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EC number: 945-878-4 | CAS number: 93165-40-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1987
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted according to OECD Guideline 301 C but with deviations: no detail on material and methods
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no detail on material and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No data - Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- - Concentration of sludge: 30 ppm
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 2 wk
- Initial conc.:
- 100 other: ppm
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Details on study design:
- No data
- Preliminary study:
- No data
- Test performance:
- No data
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 86
- Sampling time:
- 2 wk
- Details on results:
- - Indirect analysis (BOD): 86%
- Direct analysis (GC): 99%
- Direct analysis (TOC): 87% - Results with reference substance:
- No data
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, myrcene beta was readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
In a ready biodegradation study performed according to OECD Guideline 301 C, myrcene beta was tested at concentrations of 100 ppm and the inoculum was activated sludge (30 ppm). The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the oxygen consumption.
At 100 ppm test concentration, 86% degradation by biochemical oxygen demand was reached in 2 weeks.
Under the test conditions, myrcene beta was readily biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 2010-06-09 to 2010-07-08
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: disseminated data
- Justification for type of information:
- https://echa.europa.eu/fr/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15934/5/3/2
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- ammonium chloride was omitted from the medium to prevent oxygen consumption due to nitrification (omission does not result in nitrogen limitation); activated sludge instead of an effluent/extract/mixture was used as inoculum
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Not applicable
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of secondary activated sludge: Activated sludge plant treating predominantly domestic waste water (Nieuwgraaf, Duiven, The Netherlands)
- Preconditioning: 400 mg Dry Weight (DW)/L of activated sludge was aerated for one week and then diluted in the BOD bottles
- Concentration of sludge: 400 mg DW/L - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 2 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: Nutrient medium contained per liter of deionised water: 8.5 mg KH2PO4, 21.75 mg K2HPO4, 33.3 mg Na2HPO4.2H2O, 22.5 mg MgSO4.7H2O, 27.5 mg CaCI2, 0.25 mg FeCI3.6H2O
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Deionised water containing no more than 0.01 mg/L Cu was prepared in a water purification system.
- Test temperature: 22-24 °C
- pH (at start of test): 7.0; pH (at end of test): 6.8 (control, control with silica gel and test)
- Continuous darkness: Yes
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: 0.30 L BOD (biological oxygen demand) bottles with glass stoppers
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 10 bottles containing only inoculum, 10 bottles containing inoculum and silica gel, 10 bottles containing inoculum and silica gel dosed with test substance, and 6 bottles containing sodium acetate and inoculum
- Test performed in closed vessels due to significant volatility of test substance: Yes
MEASURING EQUIPMENTS:
- Dissolved oxygen concentrations were determined electrochemically using an oxygen electrode (WTW TrioXmatic EO 200) and meter (WTW OXI 530) (Retsch, Ochten, The Netherlands)
- pH was measured using a Knick 765 calimatic pH meter (Elektronische Messgerate GmbH, Germany).
- Temperature was measured and recorded with a sensor connected to a data logger.
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: Two duplicate bottles of all series were withdrawn for analyses of the dissolved oxygen concentration at Days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28.
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: Yes; containing inoculum only
- Procedure control: Yes; containing reference substance (sodium acetate) with inoculated medium
- Toxicity control: No; test material was considered to be non-toxic to micro-organisms as inhibition of the endogenous respiration of the inoculum was not detected during the biodegradation test
- Other: Containing inoculum and silica gel - Reference substance:
- acetic acid, sodium salt
- Remarks:
- 6.7 mg/L; source: Acros organics, Belgium; purity: > 99%
- Preliminary study:
- No data
- Test performance:
- The validity of the test is demonstrated by an endogenous respiration of 1.0 mg/L at day 28. Sodium acetate was degraded 83% of its ThOD after 28 days. The validity of the test is also shown by oxygen concentrations > 0.5 mg/L in all bottles during the test period.
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 76
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- Initial test material concentration: 2 mg/L
- Theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) = 3.3 mg/mg
- % biodegradation on Day 3: > 10%
- % biodegradation on Day 13: > 60%
- % biodegradation on Day 28 = 76% - Results with reference substance:
- - Theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) = 0.8 mg/mg
- % biodegradation on Day 1: > 10%
- % biodegradation on Day 6: > 60%
- % biodegradation on Day 14 = 83% - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- endogenous respiration at Day 28 was 1.0 mg/L; differences of the replicate values at Day 28 were < 20%; degradation in reference material was 83% at Day 14; O2 concentration during the test was > 0.5 mg/L
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- (-)-β-Pinene was readily biodegradable in a test carried out according to OECD Guideline No 301 D.
- Executive summary:
In a ready biodegradation study performed according to OECD Guideline 301 D and GLP, (-)-β-pinene was tested at a concentration of 2 mg/L and the inoculum was domestic activated sewage sludge. The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the oxygen consumption. The test treatments, inoculum blank, and reference (sodium acetate) were measured in duplicates.
