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EC number: 231-853-9 | CAS number: 7761-88-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Skin irritation / corrosion
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin corrosion: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2009-06-10 to 2009-06-10
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 009
- Report date:
- 2009
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals 431: In vitro Skin Corrosion: Human Skin Model Test (2004)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The In vitro Skin Corrosion (Human Skin Model Test) consists of topical application of the test material to the tissue for 3 minutes and 1 hour, followed by immediate determination of the cytotoxic effect. Cytotoxicity is expressed as the reduction of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity measured by formazan production from MTT at the end of the exposure period.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Silver nitrate
- EC Number:
- 231-853-9
- EC Name:
- Silver nitrate
- Cas Number:
- 7761-88-8
- Molecular formula:
- AgNO3
- IUPAC Name:
- Silver nitrate
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Silver nitrate
- Physical state: crystalline
- Storage condition of test material: at room temperature in a thightly closed container, protected from light effect and humidity, the test item has a corrosive effect on aluminium or steel
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- other: in vitro: human skin model
- Strain:
- other: not applicable
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- not applicable, in vitro testing
Test system
- Type of coverage:
- other: not applicable
- Preparation of test site:
- other: not applicable
- Vehicle:
- other: not applicable
- Controls:
- other: not applicable, in vitro testing
- Amount / concentration applied:
- About 25 mg of the test material were applied to the tissues and wetted with 25 µL deionised water. The test item was spread to cover the surface of the tissue.
Prior to the exposure to the test item the pH of a test item solution in deionised water was determined as 6.49, while the weight volume ratio corresponded to the ratio applied to the skin equivalents - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 3 minutes and 1 hour, respectively
- Number of animals:
- not applicable, in vitro testing
- Details on study design:
- The In vitro Skin Corrosion (Human Skin Model Test) consists of topical application of the test material to the tissue for 3 minutes and 1 hour, followed by immediate determination of the cytotoxic effect. Cytotoxicity is expressed as the reduction of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity measured by formazan production from MTT at the end of the exposure period.
Cell culture:
EST-1000 kits were purchased from CellSystems Biotechnologievertrieb GmbH. The EST-1000 tissue consisted of normal, human-derived epidermal keratinocytes which have been cultured to form a multilayered, highly differentiated model of the human epidermis. It consisted of organised basal, spinous and granular layers, and a multi-layered stratum corneum containing intercellular lamellar lipid layers arranged in patterns analogous to those found in vivo. The EST-1000 tissues (surface 0.6cm²) were cultured on specially prepared cell culture inserts.
Controls:
- Deionised water was used a the negative control. Volumes of 50 µL (>30 µL/cm²) were applied to each set of duplicate tissues for the exposure periods.
- Potassium Hydroxide as an 8.0 N ready-made solution was used as a positive control material. Volumes of 50 µL (> 30 µL/cm²) were applied to each set of duplicate tissues for the exposure periods.
Experimental performance:
At least 2 hours before dosing the EST-1000 tissues were removed from the refrigerator where they were stored. Under sterile conditions, the inserts were transferred into 6-well plates containing the pre-warmed assay medium. Two 24-well plates were prepared as holding plates, each well containing 300 µL assay medium per well. The holding plates were pre-warmed in an incubator (37 ± 1.5 °C, 5 ± 0.5% CO2) until use.
Duplicate EST-1000 tissues were exposed to the test item, positive control or negative control for each of two different exposure periods.
At the end of the exposure period the tissues were removed from the 6-well plate and gently rinsed using a wash bottle containing PBS to remove any residual test material.
MTT assay:
After the exposure procedure was completed for all tissues of each time point, the cell culture inserts were transferred from the holding plates to the MTT-plates. After a 3 hour incubation period the MTT solution was aspirated from the wells. The inserts were transferred into new 24 -well plates. The inserts were immersed in extractant solution. The 24 -well plate was sealed to minimise isopropanol evaporation. The formazan salt was extracted for 2 hours while shaking at room temperature.
After the extraction period the inserts were pierced with an injection needle to allow the extract to run into the well from which the insert was taken, and the insert was discarded. 24-well plates were then placed on a shaker for approx. 15 minutes until the solution was homogeneous in colour.
The optical density (OD) was read in a microplate reader at 570 nm (OD570) without reference filter. The mean values were calculated for each set of 3 wells per tissue insert.
Results and discussion
In vitro
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation / corrosion parameter:
- other: Relative absorbance value (%) at 570 nm
- Run / experiment:
- After 3 min exposure
- Value:
- 8.4
- Irritation / corrosion parameter:
- other: Relative absorbance value (%) at 570 nm
- Run / experiment:
- After 1 hour
- Value:
- 25.1
Any other information on results incl. tables
After exposure to the test item Silver nitrate the relative absorbance values were decreased to 8.4% after 3 minutes. This value is well below the threshold for corrosivity of 50% for the 3 minutes treatment. After the 1 hour exposure relative absorbance values were reduced to 25.1%. Although this value was not below the threshold of 15% for the 1 hour exposure, the test item was nevertheless considered to be corrosive, firstly, since the value for the 3 minutes exposure was very convincing, and secondly, since the test item precipitated and the precipitate could not be washed of the tissues completely after the 1 hour exposure. This fact distorted the measurement of the absorbance values. Probably, the poorly soluble precipitate was silver chloride, which was formed during the washing step with PBS (which contains 0.8% / 8 g/L NaCl). In addition, the cells of the 1 hour treatment tissues were not able to reduce the MTT at all (no blue coloration at all) indicating complete death of the cells due to exposure to the test item.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1A (corrosive) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- In conclusion, it can be stated that in this study and under the reported experimental conditions, the test item Silver nitrate was corrosive to skin.
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