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EC number: 232-094-6 | CAS number: 7786-30-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well documented publication and official European document.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- secondary source
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 001
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- other: bibliographic study with clinical case studies and studies with volunteers
- Endpoint addressed:
- basic toxicokinetics
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- It is the opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) on the upper levels of Magnesium on the basis of different human studies on therapeutic uses of magnesium or as food additive.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Automatically generated during migration to IUCLID 6, no data available
- IUPAC Name:
- Automatically generated during migration to IUCLID 6, no data available
- Details on test material:
- This bibligrophic study is based on magnesium and magnesium salt as dichloride, sulphate....
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- general
- Subjects:
- This bibliographic study included different studies with children, pregnant women, tetanic, hypertensive and cardiac patients and volunteers.
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Route of exposure:
- oral
- Reason of exposure:
- intentional
- Exposure assessment:
- measured
- Details on exposure:
- It is a bibligrophic study (see Direct observ. Humans-2-2001-SCF)
- Examinations:
- It is a bibligrophic study
- Medical treatment:
- No data
Results and discussion
- Clinical signs:
- See Direct observ. Humans-2-2001-SCF
- Results of examinations:
- Magnesium kinetics represent an open system consisting of several compartments: the intestinal tract (absorption compartment), blood (central compartment), cells, skeleton, central nervous system (deep compartments) and faeces, urine, sweat and milk during lactation (excretion). Mg balance is positive when the input is greater than the output in urine and faeces. This calculation seems simple at a first glance but becomes highly variable aiming to the following individual factors:
- At low dietary Mg intakes, enteral absorption considerably increases from the normal level of 30-40% up to 80% probably via an active transport system (although this has not yet been prooved); this system can, however, be completely defective (so-called “primary Mg deficiency”) or insufficient (“poor absorbers”).
- As in the latter cases Mg uptake depends mostly or exclusively on passive diffusion (10-30%), a Mg deficit will result at intake levels which are sufficient for normal individuals (Durlach, 1988; Schimatschek et al., 1997; Seelig, 1980; Wörwag et al., 1999).
- Mg turnover also differs individually, depending for example on age, growth, physical activity, pregnancy-lactation, fluid consumption, stress exposure, drugs and diseases (Classen, 1990). Estimates of requirement have therefore been performed on healthy individuals under strictly standardized essentially steady state conditions (FNB, 1997).
- Mg losses represent an important variable: diarrhea or bowel diseases adversely affect excretion? Under physiological conditions, the healthy kidney can reduce daily Mg excretion from 5 mmol to less than 0.5 mmol within a few days of low Mg intake. However, this Mg-sparing mechanism could be disturbed genetically, or affected by diseases associated with polyuria such as diabetes mellitus or by drugs (e.g. most diuretics) or alcohol. - Effectivity of medical treatment:
- No data
- Outcome of incidence:
- No data
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- In the context of food additives, the SCF has showed that the principal information on magnesium toxicokinetic is
- Magnesium kinetics represent an open system consisting of several compartments: the intestinal tract (absorption compartment), blood (central compartment), cells, skeleton, central nervous system (deep compartments) and faeces, urine, sweat and milk during lactation (excretion).
- At low dietary Mg intakes enteral absorption considerably increases from the normal level of 30-40% up to 80% probably via an active transport system.
- As in the latter cases Mg uptake depends mostly or exclusively on passive diffusion (10-30%) a Mg deficit will result at intake levels which are sufficient for normal individuals.
- Mg losses represent an important variable and affect excretion.
- The dermal absorption can be considered minor compared to oral absorption (in the range of 0.1-1 %). - Executive summary:
In this context, the toxicokinetic information are mainly based on the opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on the tolerable Upper Intake level of Magnesium (SCF, 2001).
The principal data are:
- Magnesium kinetics represent an open system consisting of several compartments: intestinal tract (absorption compartment), blood (central compartment), cells, skeleton, central nervous system (deep compartments) and faeces, urine, sweat and milk during lactation (excretion).
- At low dietary Mg intakes, enteral absorption considerably increases from the normal level of 30-40% up to 80% probably via an active transport system (although this has not yet been proved); this system can, however, be completely defective (so-called “primary Mg deficiency”) or insufficient (“poor absorbers”).
- As in the latter cases, Mg uptake depends mostly or exclusively on passive diffusion (10-30%). A Mg deficit will result at intale levels which are sufficient for normal individuals.
- Mg losses represent an important variable: diarrhoea or bowel disease adversely affect excretion. Under physiological conditions, healthy kidney can reduce daily Mg excretion from 5 mmol to less than 0.5 mmol within a few days of low Mg intake.
These data are confirmed by some publications and only few are presented as disregarded studies. Indeed, these sources provide valuable information in humans on oral bioavailability of dietary magnesium or of soluble magnesium salts (as MgCl2), which confirm the SCF data (European document).
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