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EC number: 231-105-1 | CAS number: 7439-96-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Restrictions - no claims that the study had been conducted and reported according to international accepted guidelines or in compliance with the principles of GLP. However, the study has been recently conducted and appears to contain a significant level of detail.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Manganese distribution in the brain and neurobehavioral changes following inhalation exposure of rats to three chemical forms of manganese.
- Author:
- Normandin L, Ann Beaupre L, Salehi F, St -Pierre A, Kennedy G, Mergler D, Butterworth RF, Philippe S and Zayed J
- Year:
- 2 004
- Bibliographic source:
- Neurotoxicology 25:433-441
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- distribution
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The purpose of this study is to compare the patterns of Mn distribution in various brain regions (olfactory bulb, frontal parietal cortex, globus
pallidus, striatum and cerebellum) and other tissues (lung, liver, kidney, testis) and the neurobehavioral damage following inhalation exposure of rats to three Mn species. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Manganese
- EC Number:
- 231-105-1
- EC Name:
- Manganese
- Cas Number:
- 7439-96-5
- Molecular formula:
- Mn
- IUPAC Name:
- manganese
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material: Metallic manganese (Mn)
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- no
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: Sprague–Dawley CD (Crl:CD[SD] IGS BR)
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River (St. Constant, Quebec, Canada)
- Age at study initiation: aged between 34 and 38 days
- Weight at study initiation: weighing 125–150 g
- Housing: Rats were individually housed in a polycarbonate cage with stainless steel wire lids under constant conditions of temperature, humidity
- Diet: Ad libitum
- Water: Ad libitum
- Acclimation period: Acclimatized for a week prior to initiation of the study
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hour cycle
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: dust
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on exposure:
- TYPE OF INHALATION EXPOSURE: whole body
GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMPER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: Inhalation exposure was conducted in two rectangular stainless steel chambers (131 cm long, 65 cm wide and 125 cm deep) with a total volume of 1 m3 each (Hazelton Systems Company Inc., Kalamazoo, Michigan).
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: Rats were housed individually in 15 cm (long) x 15 cm (wide) x 20 cm (deep) stainless steel wire mesh cages.
- Source and rate of air: Mn aerosol particles were supplied to the inhalation chamber using a Fluidized Bed Aerosol Generator (Model 3400 TSI Inc., St.-Paul, MN).
- Method of conditioning air: Air entering the chamber was filtered through a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter. Before entering the chamber, Mn aerosol particles were delivered through a stainless steel AS ME pressure tank (Model 73, Mc Master-Carr, NJ) that allowed settling of larger Mn aerosol particles
- Method of particle size determination: Once every 2 weeks, air samples were collected using a six-stage Marple Personal cascade Impactor in order to establish the particle size. - Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- Rats were placed in the inhalation chamber 6 h per day, 5 days per week during 13 consecutive weeks.
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
A group was exposed to a target level of approximately 4000 mg/m3 of metallic Mn. A control group was used. Rodent pellet chow and tap water were available ad libitum except when the animals were in the exposure chambers. Manganese concentration in this diet was approximately 95 ppm while Mn concentration in drinking water was approximately 0.001 ppm.
- No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:
- Animals were randomly divided into four groups of 15
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent no treatment
- Details on dosing and sampling:
- PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY
- Tissues and body fluids sampled : All brains were removed and were hemisected in the sagittal plane. The right brain hemisphere, to be used for Mn analysis, was dissected into five regions: olfactory bulb, frontal parietal cortex, cerebellum, globus pallidus and striatum. During striatum and globus pallidus dissection, care was taken to avoid the white matter fibers of the internal capsule being blended into the sample. Also the lung, liver, testis, and kidney were also dissected for Mn analysis.
Body weights measured weekly. - Statistics:
- All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistical Software (Version 10.0.5). Various statistical tests, such as one-way ANOVA post hoc multiple comparison (Tukey; Bonferroni, Dunnett T3-Test and Tamhane T2) intra and inter categories, were used to compare data for locomotor activity and Mn concentration in all the organs and tissues. Homogeneity of variances for the exposed groups was tested with Levene’s test, and all statistical analyses were performed on untransformed data. A probability value of less than 0.05 (i.e. P < 0.05) was used as the critical level of significance within each statistical test.
Results and discussion
Metabolite characterisation studies
- Metabolites identified:
- not measured
Any other information on results incl. tables
Mn Concentrations in the Inhalation Chamber
The Mn concentrations (mean ±S:D) in the air of the inhalation chamber for metallic Mn and the control group were 3750±846 and 0.30±0.02 mg/m3respectively. Ninety percent of the metallic Mn particles in the inhalation chamber were smaller than 1.55mm.
Mn Tissue Concentrations
Exposure led to an increase in brain Mn concentrations (mean±S:D). With the exception of the frontal parietal cortex and the cerebellum of rats in metallic Mn exposure group, brain Mn concentrations were significantly higher compared to controls. Increased lung Mn concentrations were observed following inhalation exposure to metallic Mn. No increase in liver Mn concentrations were observed. The concentrations in the five brain regions were higher in the exposed rats.
In the table below the percentage increase of Mn in brain regions and tissues is detailed relative to the control group following 13 weeks of exposure
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Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results: Bioaccumulation potential cannot be judged based on study results
The results show that Mn metal can be distributed in the brain and other tissues in rat, as a result of inhalation of respirable particles.
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