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EC number: 609-330-5 | CAS number: 370865-89-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Adsorption / desorption
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- adsorption / desorption: screening
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD guidelines for testing of chemicals, Test guideline 106: Adsorption/desorption using a batch equilibrium method, 2000, Paris, OECD.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- this research was conducted for academic purposes and was not therefore not GLP-compliant. Nonetheless, the study is acceptable for assessment.
- Type of method:
- batch equilibrium method
- Media:
- soil
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in publication): 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate
- Supplier: Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany) - Radiolabelling:
- no
- Test temperature:
- 20 °C
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- All test concentrations were sampled after 24 h incubation with the soil.
- Matrix no.:
- #1
- Matrix type:
- loamy sand
- % Clay:
- 7.5
- % Sand:
- >= 5.4 - <= 5.8
- % Org. carbon:
- 2.3
- Matrix no.:
- #2
- Matrix type:
- other: loamy sand; kaolinite added
- % Clay:
- 10
- % Sand:
- >= 5.4 - <= 5.8
- % Org. carbon:
- 2.3
- Matrix no.:
- #3
- Matrix type:
- other: loamy sand; kaolinite added
- % Clay:
- 15
- % Sand:
- >= 5.4 - <= 5.8
- % Org. carbon:
- 2.3
- Matrix no.:
- #4
- Matrix type:
- other: loamy sand; smectite added
- % Clay:
- 10
- % Sand:
- >= 5.4 - <= 5.8
- % Org. carbon:
- 2.3
- Matrix no.:
- #5
- Matrix type:
- other: loamy sand; smectite added
- % Clay:
- 15
- % Sand:
- >= 5.4 - <= 5.8
- % Org. carbon:
- 2.3
- Matrix no.:
- #6
- Matrix type:
- other: loamy sand, OM wt5%
- % Clay:
- 10
- % Sand:
- >= 5.4 - <= 5.8
- % Org. carbon:
- 2.3
- Matrix no.:
- #7
- Matrix type:
- other: loamy sand OM 10 wt%
- % Clay:
- 15
- % Sand:
- >= 5.4 - <= 5.8
- % Org. carbon:
- 2.3
- Details on matrix:
- - Standard soil: LUFA 2.2
- Source: Landwirtschaftliche Untersuchungs- und Forschungsanstalt Speyer (Speyer, Germany).
- Other: LUFA 2.2 was supplemented with minerals to obtain soils with different clay concentrations. Furthermore, flower soil was added to obtain dry matter contents of 5 and 10 wt%. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Test concentrations: 4500, 1000, 450, 100, 45 and 10 µmol/L
- Soil/water ratio: 1:2
- Shaking: at 150 rpm for 24h at 25 °C in darkness
TEST SYSTEM
- Method of preparation of test solution: ionic solutions were prepared in 0.01 M CaCl2 - Sample No.:
- #1
- Type:
- other: Kf
- Value:
- 3.6 L/kg
- Remarks on result:
- other: n = 0.724; r2 = 0.973
- Sample No.:
- #2
- Type:
- other: Kf
- Value:
- 3.3 L/kg
- Remarks on result:
- other: n = 0.769; r2 = 0.972
- Sample No.:
- #3
- Type:
- other: Kf
- Value:
- 218.2 L/kg
- Remarks on result:
- other: n = 0.337; r2 = 0.992
- Sample No.:
- #4
- Type:
- other: Kf
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable
- Sample No.:
- #5
- Type:
- other: Kf
- Value:
- 10.3 L/kg
- Remarks on result:
- other: n = 0.969; r2 = 0.994
- Sample No.:
- #6
- Type:
- other: Kf
- Value:
- 21.1 L/kg
- Remarks on result:
- other: n = 0.337; r2 = 0.992
- Adsorption and desorption constants:
- With decreasing substance concentrations the sorption increased. The addition of organic matter and clay increases sorption. Addition of smectite showed the biggest effects on the sorption capacity. See 'Any other information on results incl. tables'.
- Endpoint:
- adsorption / desorption: screening
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD (2000) OECD Guideline for testing of chemicals 106. OECD, Paris
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- this research was conducted for academic purposes and was not therefore not GLP-compliant. Nonetheless, the study is acceptable for assessment.
