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EC number: 200-817-4 | CAS number: 74-87-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Assessment of the genotoxic effects of methyl chloride in human lymphoblasts
- Author:
- Fostel, J. et al.
- Year:
- 1 985
- Bibliographic source:
- Mutation research 155:75-81
- Reference Type:
- secondary source
- Title:
- Chloromethane CAS: 74-87-3
- Author:
- OECD SIDS
- Year:
- 2 004
- Bibliographic source:
- SIDS Initial Assessment Report for SIAM 15 ; www.iccahpv.com
- Reference Type:
- secondary source
- Title:
- Methyl Chloride
- Author:
- Löf, A. et al.
- Year:
- 2 000
- Bibliographic source:
- Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 28
- Reference Type:
- secondary source
- Title:
- Toxicological review of methyl chloride (CAS No. 74-87-3)
- Author:
- Greenberg, M. and Riddle, J.
- Year:
- 2 001
- Bibliographic source:
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA/635/R01/003
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 476 (In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no test with metabolic activation was performed
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- mammalian cell gene mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Chloromethane
- EC Number:
- 200-817-4
- EC Name:
- Chloromethane
- Cas Number:
- 74-87-3
- Molecular formula:
- CH3Cl
- IUPAC Name:
- chloromethane
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): methyl chloride
- Analytical purity: no data
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- thymidine kinase
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- human lymphoblastoid cells (TK6)
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- - Type and identity of media: RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 20% heat-inactivated horse serum and penicillin
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Metabolic activation system:
- no
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5% chloromethane (1% chloromethane is equivalent to 0.73 mM (38.37 mg/L).)
- Vehicle / solvent:
- none
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- no
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: ethylmethanesulphonate (0.2 and 0.4 mM) and methylmethanesulphonate (0.025 and 0.05 mM)
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in medium
Between 2 and 2.5 x 10^7 TK6 cells were added to each of three 50 mL aliquots of complete medium in 75 cm2 flasks with lids that had been punctered with a 16-gauge needle. The flasks were sealed into 1.9 L Gas Pak chambers and 9 changes of an atmosphere containing a known concentration of chloromethane were pumped through each chamber. To correlate the percent of atmospheric chloromethane with chloromethane concentration in the culture medium, a small volume of [14C]chloromethane was added to pure chloromethane to generate a mixture of chloromethane with a known specific activity.
DURATION
- Exposure duration: 3 h
- Expression time (cells in growth medium): 3 d from the point where growth rate was normal again
- Selection time (if incubation with a selection agent): 12-14 d
SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays): 1 µg trifluorothymidine/ mL
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 2 (4 experiments per replication)
NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: 4 x 10^4 each experiment
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY: extrapolation of the exponential portion of the growth curve back to the treatment time - Evaluation criteria:
- The mutant fraction was calculated by dividing the efficiency of colony formation in the mutant dishes by the efficiency of colony formation on the dishes without selection.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- human lymphoblastoid cells (TK6)
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Remarks:
- dose-dependent increase
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- at all concentrations there was a lag in the growth of the cultures
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Water solubility: according to measurements a linear relationship between atmospheric concentration of chloromethane and concentration in the medium was observed. 1% chloromethane is equivalent to 0.73 mM (38.37 mg/L). - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
positive without metabolic activation
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