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EC number: 203-338-9 | CAS number: 105-85-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 10 May 2017 - 10 August 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 017
- Report date:
- 2017
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- 1997
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- Version / remarks:
- 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- bacterial forward mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Citronellyl formate
- EC Number:
- 203-338-9
- EC Name:
- Citronellyl formate
- Cas Number:
- 105-85-1
- Molecular formula:
- C11H20O2
- IUPAC Name:
- 3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-yl formate
Constituent 1
Method
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Phenobarbital/β-naphthoflavone induced rat liver S9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Pre-Experiment/Experiment I:
3; 10; 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500; and 5000 μg/plate
Experiment II:
Strains TA 1535 and WP2 uvrA: 10; 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500; and 5000 μg/plate
The remaining strains: 3; 10; 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500; and 5000 μg/plate
Justification for top dose: according to OECD guideline 471 - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle/solvent used: DMSO
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- sodium azide
- methylmethanesulfonate
- other: 4-nitro-o-phenylene-diamine: TA 1537, TA 98 without metabolic activation, 2-aminoanthracene: TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100, WP2 uvrA with metabolic activation
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: experiment I: in agar (plate incorporation); experiment II: preincubation
DURATION
- Preincubation period: 60 minutes.
- Exposure duration: ≥ 48 hours
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3 (two independent experiments)
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: counting numbers of revertants and inspection of the bacterial background lawn - Evaluation criteria:
- A test item is considered as a mutagen if a biologically relevant increase in the number of revertants exceeding the threshold of twice (strains TA 98, TA 100, and WP2 uvrA) or thrice (strains TA 1535 and TA 1537) the colony count of the corresponding solvent control is observed.
A dose dependent increase is considered biologically relevant if the threshold is exceeded at more than one concentration.
An increase exceeding the threshold at only one concentration is judged as biologically relevant if reproduced in an independent second experiment.
A dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies below the threshold is regarded as an indication of a mutagenic potential if reproduced in an independent second experiment. However, whenever the colony counts remain within the historical range of negative and solvent controls such an increase is not considered biologically relevant. - Statistics:
- no statistical analysis
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- at concentrations ≥ 333 µg/plate
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- at concentrations ≥ 100 µg/plate
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- at concentrations ≥ 333 µg/plate
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- at concentrations ≥ 100 µg/plate