- Type of method:
- batch equilibrium method
- Media:
- soil
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as published): 1-ethyl (EMIM) methylimidazolium (chloride)
- Purity: ≥ 98%
- Supplier: Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany) - Radiolabelling:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 10 (0.1 - 3 mM)
- Sampling interval: after 24 hours - Matrix no.:
- #1
- Matrix type:
- other: Alluvial agricultural soil
- % Clay:
- 60.5
- % Org. carbon:
- 3.2
- pH:
- 6.6
- CEC:
- 298 other: meq/g
- Matrix no.:
- #2
- Matrix type:
- other: Podsolic soil
- % Clay:
- 28.2
- % Org. carbon:
- 2.3
- pH:
- 4.3
- CEC:
- 48 other: meq/g
- Matrix no.:
- #3
- Matrix type:
- other: Sandy - clayey silt
- % Clay:
- 94
- % Org. carbon:
- 12.5
- pH:
- 5.3
- CEC:
- 270 other: meq/g
- Matrix no.:
- #4
- Matrix type:
- other: Glacial till
- % Clay:
- 62.3
- % Org. carbon:
- 0.89
- pH:
- 7.7
- CEC:
- 64 other: meq/g
- Matrix no.:
- #5
- Matrix type:
- other: Beach sand
- % Clay:
- 0.17
- % Org. carbon:
- 0.081
- pH:
- 7.6
- CEC:
- 30 other: meq/g
- Details on matrix:
- SOIL 1
- Name: Alluvial agricultural soil
- Sampling area: Kiezmark - 20 km east from Gdańsk
- Stratigraphy: Recent (Holocene subsoil)
- pH: 6.6
- OM [%]: 5.5
- CEC [meqg-1]: 298
- Clay fraction [%]: 60.5
SOIL 2
- Name: Podsolic soil
- Sampling area: Trójmiejski Landscape Park - northwestern part of Gdynia
- Stratigraphy: Recent (Pleistocene subsoil)
- pH: 4.3
- OM [%]: 3.9
- CEC [meqg-1]: 48
- Clay fraction [%]: 28.2
SOIL 3A
- Name: Sandy–clayey silt
- Sampling area: Orłowo Cliff - Gdynia
- Stratigraphy: Neogene–Miocene
- pH: 5.3
- OM [%]: 21.5
- CEC [meqg-1]: 270
- Clay fraction [%]: 94.0
SOIL 3B
- Name: Glacial till
- Sampling area: Orłowo Cliff—Gdynia
- Stratigraphy: Pleistocene–Middle Polish; Glaciation–Warthanian
- pH: 7.7
- OM [%]: 1.54
- CEC [meqg-1]: 64
- Clay fraction [%]: 62.3
SOIL 3C
- Name: Beach sand
- Sampling area: Orłowo - Gdynia
- Stratigraphy: Recent
- pH: 7.6
- OM [%]: 0.14
- CEC [meqg-1]: 30
- Clay fraction [%]: 0.17 - Details on test conditions:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Replicates: 3
- pH: varied (dependent on soil-type)
- Agitation time: 24 hours
TEST SYSTEM
- Method of preparation of test solution: ionic solutions were prepared in 0.01 M CaCl2
- Other: the aqueous phase was recovered as completely as possible, supernatant was analyzed right after - Remarks on result:
- other: see 'Any other information on results incl. tables'
- Adsorption and desorption constants:
- See 'Any other information on results incl. tables'. The majority of Koc-values was <100 L/kg. The higher Koc-values were determined in samples containing only small amounts of organic matter.
- Transformation products:
- not measured
- Statistics:
- Calculations were performed according to Folk and Ward Method (1957).
- Endpoint:
- adsorption / desorption: screening
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD, 2000. OECD Guideline for testing of chemicals. In: OECD (Ed.). 106.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- this research was conducted for academic purposes and was not therefore not GLP-compliant. Nonetheless, the study is acceptable for assessment.