At 2 mg/L test concentration, greater than 10% biodegradation of the test substance was reached on Day 3 and greater than 60% biodegradation was reached on Day 13.The pass level for ready biodegradability was reached in the required 14-d window: 76% on Day 28.
The reference material (sodium acetate) reached greater than 60% biodegradation on Day 6. β-Pinene was considered to be non-toxic to micro-organisms as inhibition of the endogenous respiration of the inoculum was not detected during the test. Therefore, the study met the validity criteria for reference material and toxicity control. The endogenous respiration at Day 28 was 1.0 mg/L and oxygen concentration during the test was greater than 0.5 mg/L.
Therefore, (-)-β-pinene was readily biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- January-february 2016
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: disseminated data: GLP study conducted according to OECD guideline 301 D
- Justification for type of information:
- https://echa.europa.eu/fr/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/2226/5/3/2
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Not applicable
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- The inoculum is derived from a domestic wastewater treatment plant from the aeration tank of a sewage treatment plant receiving predominantly domestic sewage. A fresh sample is collected, and then filtered through a coarse filter about 1 mm). The decanted effluent is kept until required. Inoculum is pre-conditioned to the experimental conditions by aeration in mineral medium during 5 - 7 days at the test temperature.
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 2 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: as described in the OECD TG 301 guideline
- Additional substrate: No
- pH adjusted: no
- Continuous darkness: yes - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Preliminary study:
- None
- Test performance:
- None
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 79.3
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- None
- Results with reference substance:
- 62.5% biodegraded at Day 4.
78.1% biodegraded at Day 14. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Delta-3-carene was readily biodegradable was readily biodegradable in a test carried out according to OECD Guideline No 301 D.
- Executive summary:
In a ready biodegradation study performed according to OECD Guideline 301 D and GLP, Delta-3-carene was tested at a concentration of 2 mg/L and the inoculum was domestic activated sewage sludge. The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the oxygen consumption. The test treatments, inoculum blank, and reference (benzoic acid, sodium salt) were measured in duplicates. At 2 mg/L test concentration, greater than 10% biodegradation of the test substance was reached between Day 4 and Day 7 and greater than 60% biodegradation was reached on Day 14.The pass level for ready biodegradability was reached in the required 10-d window: 79.3% on Day 28. The reference material (benzoic acid, sodium salt) reached greater than 60% biodegradation on Day 4. Delta-3-carene was considered to be non-toxic to micro-organisms as inhibition of the endogenous respiration of the inoculum was not detected during the test. Therefore, the study met the validity criteria for reference material and toxicity control. The endogenous respiration at Day 28 was below 1.5 mg/L and oxygen concentration during the test was greater than 0.5 mg/L. Therefore, delta-3-carene was readily biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1980
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted according to OECD Guideline 301 C but with deviations: no detail on material and methods
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no detail on material and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- No data
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- - Concentration of sludge: 30 ppm
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 14 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 other: ppm
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Details on study design:
- No data
- Preliminary study:
- No data
- Test performance:
- No data
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- >= 41 - <= 98
- Sampling time:
- 14 d
- Details on results:
- - Indirect analysis (BOD): 41, 81 and 98%
- Direct analysis (GC): 100%
- Direct analysis (TOC): 50, 73 and 81% - Results with reference substance:
- No data
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, Limonene was readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
In a ready biodegradation study performed according to OECD Guideline 301 C, Limonene was tested at concentrations of 100 ppm and the inoculum was activated sludge (30 ppm). The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the oxygen consumption.
At 100 ppm test concentration, 41-98% degradation by biochemical oxygen demand was reached in 14 days.
Under the test conditions, Limonene was readily biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 2017-03-30 to 2017-03-30
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a (Q)SAR model, with limited documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- QSAR prediction
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- QSAR prediction
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- No data
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Not applicable
- Oxygen conditions:
- other: Not applicable
- Inoculum or test system:
- other: Not applicable
- Details on inoculum:
- Not applicable
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- Not applicable
- Preliminary study:
- Not applicable
- Test performance:
- Not applicable
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 11
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- not readily biodegradable based on QSAR/QSPR prediction
- Details on results:
- The outcome of the model for delta-cadinene is considered suitable to support the assessment of its biodegradability potential.
The model indicates that delta-cadinene acid achieves 11% biodegradation (BOD) after 28 days, not exceeding the 60 % pass level set by the OECD Guidelines for testing of Chemicals (301) for ready biodegradability of a substance. - Results with reference substance:
- Not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Delta-cadinene is predicted to be not readily biodegradable by the present model based on the large portion of the structure which is correctly predicted (i.e. >80% of the atom centered fragments).
- Executive summary:
The ready biodegradability of delta-cadinene has been investigated using the QSAR model CATALOGIC Kinetic 301F v.13.16 within LMC OASIS CATALOGIC v5.11.19. This model allows to predict the ready biodegradability of a substance in an OECD 301F study.
