 |
20.7 |
2 |
21.0 |
20.4 |
20.7 |
||
3 |
21.0 |
20.4 |
20.7 |
||
4 |
21.0 |
20.4 |
20.7 |
||
12.5 |
3.42 |
1 |
21.0 |
20.4 |
20.7 |
2 |
21.0 |
20.4 |
20.7 |
||
3 |
21.0 |
20.4 |
20.7 |
||
4 |
21.0 |
20.4 |
20.7 |
||
25.0 |
7.02 |
1 |
21.0 |
20.4 |
20.7 |
2 |
21.0 |
20.4 |
20.7 |
||
3 |
21.0 |
20.4 |
20.7 |
||
4 |
21.0 |
20.4 |
20.8 |
||
50.0 |
14.94 |
1 |
21.0 |
20.4 |
20.7 |
2 |
21.0 |
20.4 |
20.8 |
||
3 |
21.0 |
20.4 |
20.8 |
||
4 |
21.0 |
20.4 |
20.8 |
||
100.0 |
29.70 |
1 |
21.0 |
20.4 |
20.8 |
2 |
21.0 |
20.4 |
20.8 |
||
3 |
21.0 |
20.4 |
20.8 |
||
4 |
21.1 |
20.4 |
20.8 |
Table 6:Oxygen concentrationmeasured in the test vessels (mg/L)
Concentration |
Replicate |
Measuring time |
||
Nominal |
Measured |
24 h |
48 h |
|
Control |
0.0 |
1 |
8.3 |
8.5 |
2 |
8.3 |
8.5 |
||
3 |
8.3 |
8.5 |
||
4 |
8.3 |
8.5 |
||
6.25 |
1.75 |
1 |
8.3 |
8.5 |
2 |
8.3 |
8.5 |
||
3 |
8.3 |
8.4 |
||
4 |
8.3 |
8.5 |
||
12.5 |
3.42 |
1 |
8.3 |
8.5 |
2 |
8.3 |
8.5 |
||
3 |
8.3 |
8.8 |
||
4 |
8.3 |
8.6 |
||
25.0 |
7.02 |
1 |
8.3 |
8.6 |
2 |
8.3 |
8.6 |
||
3 |
8.3 |
8.5 |
||
4 |
8.3 |
8.5 |
||
50.0 |
14.94 |
1 |
8.3 |
8.5 |
2 |
8.3 |
8.5 |
||
3 |
8.3 |
8.6 |
||
4 |
8.3 |
8.6 |
||
100.0 |
29.70 |
1 |
7.9 |
8.3 |
2 |
7.9 |
8.3 |
||
3 |
7.9 |
8.4 |
||
4 |
7.9 |
8.3 |
Table 7:pHmeasured in the test vessels
Concentration |
Replicate |
Measuring time |
||
Nominal |
Measured |
24 h |
48 h |
|
Control |
0.0 |
1 |
7.73 |
7.81 |
2 |
7.73 |
7.82 |
||
3 |
7.73 |
7.82 |
||
4 |
7.73 |
7.83 |
||
6.25 |
1.75 |
1 |
7.78 |
7.85 |
2 |
7.78 |
7.86 |
||
3 |
7.78 |
7.86 |
||
4 |
7.78 |
7.86 |
||
12.5 |
3.42 |
1 |
7.79 |
7.83 |
2 |
7.79 |
7.82 |
||
3 |
7.79 |
7.83 |
||
4 |
7.79 |
7.84 |
||
25.0 |
7.02 |
1 |
7.78 |
7.83 |
2 |
7.78 |
7.84 |
||
3 |
7.78 |
7.82 |
||
4 |
7.78 |
7.82 |
||
50.0 |
14.94 |
1 |
7.81 |
7.83 |
2 |
7.81 |
7.84 |
||
3 |
7.81 |
7.81 |
||
4 |
7.81 |
7.82 |
||
100.0 |
29.70 |
1 |
7.83 |
7.84 |
2 |
7.83 |
7.84 |
||
3 |
7.83 |
7.85 |
||
4 |
7.83 |
7.85 |
Table 8:Immobilisation of the test animals
Concentration |
Replicate |
Number of |
Number of immobilised animals |
||
Nominal |
Measured |
24 h |
48 h |
||
Control |
0.0 |
1 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
||
3 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
||
4 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
||
6.25 |
1.75 |
1 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
||
3 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
||
4 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
||
12.5 |
3.42 |
1 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
||
3 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
||
4 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
||
25.0 |
7.02 |
1 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
||
3 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
||
4 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
||
50.0 |
14.94 |
1 |
5 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
5 |
0 |
2 |
||
3 |
5 |
0 |
2 |
||
4 |
5 |
0 |
1 |
||
100.0 |
29.70 |
1 |
5 |
4 |
5 |
2 |
5 |
3 |
5 |
||
3 |
5 |
4 |
5 |
||
4 |
5 |
3 |
5 |
Description of key information
Key study: OECD 202 and EU method C.2. GLP study. The 48h-EC50 of the test item in Daphnia magna was 16.75 mg/L (measured) and the NOEC was 7.02 mg/L (measured), both based on mobility.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 16.75 mg/L
Additional information
Key study: An acute immobilisation test on Daphnia magna was performed in accordance with OECD Guideline 202 and EU method C.2, following GLP. Based on the results obtained from a preliminary range-finding test, where significant immobility was observed at the highest examined concentration level, five test concentrations in a geometric series (factor 2.0) and one control were used in the main experiment under static conditions. Control and test concentrations were analytically determined (validated method) at the beginning and at the end of the experiment and did not deviate more than 20%. The following concentrations were tested: 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100% saturated solution. The corresponding measured geometric mean test item concentration were: 1.75, 3.42, 7.02, 14.94 and 29.70 mg/L. Twenty animals, divided into four groups (glass beaker) of five animals each were exposed to the different test item concentrations or the control for 48 h. Positive controls (potassium dichromate) are performed at least twice a year to ensure the quality of the results. All validity criteria were met. The 48h-EC50 of the test item in Daphnia magna was 16.75 mg/L (measured) and the NOEC was 7.02 mg/L (measured), both based on mobility.
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