Aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex

Toxicity to microorganisms

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

toxicity to microorganisms, other

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Remarks:

Experimental data of test chemical

Justification for type of information:

Experimental data of test chemical from handbook or collection of data

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Refer below principle

Principles of method if other than guideline:

WoE report is prepared based on toxicity to microorganism studies:
WoE-2 and WoE-3

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Details on sampling:

1. Concentrations: The test chemical conc. used for the study was 1000 mg/l (0.1%) and 10000 mg/l (1%)

Vehicle:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

other: 1. Paramecium caudatum, 2.Vibrio fisheri

Details on inoculum:

1. Laboratory culture: No data available
Method of cultivation: Food dye (test chemical) of 0.1% conc. was put in a hollow slide glass, and an equal volume of 0.04 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, was added. After 5 to 10 Paramecium caudatum were added, their survival times were measured microscopically. 30 to 40 test organism for each conc. were tested and the mean survival time and the death rate was calculated.
Preparation of inoculum for exposure: No data available
Pretreatment: No data available
Initial biomass concentration: No data available

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

20 min

Post exposure observation period:

1. After 20 mins, the mean survival time and the death rate was calculated. 2. 30.0 min exposure was provided to the microorganism

Test temperature:

2. 20 °C

Nominal and measured concentrations:

1. nominal concentrations
2. 500–5000 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

1. Test vessel: Hollow slide glass
Type (delete if not applicable): No data available
Material, size, headspace, fill volume: No data available
Aeration: No data available
Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): No data available
Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): No data available
No. of organisms per vessel: 30 to 40 test organism for each test conc. was taken for the study.
No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): No data available
No. of vessels per control (replicates): No data available
No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): No data available
Biomass loading rate: No data available

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
Source/preparation of dilution water: No data available
Total organic carbon: No data available
Particulate matter: No data available
Metals: No data available
Pesticides: No data available
Chlorine: No data available
Alkalinity: No data available
Ca/mg ratio: No data available
Conductivity: No data available
Culture medium different from test medium: No data available
Intervals of water quality measurement: No data available

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
Adjustment of pH: No data available
Photoperiod: No data available
Light intensity: No data available

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): After 20 mins, the mean survival time and the death rate was calculated.

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
Spacing factor for test concentrations: No data available
Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: No data available
Range finding study: No data available
Test concentrations: 10000 mg/l (1%) and 1000 mg/l (0.1%)
Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: No data available

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Duration:

20 min

Dose descriptor:

other: greater than EC50

Effect conc.:

10 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth inhibition

Remarks on result:

other: 1st study

Duration:

30 min

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

1 375 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: inhibition % of light production

Remarks on result:

other: 2nd study

1.The mean survival time (in sec) of test organismParamecium caudatum was determined to be 695 seconds.

 

Table 1:EFFECT OF FOOD DYES ON THE MEAN SURVIVAL TIME AND DEATH RATE OF Paramecium caudatum

 

Test chemical	Dye concentration
	1.0%		0.1%
	Mean survival time (sec)	Death rate (%)	Mean survival time (sec)	Death rate (%)
Test chemical	695	77.4	-*	3.3

-* indicates no deaths were observed for 20 minutes

2. The toxic effects were observed in similar ranges of dye concentrations in the flash luminescence test and protozoan tests, in spite of different endpoints involved. Compared to other compounds, the dyes used were not very efficient in inhibiting luminescence The effective dye concentrations exceeded those normally encountered in textile industry environmental pollution . Due to its simplicity and rapidity, the flash test was suitable for determination of toxicity of dye compounds, but its use for toxicity evaluation of dye containing diluted effluents could be limited because of the low sensitivity to these compounds.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

The test substance shows moderate to negligible toxicity of inhibition range 1375 mg/l - 10000 mg/l.

