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EC number: 205-811-5 | CAS number: 152-97-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 15 Mar - 15 Jun 2016
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 0.88, 9.4 and 100 mg/L
- Sampling method: Direct sampling
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: no storage, immediate measurement - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PRE-TREATMENT OF THE TEST SUBSTANCE:
- 100.1 mg of the test item were added to 1 litre of dilution water and treated for 1 h in an ultrasonic bath and stirred for 24 h on a magnetic stirrer
- Undissolved particles of the test item were removed by filtration using a folded filter with a pore size of 7-12 μm
- The pH was measured to be 7.7
- Appropriate amounts of the stock solution were diluted with dilution water to a volume of 100 mL to produce the different test item concentrations
- Appropriate amounts of the stock solution was diluted with dilution water to a volume of 100 mL and 0.532 mL of the algal inoculum was added to each replicate resulting in a final cell density of 5000 cells/mL
- For each test item concentration and the control 3 replicates were prepared - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST SPECIES:
- Source: Strain of the test species obtained from 'The Collection of Algal Cultures' of the Institute of Plant Physiology at the University of Göttingen (Germany)
- Maintenance and Acclimatisation: Exponentially growing stock cultures maintained in the test facility under constant temperature conditions (21-24 °C with a maximum fluctuation of +/- 2 °C)
- Light intensity: in the range 60 to 120 µE x m-2 x s-1 (measured in the range 400 to 700 nm using a spherical quantum flux meter)
- Renewal of the growth medium: once a week
- Cell density measurements: microcell counter, Sysmex F300, Digitana
- Preparation of pre cultures: Pre cultures were set up three days before the start of a test and grown under identical exposure conditions as the stock cultures, except from the use of a different growth medium
- Test cultures: The algal inocula for the test were taken from an exponentially growing pre culture and were mixed with the growth medium
- Final cell density: about 5000 cells per millilitre in the test medium - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- 22.5 mg/L CaCO3 (1.3 °dH)
- Test temperature:
- 21 - 24 °C
- pH:
- 7.9 -8.1
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Effective concentrations ranged from 98 % to 100 % of nominal values at 0 hours, and from 95 % to 101 % of nominal values at 72 hours.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST DESIGN
Exposure conditions:
- Test vessels: 300 mL Erlenmeyer flasks with cotton stoppers, test volume: 100 mL
- Culturing apparatus: Shaking incubator, temperature in the range 21 °C to 24 °C (+/- 2 °C); continuous uniform illumination in the spectral range 400 to 700 nm; temperature was measured and recorded daily
- Light intensity: 60 to 120 µE x m-2 x s-1, or an equivalent range of 4000 to 8000 lux, was measured
- Cell density measurements: measured in a microcell counter (Sysmex F300, Digitana) by taking small aliquots from each test flask, which were not replaced
- Experimental design: 7 test concentrations plus 1 control
- Replicates: 3 per test concentration, 3 replicates per control
- Initial cell density in the test cultures: approx. 5000 cells/mL
- Test item concentration/s: 7 (0.88, 1.9, 4.3, 9.4, 21, 45 and 100 mg/L)
- Method of administration: stock solution
- Criteria of effects: item-induced inhibition of yield and growth rate of the algal population
Calculations:
- Statistics programme: ToxRatPro Version 2.10 (released 2010-09-10)
- For the calculations all algae counts were divided by a factor of 10000 - Reference substance (positive control):
- not required
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 78 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- >= 60 - <= 115
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 16 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- >= 6.4 - <= 23.7
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 21 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 45 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 21 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- >= 11 - <= 40
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 7.7 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- >= 0.28 - <= 13
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 9.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 21 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- Effective concentrations ranged from 99 % to 101 % of nominal values at 0 hours, and from 100 % to 104 % of nominal values at 72 hours.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- for details please refer to "Any other information on results incl. tables"
- Conclusions:
- After 72 hours of exposure NOECr, LOECr, ErC10 and ErC50 were determined as 21 mg/L, 45 mg/L, 16 mg/L and 78 mg/L, respectively. All results are expressed in terms of nominal concentrations.
- Executive summary:
The toxicity to algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) was investigated in a static test according to EEC Methods for Determination of Ecotoxicity Annex to Directive 92/69/EEC (O.J. No. L383A, 29.12.92) Part C, Method 3 "Algal inhibition test". One range finding tests preceded the main test and provided information about the range of concentrations which were used in the main test. In the main test, the algae were exposed to the test item added to dilution water at a range of concentrations for a period of 72 hours. Defined concentrations of the test item led to a certain inhibition of algal yield and growth rate at the end of the 72 hour study period. Cell densities were recorded at 24 hour intervals. The 72 hour EC 10 and EC 50 were calculated by probit analysis. During the test a temperature range of 21 - 24 °C was maintained in the test vessels. The pH was measured at the beginning of the test and after 72 hours of exposure. The maintenance of the test item concentrations was proved by analytical measurements. In order to avoid an impairment of the test system, an additional replicate was used for analysis and pH measurement at the beginning of the test. Chemical analysis and pH measurement at the end of the test. After 72 hours of exposure NOECr, LOECr, ErC10 and ErC50 were determined as 21 mg/L, 45 mg/L, 16 mg/L and 78 mg/L, respectively. All results are expressed in terms of nominal concentrations. Effective concentrations ranged from 98 % to 100 % of nominal values at 0 hours, and from 95 % to 101 % of nominal values at 72 hours. The validity criteria of the test were met and therefore this toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirements for the Algae study.
Reference
Validity criteria for the measurement of the algae toxicity
Target condition according to guideline: | Actual condition according to the study: | Validity criteria met: |
Exponentially growing test organisms are exposed to the test substance in batch cultures over a period of normally 72 hours. | Test organisms: Scenedesmus subspicatus Test period: 72 h | Yes |
The biomass in the control cultures should have increased exponentially by a factor of at least 16 within the 72-hour test period. | Growth in the control flasks after 3 days showed a reproduction rate that was greater than a factor of 16. Areas ("biomass integrals") under the growth curves of Scenedesmus subspicatus also showed a minimum of 16-fold increase after 72 h. | Yes |
For the final definitive test at least five concentrations, arranged in a geometric series with a factor not exceeding 3.2, should be selected. For test substances showing a flat concentration response curve a higher factor may be justified. The concentration series should preferably cover the range causing 5-75 % inhibition of algal growth rate. | Test concentration no.: 7 Factor of geometric series of test conc.: 2 Conc. series cover the range causing following inhibition of algal growth rate after 72 h: -14.6 - 95.0 % | Yes |
The cultures should be maintained at a temperature in the range of 21 to 24°C, controlled at ± 2°C. | Incubation was at 23 ± 2°C | Yes |
The pH of the control medium should not increase by more than 1.5 units during the test. | Solvent control medium pH was 8.05 at the beginning of the test and 10.10 after 72 h. | Comment in the report: At the start of the test, the solvent control cultures had a pH of 8.05. At the end of the test (72 h), the rapid growth of the algal cells had changed the pH to 10.10 units. Although slightly higher (0.55 units) than suggested in the Guidelines, it did not interfere with interpretation of the test, or determination of the toxicity values.
Yes
|
Description of key information
After 72 hours of exposure NOECr, LOECr, ErC10 and ErC50 were determined as 21 mg/L, 45 mg/L, 16 mg/L and 78 mg/L, respectively. All results are expressed in terms of nominal concentrations.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 78 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 21 mg/L
Additional information
Effective concentrations ranged from 98 % to 100 % of nominal values at 0 hours, and from 95 % to 101 % of nominal values at 72 hours.
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