The outcome of the model for delta-cadinene is considered suitable to support the assessment of its biodegradability potential.
The model indicates that delta-cadinene acid achieves 11% biodegradation (BOD) after 28 days, not exceeding the 60 % pass level set by the OECD Guidelines for testing of Chemicals (301) for ready biodegradability of a substance.
Delta-cadinene is predicted to be not readily biodegradable by the present model based on the large portion of the structure which is correctly predicted (i.e. >80% of the atom centered fragments).
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 2007
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted according to OECD Guideline 301 C but with deviations: no detail on material and methods
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no detail on material and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- No data
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- - Concentration of sludge: 30 mg/L
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Details on study design:
- No data
- Preliminary study:
- No data
- Test performance:
- No data
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- >= 90 - <= 95
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- - Indirect analysis (BOD): 91, 90 and 95%
- Direct analysis (GC): 100, 100 and 100% - Results with reference substance:
- No data
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, alpha-pinene was readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
In a ready biodegradation study performed according to OECD Guideline 301 C, alpha-pinene was tested at concentrations of 100 mg/L and the inoculum was activated sludge (30 mg/L). The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the oxygen consumption.
At 100 mg/L test concentration, 90 -95% degradation (biochemical oxygen demand) was reached in 28 days.
Under the test conditions, alpha-pinene was readily biodegradable.
Referenceopen allclose all
None
Table 1:Dissolved oxygen concentrations (mg/L) in the closed bottles
Time (days) |
Oxygen concentration (mg/L) |
|||
Ocs |
Ot |
Oc |
Oa |
|
0 |
8.6 |
8.6 |
8.6 |
8.6 |
|
8.6 |
8.6 |
8.6 |
8.6 |
Mean (M) |
8.6 |
8.6 |
8.6 |
8.6 |
7 |
7.8 |
5.7 |
8 |
3.9 |
|
8 |
5.7 |
7.9 |
3.9 |
Mean (M) |
7.9 |
5.7 |
8 |
3.9 |
14 |
7.8 |
3.3 |
7.7 |
3.4 |
|
7.6 |
3.5 |
7.8 |
3.2 |
Mean (M) |
7.7 |
3.4 |
7.8 |
3.3 |
21 |
7.7 |
3 |
7.8 |
|
|
7.6 |
2.8 |
7.6 |
|
Mean (M) |
7.7 |
2.9 |
7.7 |
|
28 |
7.6 |
2.6 |
7.5 |
|
|
7.6 |
2.6 |
7.6 |
|
Mean (M) |
7.6 |
2.6 |
7.6 |
|
Ocs: Mineral nutrient solution without test material but with inoculum and silica gel
Ot: Mineral nutrient solution with test material (2.0 mg/L), silica gel, and inoculum
Oc: Mineral nutrient solution with only inoculum
Oa: Mineral nutrient solution with sodium acetate (6.7 mg/L) and with inoculum
Table 2: Oxygen consumption (mg/L) and the percentages biodegradation of the test substance, β-pinene (BOD/ThOD) and sodium acetate (BOD/ThOD) in the Closed Bottle test.
Time (days) |
Oxygen consumption (mg/L) |
Biodegradation (%) |
||
Test substance |
Acetate |
Test substance |
Acetate |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
2.2 |
4.1 |
33 |
76 |
14 |
4.3 |
4.5 |
65 |
83 |
21 |
4.8 |
|
74 |
|
28 |
5 |
|
76 |
|
No data
None
No data
None
Description of key information
Based on a Weight of Evidence approach with data on constituents, it can be possible to consider that the substance is readily biodegradable.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
Additional information
The major part of the mixture is composed by readily biodegradable constituents (see table below):
Constituents | CAS No | % in the mixture* | Biodegradation Results | Reference |
β-pinene | 127-91-3 | 58.97 | Ready biodegradable | ECHA, 2010 |
Δ-3-carene | 13466-78-9 | 7.72 | Ready biodegradable | ECHA, 2016 |
α-pinene | 80-56-8 | 7.17 | Ready biodegradable | MITI, 2007 |
limonene | 138-86-3 | 5.40 | Ready biodegradable | MITI, 1980 |
myrcene | 123-35-3 | 2.91 | Ready biodegradable | MITI, 1987 |
Δ-cadinene | 483-76-1 | 1.29 | Not RB | Firmenich SA, 2017 |
* these percentage values corresponds to the composition provided by the supplier of the substance in which all constituents above 1% are taken into account.
Based on a Weight of Evidence approach, it can be possible to consider that the substance is readily biodegradable.
Indeed, 5 constituents representing 82.17% of the substance (corresponding to more than 98% of the known constituents > 1% of the mixture) are readily biodegradable.
Moreover, 1 constituent representing 1.29% of the substance (equivalent to 1.55% of the known constituents > 1% of the mixture) is considered as not readily biodegradable.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.