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- at concentrations ≥ 333 µg/plate
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Precipitation: No precipitation of the test item occurred up to the highest investigated dose.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Summary of Experiment I
Metabolic Activation |
Test Group |
Dose Level (per plate) |
Revertant Colony Counts (Mean ± SD) |
||||
TA 1535 |
TA 1537 |
TA 98 |
TA 100 |
WP2 uvrA |
|||
Without Activation |
DMSO |
|
10 ± 4 |
12 ± 3 |
22 ± 5 |
162 ± 12 |
36 ± 6 |
Untreated |
|
11 ± 4 |
9 ± 3 |
25 ± 2 |
175 ± 24 |
37 ± 3 |
|
Test item |
3 µg |
12 ± 2 |
12 ± 2 |
26 ± 9 |
151 ± 4 |
34 ± 7 |
|
10 µg |
13 ± 3 |
13 ± 3 |
25 ± 5 |
142 ± 13 |
35 ± 10 |
||
33 µg |
10 ± 1 |
11 ± 4 |
26 ± 5 |
137 ± 7 |
40 ± 2 |
||
100 µg |
9 ± 5 |
7 ± 4 |
16 ± 5 |
110 ± 15 |
40 ± 9 |
||
333 µg |
10 ± 4 |
8 ± 3R |
20 ± 6R |
54 ± 2R |
41 ± 1 |
||
1000 µg |
7 ± 3 |
10 ± 2R |
17 ± 5R |
51 ± 4R |
37 ± 6 |
||
2500 µg |
8 ± 3 |
8 ± 5R |
16 ± 3R |
57 ± 10R |
40 ± 4 |
||
5000 µg |
8 ± 2 |
10 ± 2R |
13 ± 1R |
35 ± 3M R |
41 ± 8 |
||
NaN3 |
10 µg |
1284 ± 13 |
|
|
2059 ± 79 |
|
|
4-NOPD |
10 µg |
|
|
346 ± 17 |
|
|
|
4-NOPD |
50 µg |
|
62 ± 5 |
|
|
|
|
MMS |
2.0 µL |
|
|
|
|
934 ± 30 |
|
With Activation |
DMSO |
|
14 ± 3 |
18 ± 6 |
26 ± 7 |
158 ± 7 |
47 ± 2 |
Untreated |
|
14 ± 6 |
16 ± 5 |
33 ± 4 |
166 ± 8 |
54 ± 8 |
|
Test item |
3 µg |
12 ± 3 |
16 ± 3 |
32 ± 5 |
130 ± 26 |
47 ± 5 |
|
10 µg |
13 ± 3 |
18 ± 8 |
31 ± 4 |
134 ± 8 |
39 ± 9 |
||
33 µg |
13 ± 4 |
12 ± 1 |
28 ± 9 |
143 ± 16 |
51 ± 8 |
||
100 µg |
12 ± 5 |
15 ± 2 |
32 ± 8 |
148 ± 9 |
53 ± 11 |
||
333 µg |
9 ± 3 |
10 ± 4R |
31 ± 4R |
94 ± 24R |
40 ± 11 |
||
1000 µg |
11 ± 3R |
4 ± 1M R |
16 ± 2R M |
25 ± 2R |
29 ± 8 |
||
2500 µg |
6 ± 2R M |
3 ± 1M R |
1 ± 1M R |
1 ± 1R |
21 ± 6 |
||
5000 µg |
7 ± 3M R |
3 ± 1M R |
0 ± 0R |
0 ± 0R |
25 ± 2 |
||
2-AA |
2.5 µg |
533 ± 60 |
154 ± 14 |
3890 ± 433 |
4101 ± 294 |
|
|
2-AA |
10.0 µg |
|
|
|
|
444 ± 24 |
NaN3: sodium azide, 2-AA: 2-aminoanthracene, 4-NOPD: 4-nitro-o-phenylene-diamine, MMS:methyl methane sulfonate, R: Reduced background growth, M: Manual count
Table 2: Summary of Experiment II
Metabolic Activation |
Test Group |
Dose Level (per plate) |
Revertant Colony Counts (Mean ± SD) |
||||
TA 1535 |
TA 1537 |
TA 98 |
TA 100 |
WP2 uvrA |
|||
Without Activation |
DMSO |
|
11 ± 4 |
8 ± 3 |
18 ± 4 |
182 ± 12 |
41 ± 9 |
Untreated |
|
10 ± 2 |
10 ± 3 |
22 ± 1 |
213 ± 3 |
44 ± 7 |
|
Test item |
3 µg |
|
9 ± 3 |
21 ± 5 |
180 ± 3 |
|
|
10 µg |
11 ± 5 |
8 ± 4 |
18 ± 8 |
172 ± 4 |
44 ± 5 |
||
33 µg |
9 ± 2 |
10 ± 3 |
18 ± 3 |
153 ± 18 |
46 ± 9 |
||
100 µg |
10 ± 2 |
6 ± 1R |
19 ± 6 |
71 ± 25R |
35 ± 3 |
||
333 µg |
9 ± 3 |
9 ± 3R |
18 ± 5R |
47 ± 9R |
36 ± 8 |
||
1000 µg |
8 ± 2 |
8 ± 1R |
19 ± 3R |
46 ± 6R |
31 ± 7 |
||
2500 µg |
11 ± 3R |
10 ± 4R |
7 ± 3R M |
26 ± 5M R |
41 ± 9 |
||
5000 µg |
10 ± 5R |
2 ± 1M R |
6 ± 1M R |
8 ± 2M R |
40 ± 7 |
||
NaN3 |
10 µg |
1218 ± 30 |
|
|
1468 ± 71 |
|
|
4-NOPD |
10 µg |
|
|
290 ± 7 |
|
|
|
4-NOPD |
50 µg |
|
81 ± 6 |
|
|
|
|
MMS |
2.0 µL |
|
|
|
|
537 ± 47 |
|
With Activation |
DMSO |
|
11 ± 2 |
10 ± 1 |
34 ± 6 |
181 ± 13 |
52 ± 9 |
Untreated |
|
12 ± 1 |
12 ± 4 |
38 ± 3 |
201 ± 3 |
71 ± 14 |
|
Test item |
3 µg |
|
13 ± 4 |
30 ± 8 |
166 ± 14 |
|
|
10 µg |
14 ± 2 |
12 ± 4 |
38 ± 7 |
171 ± 21 |
58 ± 11 |
||
33 µg |
10 ± 2 |
10 ± 4 |
38 ± 3 |
158 ± 5 |
57 ± 8 |
