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EC number: 231-209-7 | CAS number: 7446-81-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 20 Dec 1995 - 21 May 1996
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- GLP-guideline study with analytical monitoring
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OTS 797.1930 (Mysid Acute Toxicity Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
One stock solution for each test concentration was prepared. Acrylic acid was dissolved in reverse osmosis water at a concentration of 200 mg/L. Aliquots were diluted with reverse osmosis water to prepare stock solutions at concentrations of 25.9, 43.2, 72 and 120 mg/L. The stock solutions were mixed with saltwater (at a rate of 125 mL/minute) to achieve the desired test concentration. - Test organisms (species):
- Americamysis bahia (previous name: Mysidopsis bahia)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: saltwater mysid
- Source: Wildlife International Ltd., Easton, Maryland, USA
- Age at study initiation: juvenile
- Feeding during test: yes, to prevent cannibalism
- Food type: live brine shrimp nauplii (Artemia sp.)
- Frequency: twice daily
HOLDING
- Holding period: 14 d
- Holding conditions: water temperature 24.5 - 25.1 °C, pH 8.1 - 8.2, salinity 20 - 22 ‰, dissolved oxygen 7.0 - 7.5 mg/L
- Health during acclimation: The adults show no signs of disease or stress - Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- saltwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Test temperature:
- 25 ± 2 °C
- pH:
- 4.4 - 8.3
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.0 - 7.5 mg/L
- Salinity:
- 20 - 22 ‰
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal test concentrations: control, 26, 43, 72, 120, 200 mg/L
Mean measured test concentrations: 30, 48, 80, 126 and 239 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Material, total volume, depth of water: glass beakers with nylon screen-covered holes on opposite sides of each beaker, 300 mL, 7.2 cm
- Type of flow-through: peristaltic diluter
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): ca. 14 volume additions of test water every 24 hours
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Natural seawater (Indian River Inlet, Delaware, USA) diluted with well water to a salinity of ca. 20 ‰. Seawater was passed through a sand filter (ca. 25 µm). The mixture of sea and well water was aerated. Before delivering to the test system the water was filtered again to remove microorganisms and particles.
- Intervals of water quality measurement:
- Temperature was measured in each test chamber at the beginning and the end of the test and continously in one negative control replicate
- Dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity were measured at test initation, at 48 h, at test termination
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod:16 hours light : 8 hours darkness with a 30-minute transition period
- Light intensity: 295 - 308 Lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mortality and clinical signs after 24, 48, 72, 96 hours - Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 97 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CL 80 - 126 mg/L
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 48 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: mortality, clinical observation
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC0
- Effect conc.:
- 48 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Details on results:
- EC 50 (24h, 48h, 72h): 166, 105, 103 mg/L
Recovery rates (0 h): 102 - 122 %
Recovery rates (48, 96 h): 104 - 134 % - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 06 Apr 1989 - 08 Apr 1989 (experimental)
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- GLP-guideline study with analytical monitoring
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OTS 797.1300 (Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater Daphnids)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
Final concentration of the stock solution: 12000 mg/L - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Source: in-house daphnid culture which has been maintained by ABC since 1977. The primary culture was obtained from the Columbia National Fisheries Research Laboratory (CNFRL), Columbia, Missouri, USA.
