Aluminum chloride hydroxide sulfate

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

30/01/1996 - 08/03/1996

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

Test was not performed according to GLP. Actual test concentrations of the test substance were not measured. Strain and origin of test species are not reported. A polymer is reported to have been added to the test medium, but its purpose is not clear.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: USEPA (EPA 600/4-89/001)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

One organism in replicate 3 of the 1.9 mg/l treatment died due to a labaratory induced mortality. This organism was excluded from data analysis.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Not relevant

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Not relevant

Analytical monitoring:

no

Details on sampling:

Daily samples were taken to monitor physical/chemical conditions. Samples were cold-stored between renewals.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Batches of 300 ml were prepared daily from a 1000 ppm stock solution using a pre-determined dilution plan.
- Controls: Yes
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): No, test substance concentration was below maximum solubility

Test organisms (species):

Ceriodaphnia dubia

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Ceriodaphnia dubia
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): Less than 24 hours, all released within 8 hour period of aech other
- Feeding during test
- Food type: YTC and algal suspension
- Amount: 0.1 ml / test chamber
- Frequency: daily

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

7 d

Remarks on exposure duration:

Test lasts until 60% of the control females have produced three broods

Post exposure observation period:

Not relevant

Hardness:

80 - 88 mg/l (not specified)

Test temperature:

24.6 - 25.7 degrees Celsius

pH:

7.2 - 8.2

Dissolved oxygen:

8.0 - 8.3 mg/l

Salinity:

Not relevant

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: 15, 31, 62, 125 and 250 mg/l

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: size: 30ml; filled with 15-20 ml medium
- Aeration: none
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 10


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Moderately hard synthetic water (prepared using deionized water and reagent grade chemicals) or suitable natural water.
- Intervals of water quality measurement: daily


OTHER PARAMETERS
- Photoperiod: 16/8 hours light/dark


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : survival and reproduction were observed daily

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Sodium chloride

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

< 15 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

15 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

other: IC25

Effect conc.:

3.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Details on results:

- Survival of parent animals: 100%, 70%, 100%, 60%, 90% and 40% at 0, 15, 31, 62, 125 and 250 mg/l respectively.
- No. of offspring produced per day per female: 19.2, 0.0, 0.9, 0.3, 0.1 and 0.0 at 0, 15, 31, 62, 125 and 250 mg/l respectively.
- Other biological observations: adults and neonates appeared to be healthy during the test

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- Results with reference substance valid?: yes, 48h-LC50 of 1.9 g/l is within range of 1.3 to 2.5 mg/l.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Statistical analysis was done using Fisher exact tests and bootstrapping methods.

Conc substance (in mg/L)	% survival	Reproduction (average no. of neonates/female
Control	100	19.2
15	70	0.0*
31	100	0.9*
62	60	0.3*
125	90	0.1*
250	40	0.0*

Values marked with "*" are significantly different from control values (P<0.05)

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

minimum acceptable survival and reproduction criteria were met or exceeded in the control

Conclusions:

The chronic NOEC, LOEC and IC25 values of Sumalchlor towards Ceriodaphnia dubia are <15, 15, and 3.8 mg/l respectively.

Executive summary:

The chronic toxicity of Sumalchlor towards Ceriodaphnia dubia was investigated according to USEPA guideline EPA 600/4 -89/001. Validity criteria for the test were met. The test was performed by Inchcape Testing Servives as ordered by Summit Research Labs. Sumalchlor was tested at concentrations of 15, 31, 62, 125 and 250 mg/l in moderately hard water. No relationship between test substance concentration and survival was observed. Actual concentrations of the test substance were not measured. The chronic NOEC, LOEC and IC25 were found to be <15, 15 and 3.8 mg/l respectively.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

13/02/1996 - 08/03/1996

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

Test was not performed according to GLP. Actual test concentrations of the test substance were not measured. Strain and origin of test species are not reported. A polymer is reported to have been added to the test medium, but its purpose is not clear.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: USEPA (EPA 600/4-89/001)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

One organism in replicate 3 of the 1.9 mg/l treatment died due to a labaratory induced mortality. This organism was excluded from data analysis.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Not relevant

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Not relevant

Analytical monitoring:

no

Details on sampling:

Daily samples were taken to monitor physical/chemical conditions. Samples were cold-stored between renewals.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Batches of 300 ml were prepared daily from a 1000 ppm stock solution using a pre-determined dilution plan.
- Controls: Yes
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): No, test substance concentration was below maximum solubility