- Type of method:
- batch equilibrium method
- Media:
- soil
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as published): 1-ethyl (EMIM) methylimidazolium (chloride)
- Purity: ≥ 98%
- Supplier: Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany) - Radiolabelling:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 17 (0.1 - 500 mM)
- Sampling interval: after 24 hours - Matrix no.:
- #1
- Matrix type:
- other: Agricultural chernozem
- % Clay:
- 57.1
- % Org. carbon:
- 11.9
- pH:
- 7.2
- CEC:
- 207 other: meq/g
- Matrix no.:
- #2
- Matrix type:
- other: Clayey brown soil
- % Clay:
- 69.3
- % Org. carbon:
- 3.5
- pH:
- 5.8
- CEC:
- 99 other: meq/g
- Matrix no.:
- #3
- Matrix type:
- other: Alluvial agricultural soil
- % Clay:
- 60.5
- % Org. carbon:
- 3.2
- pH:
- 6.6
- CEC:
- 298 other: meq/g
- Matrix no.:
- #4
- Matrix type:
- other: Loessy Brown soil
- % Clay:
- 47.4
- % Org. carbon:
- 3.8
- pH:
- 6.5
- CEC:
- 78 other: meq/g
- Matrix no.:
- #5
- Matrix type:
- other: Acidic Brown soil
- % Clay:
- 71.2
- % Org. carbon:
- 4.4
- pH:
- 5.2
- CEC:
- 70 other: meq/g
- Matrix no.:
- #6
- Matrix type:
- other: Forest Podsolic soil
- % Clay:
- 28.2
- % Org. carbon:
- 2.3
- pH:
- 4.3
- CEC:
- 48 other: meq/g
- Matrix no.:
- #7
- Matrix type:
- other: Sandy Brown soil
- % Clay:
- 73.8
- % Org. carbon:
- 4.2
- pH:
- 5.4
- CEC:
- 100 other: meq/g
- Matrix no.:
- #8
- Matrix type:
- other: Loess soil
- % Clay:
- 57.9
- % Org. carbon:
- 2.7
- pH:
- 5.3
- CEC:
- 130 other: meq/g
- Matrix no.:
- #9
- Matrix type:
- other: Sandy - clayey silt
- % Clay:
- 94
- % Org. carbon:
- 12.5
- pH:
- 5.3
- CEC:
- 270 other: meq/g
- Matrix no.:
- #10
- Matrix type:
- other: Glacial till
- % Clay:
- 62.3
- % Org. carbon:
- 0.9
- pH:
- 7.7
- CEC:
- 64 other: meq/g
- Matrix no.:
- #11
- Matrix type:
- other: Beach sand
- % Clay:
- 0.17
- % Org. carbon:
- 0.081
- pH:
- 7.6
- CEC:
- 30 other: meq/g
- Details on matrix:
- - Organic matter contents (OM%) from matrix number 1 to 11: 20.5, 6.0, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, 3.9, 7.3, 4.6, 21.5, 1.54 and 0.14%
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Replicates: 3
- Agitation time: 24 hours
TEST SYSTEM
- Method of preparation of test solution: ionic solutions were prepared in 0.01 M CaCl2
- Other: the aqueous phase was recovered as completely as possible, supernatant was analyzed right after - Remarks on result:
- other: see 'Any other information on results incl. tables'
- Adsorption and desorption constants:
- See 'Any other information on results incl. tables'. The majority of Koc-values was <100 L/kg. The higher Koc-values were determined in samples containing only small amounts of organic matter.
- Statistics:
- Excel 2007 (Microsoft Corp., Seattle, USA) and Statistica 7.1 (Statsoft, Tulsa, USA) were used for interpretation. Testing on normality was performed with the Kolgomorov-Smirnov test.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table: Determined Kf-values and re-calculated Koc-values
Sample |
Note |
Kf-values |
%Org carbon |
Koc-values |
Lufa 2.2 |
|
3.6 |
2.3 |
157 |
Lufa with 10% clay |
Kaolinite added |
3.3 |
2.3 |
143 |
Lufa with 15% clay |
Kaolinite added |
1.6 |
2.3 |
69 |
Lufa with 10% clay |
Smectite added |
218.2 |
2.3 |
9487 |
Lufa with 15% clay |
Smectite added |
n.d. |
2.3 |
- |
Lufa with 5% Corg |
|
10.3 |
2.3 |
448 |
Lufa with 10% Corg |
|
21.1 |
2.3 |
917 |
Table: Sorption coefficients and organic carbon adsorption coefficients (Koc-values).