- Age at study initiatio: < 24 hours
HOLDING
- Holding conditions: Temperature 20 ± 2 °C
- Photoperiod: 16 hours daylight with 30 min dawn and dusk transition periods
- Frequency: 50 - 70 footcandles
- Food type: suspension of algae (Selenastrum capricornutum) supplemented with Tetramin/cereal. leaves/yeast suspension - Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 174 - 178 mg/L as CaC02
- Test temperature:
- 19 °C
- pH:
- 6.7 - 7.7
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.9 - 8.0 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal test concentrations: control, 7.2, 14, 30, 60, 120 mg/L
Mean measured concentrations: < 0.1, 7.9, 13, 23, 50, 110 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Material, total volume, fill volume: glass beakres with notched overflows, 1 L, 1 L
- Type of flow-through: proportional diluter
- Renewal rate of test solution: 4.2 mL/chamber/min; 1-liter test volume ca. 6.0 times in a 24-hour period
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- Biomass loading rate: 1 daphnid/100 mL
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: a blend of reverse osmosis water and ABC well water
- Total organic carbon: < 1.0 ppm
- Suspended Solids: 0.5 ppm
- Chlorine: < 0.05 ppm
- Alkalinity: 204 - 206 mg/L as CaCO3
- Conductivity: 320 - 340 µMHOS/cm
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Dissolved oxygen and pH were measured in each test concentration at 0 and 48 hours of testing
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 hours daylight and 8 hours darkness with 30 min dawn and dusk transition periods
- Light intensity: 50 - 70 ft. c. intensity
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: immobilization and other abnormal effects such as surfacing, erratic movement, daphnids laying on the bottom after 4, 24, 48 hours
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study: 2 range finding study were performed
- First test: 48-hour static toxicity test
- Test concentrations: 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: no mortality in any of the levels, but abnormal behavioral effects of the daphnids in the top three levels
- Second test: 48-hour flow-through toxicity test
- Test concentrations: 6.0, 12, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: no mortality after 48 hours, but showed abnormal behavioral effects at the 100 mg/L test level - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 95 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CL 83 - 110 mg/L
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 23 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: mortality, abnormal effects
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
Sodium acrylate is acute harmful to aquatic invertebrates. Based on data for the structural analogue acrylic acid, the EC 50 was 95 mg/L
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect concentration:
- 95 mg/L
Marine water invertebrates
Marine water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect concentration:
- 97 mg/L
Additional information
No experimental data on the test substance is available. Sodium acrylate (NaA) is dissociating fast in aqueous media (Henderson – Hasselbach calculation). Therefore, the evaluation of the endpoint short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates is based on a weight of evidence approach using the data of the structural analogue acrylic acid (AA) (CAS 79-10-7) (for WoE information, see chapter 13.2).
An experimental study according to GLP regulations and the guideline EPA OTS 797.1300 (Aquatic Invertebrates Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater Daphnids) with AA was conducted (BAMM, 1990). Daphnia magna was exposed to the mean measured concentrations of < 0.1 (control), 7.9, 13, 23, 50 and 110 mg/L in a flow- through system over 48 h. The EC50 (48 h) was 95 mg/L based on the measured concentrations with mobility as basis for the effect. The study was supported by analytical monitoring and no deviations from the guideline were reported. Therefore, the study was rated as highly reliable (Klimisch score 1). A second experimental study with Daphnia magna in freshwater was conducted according to GLP regulations and the guideline EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia) (Huels, 1995).The test species was exposed to the nominal concentrations of 12, 20, 35, 60, 100 mg/L and a control in a static system over 48 h. The concentrations were measured in a separate test vessel and the recovery was more than 80 % of the nominal values. The EC50 (48h) was 47 mg/L bases on mobility and nominal concentrations. Due to the analytical measurements in separate test vessels and the derivation of the effect values from nominal concentrations the study was rated with Klimisch score 2. The results were in the same range as those of the other invertebrate freshwater study (BAMM, 1990) and is therefore reliable and adequate to support other information.
To assess the acute toxicity of AA to saltwater species, an experimental study according to GLP regulations and the guideline EPA OTS 797.1930 (Mysid Acute Toxicity Test) was conducted (BAMM, 1996) Americamyiss bahia was exposed to a control and the mean measured concentrations of 30, 48, 80, 126 and 239 mg/L for 96 h in a flow-through system. The study was rated as highly reliable (Klimisch score 2). The LC50 after 96 h was measured as 97 mg/L and in the same range as for the freshwater species Daphnia magna (LC50 = 95 mg/L, BAMM 1990). By choosing these values to assess the acute toxicity of NaA to invertebrates in freshwater and saltwater a worst-case assumption is made.
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