Test organisms (species):

Ceriodaphnia dubia

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Ceriodaphnia dubia
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): Less than 24 hours, all released within 8 hour period of aech other
- Feeding during test
- Food type: YTC and algal suspension
- Amount: 0.1 ml / test chamber
- Frequency: daily

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

8 d

Remarks on exposure duration:

Test lasts until 60% of the control females have produced three broods

Post exposure observation period:

Not relevant

Hardness:

80 - 92 mg/l (not specified)

Test temperature:

24.5 - 25.6 degrees Celsius

pH:

7.2 - 8.2

Dissolved oxygen:

7.6 - 8.3 mg/l

Salinity:

Not relevant

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: 15, 31, 62, 125 and 250 mg/l

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: size: 30ml; filled with 15-20 ml medium
- Aeration: none
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 10


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Moderately hard synthetic water (prepared using deionized water and reagent grade chemicals) or suitable natural water.
- Intervals of water quality measurement: daily


OTHER PARAMETERS
- Photoperiod: 16/8 hours light/dark


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : survival and reproduction were observed daily

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Sodium chloride

Duration:

8 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

< 15 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

8 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

15 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

8 d

Dose descriptor:

other: IC25

Effect conc.:

4.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Details on results:

- Survival of parent animals: 80%, 100%, 90%, 100%, 70% and 80% at 0, 15, 31, 62, 125 and 250 mg/l respectively.
- No. of offspring produced per day per female: 17.1, 3.7, 2.5, 2.0, 1.0 and 1.0 at 0, 15, 31, 62, 125 and 250 mg/l respectively.
- Other biological observations: adults and neonates appeared to be healthy during the test

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- Results with reference substance valid?: yes, 48h-LC50 of 1.9 g/l is within range of 1.3 to 2.5 mg/l.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Statistical analysis was done using Fisher exact tests and bootstrapping methods.

Conc substance (in mg/L)	% survival	Reproduction (average no. of neonates/female
Control	80	17.1
15	100	3.7*
31	90	2.5*
62	100	2.0*
125	70	1.0*
250	80	1.0*

Values marked with "*" are significantly different from control values (P<0.05)

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

minimum acceptable survival and reproduction criteria were met or exceeded in the control

Conclusions:

The chronic NOEC, LOEC and IC25 values of Sumalchlor towards Ceriodaphnia dubia are <15, 15, and 4.8 mg/l respectively.

Executive summary:

The chronic toxicity of Sumalchlor towards Ceriodaphnia dubia was investigated according to USEPA guideline EPA 600/4 -89/001. Validity criteria for the test were met. The test was performed by Inchcape Testing Servives as ordered by Summit Research Labs. Sumalchlor was tested at concentrations of 15, 31, 62, 125 and 250 mg/l in moderately hard water. No relationship between test substance concentration and survival was observed. Actual concentrations of the test substance were not measured. The chronic NOEC, LOEC and IC25 were found to be <15, 15 and 4.8 mg/l respectively.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

13/02/1996 - 08/03/1996

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

Test was not performed according to GLP. Actual test concentrations of the test substance were not measured. Strain and origin of test species are not reported. A polymer is reported to have been added to the test medium, but its purpose is not clear.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: USEPA (EPA 600/4-89/001)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

One organism in replicate 3 of the 1.9 mg/l treatment died due to a labaratory induced mortality. This organism was excluded from data analysis.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Not relevant

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Not relevant

Analytical monitoring:

no

Details on sampling:

Daily samples were taken to monitor physical/chemical conditions. Samples were cold-stored between renewals.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Batches of 300 ml were prepared daily from a 1000 ppm stock solution using a pre-determined dilution plan.
- Controls: Yes
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): No, test substance concentration was below maximum solubility

Test organisms (species):

Ceriodaphnia dubia

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Ceriodaphnia dubia
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): Less than 24 hours, all released within 8 hour period of aech other
- Feeding during test
- Food type: YTC and algal suspension
- Amount: 0.1 ml / test chamber
- Frequency: daily

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

8 d

Remarks on exposure duration:

Test lasts until 60% of the control females have produced three broods

Post exposure observation period:

Not relevant

Hardness:

80 - 92 mg/l (not specified)

Test temperature:

24.5 - 25.5 degrees Celsius

pH:

7.8 - 8.2

Dissolved oxygen:

7.5 - 8.4 mg/l

Salinity:

Not relevant

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: 1.9, 3.8, 7.5, 15 and 31 mg/l