Executive summary:

Various studies available for the test chemical were reviewed to determine the toxic nature of test chemical on the growth and other activity of microorganisms. The studies are as mentioned below:

In the first study the death of Paramecium caudatum (PC), a unicellular animal, can be observed more readily and in far less time than that of small animals. Hence a bioassay was conducted to study the toxic effect of Test chemical. Paramecium Caudatum was maintained at 22°C on 0.15 % dried lettuce infusion and fed with Aerobacter aerogenes. Chemical was tested in 0.1% and 1% concentration. The test concentrations were put in a hollow slide glass, and an equal volume of 0.04 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, was added. After 5 to 10 test organisms were added, their survival times were measured microscopically. Thirty to forty test organisms for each concentration were tested by the same method, and the mean survival time and the death rate were calculated. The survival time was defined as the time required until death was observed for each concentration. Death was assumed to have occurred when there was no movement. The death rate was defined as the percentage of deaths observed during 20 minutes. The mean survival time (in sec) of test organism Paramecium caudatum was determined to be 695 seconds.  The death rate of the test organism at 10000 mg/l was 77.4%. Therefore the Effective concentration causing more than 50% death of Paramecium caudatum was reported as 10000 mg/l.

Another study was also reviewed from peer reviewed journal in this study the exposure times of test chemical were 30 s and 30 min, and the peak luminescence value was obtained during the first 5 s after adding the bacterial suspension to the sample. The tested concentrations amounted to 500–5000 mg/l with RO16. The results were calculated as the inhibition % of light production and expressed using the corresponding EC50 values. With 30-min exposure time, EC50 values is determine to be 1375 mg/L for the test chemical. Thus based on the EC50 value, chemical consider to be nontoxic to the growth of microorganism.

Thus based on the overall studies for the test chemical, chemical consider to be nontoxic and the toxicity ranges from the concentration 1375 mg/l - 10000 mg/l.

Description of key information

The test substance shows moderate to negligible toxicity of inhibition range 1375 mg/l - 10000 mg/l.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC50 for microorganisms:

1 375 mg/L

Additional information

Toxicity to microorganisms:

Various studies available for the test chemical were reviewed to determine the toxic nature of test chemical on the growth and other activity of microorganisms. The studies are as mentioned below:

 

In the first study the death of Paramecium caudatum (PC), a unicellular animal, can be observed more readily and in far less time than that of small animals. Hence a bioassay was conducted to study the toxic effect of Test chemical. Paramecium Caudatum was maintained at 22°C on 0.15 % dried lettuce infusion and fed with Aerobacter aerogenes. Chemical was tested in 0.1% and 1% concentration. The test concentrations were put in a hollow slide glass, and an equal volume of 0.04 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, was added. After 5 to 10 test organisms were added, their survival times were measured microscopically. Thirty to forty test organisms for each concentration were tested by the same method, and the mean survival time and the death rate were calculated. The survival time was defined as the time required until death was observed for each concentration. Death was assumed to have occurred when there was no movement. The death rate was defined as the percentage of deaths observed during 20 minutes. The mean survival time (in sec) of test organismParamecium caudatumwas determined to be 695 seconds.  The death rate of the test organism at 10000mg/l was 77.4%. Therefore the Effective concentration causing more than 50% death of Paramecium caudatum was reported as 10000 mg/l.

 

First study was supported by the second study from peer reviewed journal. The exposure times were 30 s and 30 min, and the peak luminescence value was obtained during the first 5 s after adding the bacterial suspension to the sample. The tested concentrations amounted to 500–5000 mg/l with RO16. The results were calculated as the inhibition % of light production and expressed using the corresponding EC50 values. With 30-min exposure time, EC50 values is determine to be 1375 mg/L for the test chemical. Thus based on the EC50 value, chemical consider to be nontoxic to the growth of microorganism.

 

Thus based on the overall studies for the test chemical, chemical consider to be nontoxic and the toxicity ranges from the concentration 1375 mg/l - 10000 mg/l.