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EC number: 233-032-0 | CAS number: 10024-97-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- developmental toxicity
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Effect on the chronic administration of nitrous oxide 0.5% to gravid rats
- Author:
- Vieira, E.
- Year:
- 1 979
- Bibliographic source:
- Br. J. Anaesth, 51; pp 283-287
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Intermittent exposure of gravid rats to 1 % nitrous oxide and the effect on the postnatal growth of their offspring
- Author:
- Vieira, E., Cleaton-Jones, P. Austin, P.L.
- Year:
- 1 978
- Bibliographic source:
- S.Afr Med J., 53(3); pp 106-108
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Effects of low concentrations of nitrous oxide on rat fetuses
- Author:
- Vieira, E., Cleaton-Jones, P., Austin, J.C., Moyes, D.G. & Shaw, R.
- Year:
- 1 980
- Bibliographic source:
- Anesth Analg 79: 175–177
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Effects of low intermittent concentrations of nitrous oxide on the developing rat fetus
- Author:
- Vieira E, Cleaton-Jones P, Moyes D.
- Year:
- 1 983
- Bibliographic source:
- Brit J Anaesth 55: 67–69
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 414 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- single dose level used
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Dinitrogen oxide
- EC Number:
- 233-032-0
- EC Name:
- Dinitrogen oxide
- Cas Number:
- 10024-97-2
- Molecular formula:
- N2O
- IUPAC Name:
- Dinitrogen Oxide
- Test material form:
- gas under pressure: liquefied gas
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: gas
- Type of inhalation exposure (if applicable):
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- air
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on mating procedure:
- Gravid rats used
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- exposure from GD1 to GD19
- Frequency of treatment:
- continuous treatment
- Duration of test:
- 19 days
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0, 0.5%
Basis:
nominal conc.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 12 gravid rats/gp
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent no treatment
Results and discussion
Results: maternal animals
Effect levels (maternal animals)
open allclose all
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEC
- Remarks:
- Viera (1979)
- Effect level:
- ca. 5 000 ppm
- Basis for effect level:
- other: developmental toxicity
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- Remarks:
- Vieira et al (1980)
- Effect level:
- ca. 500 ppm
- Basis for effect level:
- other: developmental toxicity
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- Remarks:
- Vieira et al., (1978)
- Basis for effect level:
- other: developmental toxicity
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable
- Remarks:
- no NOAEC identified
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- Remarks:
- Vieira et al (1983)
- Effect level:
- ca. 1 000 ppm
- Basis for effect level:
- other: developmental toxicity
Results (fetuses)
Fetal abnormalities
- Abnormalities:
- not specified
Overall developmental toxicity
- Developmental effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
Increased foetal loss and resorption was seen in the N2O treated group. Fetal weights and crown-rump length were also decreased in N2O exposed fetuses. Skeletal abnormalities were not seen in the controls but were observed in 9% of foetuses exposed to N2O. These were not described in detail although it is commented that the incidence was greater in females than males. No abnormalities of the internal organs were recorded (Vieira, 1979).
A further study by Vieira et al (1980) continually exposed 12 pregnant Wistar rats from the day after mating until GD 19 to N2O in air at concentrations of 0, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm. At the highest dose tested mean litter size and crown-rump length were significantly reduced compared to the control; other exposure levels showed no difference from the control in these respects. Skeletal abnormalities were only observed in the high dose gp, with soft part abnormalities not reported for any group. The high dose gp contained 4 resorptionsvs. zero in the control gp.
The effects of N2O exposure during different periods of gestation on pup development were investigated. Groups of rats exposed to air containing N2O (10000 ppm) for 6 h/d, 5 d/wk for wk 1 of gestation, the first 2 wks of gestation of for the whole 3 wks of gestation. All rats were allowed to deliver their litters and litters were monitored for 8 wks post partum. The litter size of all the groups exposed to N2O was significantly lower than control and body weight of those pups was lower than that of controls throughout the 8-wks post partum monitoring. Pups from mothers exposed during the 1st wk of gestation only were light than all others on all occasions. Tail length and body length were reduced for all N2O treated groups throughout the 8 wk post-partum period, compared with controls, although the differences were not always statistically significant (Vieira et al., 1978).
Finally, in a further report by Vieira et al (1983) where gps of pregnant Wistar rats (12/gp) were exposed for 6 h/d, 5 d/wk to 0, 250, 500, 1000 or 5000 ppm in air throughout gestation. Dams were killed on GD 19and the urterine contents were examined. Litter size and mean crown-rump length of the fetus was reduced in the group exposed to 0.5% N2O. There were no malformations or resorptions in any of the groups.
Results from continuous exposure to N2O throughout gestation resulted in significantly more effects than intermittent exposure at similar levels.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
Groups of 12 gravid rats were exposed to a constant level of 0.5% N2) (5000 ppm) from GD 1 through to GD 19. A control group were exposed to air alone (12/gp). Dams were killed on GD 19 and uterine contents examined. Detailed examination of the uterus, ovaries and fetuses were undertaken. Fetuses were fixed, cleared and stained with alizarin red, examined for skeletal anomalies and their crown-rump lengths measured.
Increased foetal loss and resorption was seen in the N2O treated group. Fetal weights and crown-rump length were also decreased in N2O exposed fetuses. Skeletal abnormalities were not seen in the controls but were observed in 9% of foetuses exposed to N2O. These were not described in detail although it is commented that the incidence was greater in females than males. No abnormalities of the internal organs were recorded (Vieira, 1979).
A further study by Vieira et al (1980) continually exposed 12 pregnant Wistar rats from the day after mating until GD 19 to N2O in air at concentrations of 0, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm. At the highest dose tested mean litter size and crown-rump length were significantly reduced compared to the control; other exposure levels showed no difference from the control in these respects. Skeletal abnormalities were only observed in the high dose gp, with soft part abnormalities not reported for any group. The high dose gp contained 4 resorptionsvs. zero in the control gp.
The effects of N2O exposure during different periods of gestation on pup development were investigated. Groups of rats exposed to air containing N2O (10000 ppm) for 6 h/d, 5 d/wk for wk 1 of gestation, the first 2 wks of gestation of for the whole 3 wks of gestation. All rats were allowed to deliver their litters and litters were monitored for 8 wks post partum. The litter size of all the groups exposed to N2O was significantly lower than control and body weight of those pups was lower than that of controls throughout the 8-wks post partum monitoring. Pups from mothers exposed during the 1stwk of gestation only were light than all others on all occasions. Tail length and body length were reduced for all N2O treated groups throughout the 8 wk post-partum period, compared with controls, although the differences were not always statistically significant (Vieira et al., 1978).
Finally, in a further report by Vieira et al (1983) where gps of pregnant Wistar rats (12/gp) were exposed for 6 h/d, 5 d/wk to 0, 250, 500, 1000 or 5000 ppm in air throughout gestation. Dams were killed on GD 19and the urterine contents were examined. Litter size and mean crown-rump length of the fetus was reduced in the group exposed to 0.5% N2O. There were no malformations or resorptions in any of the groups.
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