||
100 µg |
13 ± 2 |
11 ± 3 |
36 ± 9 |
133 ± 18 |
62 ± 9 |
||
333 µg |
7 ± 2M R |
3 ± 1R M |
6 ± 1R M |
71 ± 7M R |
36 ± 8R |
||
1000 µg |
5 ± 1M R |
2 ± 1M R |
1 ± 1R |
28 ± 9M R |
27 ± 4R |
||
2500 µg |
3 ± 1M R |
0 ± 0R |
0 ± 0R |
7 ± 2R M |
9 ± 2M R |
||
5000 µg |
2 ± 1M R |
0 ± 0R |
0 ± 0R |
0 ± 0R |
11 ± 1M R |
||
2-AA |
2.5 µg |
376 ± 1 |
119 ± 20 |
3852 ± 420 |
4094 ± 290 |
|
|
2-AA |
10.0 µg |
|
|
|
|
492 ± 60 |
NaN3: sodium azide, 2-AA: 2-aminoanthracene, 4-NOPD: 4-nitro-o-phenylene-diamine, MMS:methyl methane sulfonate, R: Reduced background growth, M: Manual count
Table 2: Historicla data
Strain |
|
without S9 mix |
with S9 mix |
||||||
Mean |
SD |
Min |
Max |
Mean |
SD |
Min |
Max |
||
TA 1535 |
Solvent control Untreated control Positive control |
12 12 1130 |
2.5 3.1 143.1 |
6 6 334 |
25 28 1816 |
12 12 388 |
2.5 2.9 58.2 |
7 7 176 |
26 26 668 |
TA 1537 |
Solvent control Untreated control Positive control |
10 11 82 |
2.2 2.7 12.7 |
6 5 43 |
19 21 157 |
13 14 191 |
3.5 4.0 60.8 |
7 7 83 |
30 31 434 |
TA 98 |
Solvent control Untreated control Positive control |
25 27 378 |
4.4 4.9 73.7 |
13 12 211 |
43 43 627 |
34 37 3949 |
6.2 6.5 771.8 |
15 11 360 |
58 57 6586 |
TA 100 |
Solvent control Untreated control Positive control |
156 176 1966 |
26.0 23.6 293.2 |
78 79 498 |
209 217 2767 |
148 172 3798 |
32.3 25.4 830.4 |
73 85 536 |
208 218 6076 |
WP2uvrA |
Solvent control Untreated control Positive control |
41 42 798 |
5.6 5.8 362.7 |
27 30 319 |
63 63 4732 |
50 52 378 |
6.8 6.8 112.6 |
28 36 167 |
72 88 1265 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Based on the results of this study it is concluded that the test item is non-mutagenic in the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100, and the Escherichia coli strain WP2uvrA in the absence and presence of S9-mix.
- Executive summary:
The genetic toxicity of the test item was assessed using the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100, and the Escherichia coli strain WP2uvrA, in accordance with OECD 471 guideline and GLP principles in two independent experiments (direct plate assay and a preincubation assay). No precipitation of the test item occurred up to the highest investigated dose. The negative and strain-specific positive control values were within the laboratory background historical control data ranges.
The plates incubated with the test item showed reduced background growth up in all strains with metabolic activation and in all strains, except of strain WP2uvrA without metabolic activation.
Toxic effects, evident as a reduction in the number of revertants, were observed in all strains with metabolic activation and in strains TA 1537, TA 98, and TA 100 without metabolic activation.
No substantial increase in revertant colony numbers of any of the five tester strains was observed following treatment with the test item at any dose level, neither in the presence nor absence of metabolic activation (S9 mix). There was also no tendency of higher mutation rates with increasing concentrations in the range below the generally acknowledged border of biological relevance.
Based on the results of this study it is concluded that the test item is non-mutagenic in the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100, and the Escherichia coli strain WP2uvrA in the absence and presence of S9-mix.
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