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: size: 30ml; filled with 15-20 ml medium
- Aeration: none
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 10


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Moderately hard synthetic water (prepared using deionized water and reagent grade chemicals) or suitable natural water.
- Intervals of water quality measurement: daily


OTHER PARAMETERS
- Photoperiod: 16/8 hours light/dark


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : survival and reproduction were observed daily

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Sodium chloride

Duration:

8 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

3.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

8 d

Dose descriptor:

other: MATC

Effect conc.:

5.3 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

8 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

7.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

8 d

Dose descriptor:

other: IC25

Effect conc.:

5.1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Details on results:

- Survival of parent animals: 80%, 89%, 100%, 90%, 80% and 100% at 0, 1.9, 3.8, 7.5, 15 and 31 mg/l respectively.
- No. of offspring produced per day per female: 15.1, 17.9, 17.2, 4.8, 3.3 and 1.2 at 0, 1.9, 3.8, 7.5, 15 and 31 mg/l respectively.
- Other biological observations: adults and neonates appeared to be healthy during the test

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- Results with reference substance valid?: yes, 48h-LC50 of 1.9 g/l is within range of 1.3 to 2.5 mg/l.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Statistical analysis was done using Fisher exact tests and bootstrapping methods.

Conc substance (in mg/L)	% survival	Reproduction (average no. of neonates/female
Control	80	15.1
1.9	89	17.9
3.8	100	17.2
7.5	90	4.8*
15	80	3.3*
31	100	1.2*

Values marked with "*" are significantly different from control values (P<0.05)

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

minimum acceptable survival and reproduction criteria were met or exceeded in the control

Conclusions:

The chronic NOEC, MATC, LOEC and IC25 values of Sumalchlor towards Ceriodaphnia dubia are 3.8, 5.3, 7.5 and 5.1 mg/l respectively.

Executive summary:

The chronic toxicity of Sumalchlor towards Ceriodaphnia dubia was investigated according to USEPA guideline EPA 600/4 -89/001. Validity criteria for the test were met. The test was performed by Inchcape Testing Servives as ordered by Summit Research Labs. Sumalchlor was tested at concentrations of 1.9, 3.8, 7.5, 15 and 31 mg/l in moderately hard water. No relationship between test substance concentration and survival was observed. Actual concentrations of the test substance were not measured. The chronic NOEC, MATC, LOEC and IC25 were found to be 3.8, 5.3, 7.5 and 5.1 mg/l respectively.

Description of key information

USEPA 600/4 -89/001, key study, validity 2 (Williams, 1996):

8d-NOEC = 3.8 mg/L, LOEC = 7.5 mg/L, IC25 = 5.1 mg/L

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

3.8 mg/L

Additional information

Three read-across studies performed with Aluminium chloride hydroxide are available to evaluate the long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates :

1) The chronic toxicity of Sumalchlor towards Ceriodaphnia dubia was investigated according to USEPA guideline EPA 600/4 -89/001. Validity criteria for the test were met. The test was performed by Inchcape Testing Servives as ordered by Summit Research Labs. Sumalchlor was tested at concentrations of 1.9, 3.8, 7.5, 15 and 31 mg/l in moderately hard water. No relationship between test substance concentration and survival was observed. Actual concentrations of the test substance were not measured. The chronic NOEC, MATC, LOEC and IC25 were found to be 3.8, 5.3, 7.5 and 5.1 mg/l respectively.

2) The chronic toxicity of Sumalchlor towards Ceriodaphnia dubia was investigated according to USEPA guideline EPA 600/4 -89/001. Validity criteria for the test were met. The test was performed by Inchcape Testing Servives as ordered by Summit Research Labs. Sumalchlor was tested at concentrations of 15, 31, 62, 125 and 250 mg/l in moderately hard water. No relationship between test substance concentration and survival was observed. Actual concentrations of the test substance were not measured. The chronic NOEC, LOEC and IC25 were found to be <15, 15 and 3.8 mg/l respectively.

3) The chronic toxicity of Sumalchlor towards Ceriodaphnia dubia was investigated according to USEPA guideline EPA 600/4 -89/001. Validity criteria for the test were met. The test was performed by Inchcape Testing Servives as ordered by Summit Research Labs. Sumalchlor was tested at concentrations of 15, 31, 62, 125 and 250 mg/l in moderately hard water. No relationship between test substance concentration and survival was observed. Actual concentrations of the test substance were not measured. The chronic NOEC, LOEC and IC25 were found to be <15, 15 and 4.8 mg/l respectively.