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EC number: 931-038-4 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
N-/i-C13-C15-aldehydes are considered to be rapidly absorbed after oral and inhalation exposure. Rapid utilisation in the intermediary metabolism, and urinary excretion, but no bioaccumulation is expected to occur.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Bioaccumulation potential:
- no bioaccumulation potential
Additional information
No specific investigations on the toxicokinetics of n-/i-C13-C15-aldehydes are available, but there is sufficient general information available from related substances because aldehydes are the primary metabolites of primary alcohols whose metabolism has been extensively investigated.
Read across from related chemicals like n-Undecanal is justified because unbranched chain and 2-methyl substituted saturated long chain aldehydes are readily metabolised via ß-oxidation and are, therefore, closely related to each other. As a consequence, the biochemical/physiological and (eco) toxicological fate (ADME, irritation, sensitisation, genetic toxicity, repeated dose toxicity) is considered to be comparable.
Aldehydes are rapidly absorbed following oral uptake and, according to UBA (2009), following inhalation exposure. Aldehydes are rapidly oxidised to their corresponding acids by aldehyde dehydrogenases. These enzymes are present in the cytosol at high levels, and also in mitochondria and in microsomes. According to Martini and Murray (1996), the specificity and activity of the enzyme increases with the molar masses, i.e. chain length, of the substrates (values for undecanal: Km ~ 10 µM; Vmax ~ 25 nmol of NADH produced per minute and µg protein; Martini and Murray, 1996). The resulting acids (undecanoic acid in the case of undecanal) may then enter different metabolic pathways. Undecanoic acid may be transported into mitochondria and undergo degradation in the fatty acid oxidation to acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA. The latter is converted to succinic acid via methylmalonyl-CoA. Acetyl CoA may be used for biosynthetic reaction, or can eventually enter the TCA cycle, which produces NADH2 and FADH2. NADH and FADH2are subsequently used in the electron transport chain to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell (JECFA, 1998; WHO, 1999).
Acids, e.g. undecanoic acid, may also be conjugated with glycine to form hippuric acids (O’Brien, 2005). Short chained acids may enter another pathway, i.e. reduction to the respective alcohols by cytosolic, NAD+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases and conjugation with, e.g., glutathione (O’Brien, 2005), but this pathway is not considered to be relevant for undecanoic acid.The main excretion pathway for remaining aldehyde metabolites is the urine (O’Brien, 2005; UBA, 2009).
To summarise, undecanal is expected to be predominantly oxidised to undecanoic acid. This is a linear, saturated fatty acid which is expected to be degraded and utilized via fatty acid oxidation and intermediary metabolism. It should, however, be noted that the aldehyde group may also cause reactions including covalent binding to nucleophils, especially locally at the point of entry, and at elevated concentrations.
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