Sample |
Note |
Kd-values |
%Org carbon |
Koc-values* |
Alluvial agricultural soil (#1) |
First layer |
3.3 |
3.2 |
103 |
|
Second layer |
2.3 |
3.2 |
72 |
Podsolic soil (#2) |
First layer |
1.7 |
2.3 |
75 |
|
Second layer |
0.7 |
2.3 |
31 |
Sandy-clayey silt (#3) |
First layer |
2.5 |
12.5 |
20 |
|
Second layer |
1.3 |
12.5 |
10 |
Glacial till (#4) |
First layer |
2.8 |
0.9 |
313 |
|
Second layer |
2 |
0.9 |
224 |
Beach sand (#5) |
First layer |
1.2 |
0.1 |
1478 |
|
Second layer |
0.5 |
0.1 |
616 |
*The respective Koc values were calculated from the available Kd values, as in accordance with OECD 106, paragraph 86.
Table: Sorption coefficients and organic carbon adsorption coefficients (Koc-values).
Sample |
Kd-values |
%Org carbon |
Koc-values* |
Agricultural chernozem (#1) |
2.7 |
11.9 |
23 |
Clayey brown soil (#2) |
2.6 |
3.5 |
75 |
Alluvial agricultural soil (#3) |
2.3 |
3.2 |
72 |
Loessy Brown soil (#4) |
2 |
3.8 |
53 |
Acidic Brown soil (#5) |
1.9 |
4.4 |
44 |
Forest Podsolic soil (#6) |
0.7 |
2.3 |
31 |
Sandy Brown soil (#7) |
1.4 |
4.2 |
33 |
Loess soil (#8) |
1.9 |
2.7 |
71 |
Sandy - clayey silt (#9) |
1.3 |
12.5 |
10 |
Glacial till (#10) |
2 |
0.9 |
224 |
Beach sand (#11) |
0.5 |
0.1 |
616 |
*The respective Koc values were calculated from the available Kd values, as in accordance with OECD 106, paragraph 86.
Description of key information
The adsorption coefficient (Koc) is assumed to be 357 L/kg (log Koc = 2.55), as a conservative approach. Based on a log Koc of <3, adsorption is not expected.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The adsorption / desorption potential of the substance is assessed in a weight-of-evidence approach, based on available literature. Several studies performed adsorption experiments with 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium and varying anionic moieties (either the inorganic chlorine or tetrafluoroborate).
Mrozik and colleagues investigated the adsorption potential of several ionic liquids, with a focus on alkylimidazoliums (Mrozik, 2009; Mrozik 2012). They determined the adsorption coefficient of 1-ethyl-3-methyl cyanocyanamide chloride in three soil types (study from 2009) and eleven soil types (study from 2012), using the batch-equilibrium technique (OECD 2000). Varying concentrations were used (0.1 - 0.3 mM and 0.1 - 500 mM, respectively). The mixtures were agitated for 24 hours, whereafter the concentration of substance was determined by analytical techniques from the recovered aqueous phase (supernatant). In the first study, the determined Kd's ranged from 1.2 - 3.3 L/kg for the first layer and 0.5 - 2.3 L/kg for the final concentration. In the second study, Kd's were determined to be in the range of 0.5 - 2.7 L/kg. These values were re-calculated (as in accordance with OECD 106) to Koc-values of which the majority of Koc-values was <100 L/kg. Higher Koc-values were determined in samples containing only small amounts of organic matter.
Matzke and colleagues (2008) also investigated the sorption and desorption potential of imidazolium based ionic liquids in different soil types. They determined the adsorption potential of 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate. In this study, performed according to OECD 2000, standard LUFA 2.2 soil was used as basis. Furthermore, the authors varied with clay content (either by addition of kaolinite or smectite) and organic matter for different test conditions. In total, ten different concentrations were analyzed (10, 45, 100, 450, 1000 and 4500 µmol/L). After 24 hours of incubation at 20 °C in the dark on a shaker, the aqueous phase was extracted from the soil after which the test concentrations were determined with a HPLC. Kf values (Freundlich coefficient) were determined to be in the range of 3.3 - 218.2, depending on the composition of the soil.
In conclusion, the majority of organic carbon adsorption coefficients were determined to be well below <100 L/kg. As a worst-case approach, a Koc-value of 357 L/kg will be used for the risk assessment.
INORGANIC MOIETY
The effect of the inorganic moiety Dicyanamide (CAS 504-66-5) on adsorption does not need to be regarded. As shown in the presented data, similar adsorption behaviour is observed, regardless of the anion present. Therefore, the assessment is based solely on the data available for 1-Methyl-3-ethylimidazolium (CAS 65039-03-4).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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