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EC number: 306-797-4 | CAS number: 97404-33-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable publication, which meets generally accepted scientific principles.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- IntestinalHydrolysis and Lymphatic Absorption of Isopropyl Esters of Long-Chain Fatty Acids in the Rat
- Author:
- Savary, P. and Constantin, M.J.
- Year:
- 1 970
- Bibliographic source:
- Biochim. Biophys. Acta 218: 195-200
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- absorption
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The lymphatic absorption of simple examples of secondary-alcohol long-chain fatty esters (isopropyl esters) was studied with thoracic-duct fistula rats, to which the esters were orally administered.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- ; GLP was not compulsory at the time the study was conducted.
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Automatically generated during migration to IUCLID 6, no data available
- IUPAC Name:
- Automatically generated during migration to IUCLID 6, no data available
- Details on test material:
- Animals A:
- Triglycerides or
- Ethyl stearate plus oleic acid or
- Ethyl stearate plus olive oil or
- Ethyl myristate plus olive oil
Animals B: Isopropyl stearate plus oleic acid
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
- Remarks:
- [9,10-3H2]-Oleic acid (Amersham) was added to the unlabeled acid
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 200-250 g
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- other: feed or gavage
- Vehicle:
- other: feed or olive oil
- Details on exposure:
- Animals A were allowed to eat freely a mixture of 90 parts (wet weight) boiled rice and 10 parts lipids; their lymphs were collected for 24-100 h.
Animals B received by gavage a known weight of lipid; their lymphs were collected only during a period which did not exceed by much the duration of the absorptive period, i.e. 5-9 h. - Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- Animals A: ad libitum via feed
Animals B: single treatment by gavage
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
Animals A: a mixture of 90 parts (wet weight) boiled rice and 10 parts lipids
Animals B: 180 or 450 mg of fat mixture
- No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:
- no data given
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- When the rats received acyl-labeled esters, the quantity of labeled fatty acid recovered in lymph lipids was determined by liquid scintillation counting (Packard counter Model 3003).
For the other animals, it was measured by the weight and chain analysis of lymph non-phospholipids (or triglycerides), as, under the experimental conditions, these chains are mostly of dietary origin.
Results and discussion
Toxicokinetic / pharmacokinetic studies
- Details on absorption:
- Non-dietary chains were always present in lymph triglycerides. As the composition of the "endogenous fatty acids" in rat lymph triglycerides is known, their proportion can be evaluated. It does not exceed 20% of total chains.
When rats receive small weights of isopropyl stearate diluted in oleic acid, it can be calculated that 85-90 % of the stearic chains in lymph triglycerides are of dietary origin; this was confirmed by direct measurement of their specific radioactivity.
- Triglycerides: The administered triglyceride (almost devoid of trisaturated molecules and with all the stearic chains on external position) contained 149 stearic chains per 100 oleic chains, and it was calculated that the dietary chains in lymph triglycerides contain 137. This means that the lymphatic recovery of the "external" stearic chains from fed triglycerides was not very much smaller that that of other fatty chains.
- Ethyl stearate plus oleic acid: When rats were given orally mixtures of ethyl stearate with oleic acid, the recovery of stearic chains in lymph triglycerides was significantly lower than when they received triglycerides.
- Ethyl stearate plus olive oil: When oleic acid was replaced by triolein, the conclusions remain unchanged.
- Ethyl myristate plus olive oil: The same results were obtained when the rats received ehyl myristate instead of ethyl stearate.
In all experiments, only small quantities of ethyl esters were recovered unhydrolyzed in the lymph.
The experiments were then repeated with mixtures of isopropyl stearate and oleic acid. For 100 labeled stearic chains recovered in lymph lipids, less than 10 were in the form of isopropyl ester, which represents 2-3 % of the total lymph lipids. It can be calculated that less than 5 % of the remaining radioactivity was in lymph phospholipids; for the non-phospholipid fraction (isopropyl esters being excluded) 95 % or more of the radioactive label was in the triglycerides. Feeding the rats with acyl-labeled isopropyl oleate, gave similar results.
It is concluded that a part of the isopropyl ester was hydrolyzed in the intestine, and that the acids thus liberated were reesterified and partitioned between lymph lipids in the same manner as when they were fed in the form of triglycerides or of free fatty acids. Briefly, when they were fed in the form of isopropyl esters, the lymphatic recovery of dietary stearic chains was only 25-30 % of that of oleic acid. This is in contrast with the higher values, 90 and 60-70 % respectively, found in the other experiments (ingestion of a mixed triglyceride, or of ethyl stearate plus oleic acid).
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Composition of the chains in the triglycerides of rat thoracic duct lymph, after oral administration of the test materials:
Nature of the fatty diet |
feeding technique |
Composition (chains per 100 total chains) |
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
C 14:0 |
C 16:0 |
C 16:1 |
C 18:0 |
C 18:1 |
C 18:2 |
> C 18:2 |
Triglycerides |
A |
Feed mixture |
- |
2.2 |
trace |
56.1 |
37.7 |
4.0 |
not determined |
|
|
Lymph triglycerides |
- |
5.9 |
trace |
49.0 |
38.6 |
6.5 |
not determined |
Ethyl stearate and oleic acid |
A |
Feed mixture |
- |
2.0 |
0.2 |
49.0 |
48.3 |
0.5 |
not determined |
|
|
Lymph triglycerides* |
- |
9.8 |
0.7 |
34.0 |
49.1 |
6.4 |
not determined |
|
|
|
- |
7.4 |
0.7 |
35.6 |
51.8 |
4.5 |
not determined |
Ethyl stearate and olive oil |
A |
Feed mixture |
- |
7.5 |
1.5 |
49.5 |
34.0 |
7.5 |
not determined |
|
|
Lymph triglycerides |
- |
10.8 |
1.5 |
35.5 |
43.4 |
8.8 |
not determined |
Ethyl myristate and olive oil |
A |
Feed mixture |
50.0 |
7.8 |
trace |
0.3 |
34.6 |
7.3 |
not determined |
|
|
Lymph triglycerides** |
36.0 |
14.8 |
trace |
1.7 |
39.7 |
7.8 |
not determined |
|
|
|
41.4 |
12.4 |
trace |
2.0 |
37.0 |
7.2 |
not determined |
Isopropyl stearate and oleic acid |
B |
Feed mixture |
- |
0.3 |
0.2 |
45.5 |
53.8 |
0.2 |
0 |
|
|
Lymph triglycerides*** |
- |
4.2 |
0.6 |
16.8 |
60.5 |
4.1 |
2.5 |
|
|
|
- |
9.5 |
0.9 |
19.4 |
72.3 |
7.6 |
5.5 |
* = 2 separate samples of lymph, each collected during 24 h
** = 2 separate experiments
*** = 7 experiments: on the first line are reported the lower values and on the other the higher values obtained for each fatty chain; the sum of the number in each line is. of course, different from 100
Applicant's summary and conclusion
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