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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 263-467-1 | CAS number: 62229-08-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Genetic toxicity: in vivo
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vivo mammalian germ cell study: cytogenicity / chromosome aberration
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 977
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Monkeys on a normal diet were given 0, 1.5, 6, or 15 mg lead acetate in drinking water six days per week. Monkeys on a low-calcium diet were given 6 mg lead acetate in the same manner. Chromosome analysis was conducted on cultured lymphocytes from each monkey after 3, 10, and 16 months of treatment.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- other: Mammalian chromosome aberration assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Acetic acid, lead salt, basic
- EC Number:
- 257-175-3
- EC Name:
- Acetic acid, lead salt, basic
- Cas Number:
- 51404-69-4
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- monkey
- Strain:
- other: Macaca irus
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Age at study initiation: young (age not specified).
- Weight at study initiation: 2.8 kg
- Diet: ad libitum, normal or low-calcium diet.
- Water: ad libitum during the day; no water supplied at night.
- Acclimation period: 2 months.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- not reported
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: drinking water
- Details on exposure:
- Monkeys received treatment in the morning in the first 20 mL of drinking water. There were two dose groups for the 6 mg/day dose: one group on a normal diet and one group on a low-calcium diet.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 16 months.
- Frequency of treatment:
- 6 days/week.
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- 0, 1.5, 6, 15 mg/day
Basis: nominal conc.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 2 males per dose group.
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Positive control(s):
- None.
Examinations
- Tissues and cell types examined:
- Blood was collected from the femoral vein after 3, 10, and 16 months and lymphocytes were cultured.
- Details of tissue and slide preparation:
- Blood samples were collected from the femoral vein after 3, 10, and 16 months of exposure and lymphocytes were cultured in Ham's F-10 medium and prepared according to Deknudt et al. (1973).
- Evaluation criteria:
- From each culture, 100 metaphases (200 total from each monkey) were analyzed for numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations.
- Statistics:
- Chi-square test.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Sex:
- male
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Toxicity:
- yes
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- not examined
Any other information on results incl. tables
One monkey in each of the 1.5 and 15 mg groups and both monkeys in the 6 mg group died between 10 and 16 months. Lead treatment at all doses increased the incidence of slight aberrations (i.e., gaps and fragments) regardless of diet and the frequency increased with time. Severe aberrations (exchanges, translocations, rings, and dicentrics) were increased only in the low-calcium diet group compared to controls as well as to animals receiving the same dose of lead on a normal diet, but no influence of treatment length was observed.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information): positive
The authors concluded that lead increased the frequency of chromosomal aberrations over time, with the most severe effects occurring in animals on a low-calcium diet. - Executive summary:
Monkeys on a normal diet were given 0, 1.5, 6, or 15 mg lead acetate in drinking water six days per week. Monkeys on a low-calcium diet were given 6 mg lead acetate in the same manner. Chromosome analysis was conducted on cultured lymphocytes from each monkey after 3, 10, and 16 months of treatment. One monkey in each of the 1.5 and 15 mg groups and both monkeys in the 6 mg group died between 10 and 16 months. Lead treatment at all doses increased the incidence of slight aberrations (i.e., gaps and fragments) regardless of diet and the frequency increased with time. Severe aberrations (exchanges, translocations, rings, and dicentrics) were increased only in the low-calcium diet group compared to controls as well as to animals receiving the same dose of lead on a normal diet, but no influence of treatment length was observed.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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