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EC number: 270-990-9 | CAS number: 68512-91-4 A complex combination of hydrocarbons produced by distillation and condensation of crude oil. It consists of hydrocarbons having carbon numbers in the range of C3 through C5, predominantly C3 through C4.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Vapour pressure
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- vapour pressure
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP status not known, guideline not known, information from a published handbook, acceptable with restrictions
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of method:
- other: method not reported
- Temp.:
- 16.85 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 217 kPa
- Key result
- Temp.:
- 21.85 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 255 kPa
- Conclusions:
- The vapour pressure of buta-1,3-diene is 255 kPa at 21.85ºC.
- Executive summary:
No information on the test methods used is available in the publication. However, this information is taken from a peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint. The vapour pressure of buta-1,3-diene is 255 kPa at 21.85ºC.
- Endpoint:
- vapour pressure
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non-GLP; non-guideline; Information from published handbook, data compendium, review article or other reference text; acceptable with restrictions.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- not known
- Type of method:
- other: Not known
- Temp.:
- -7.3 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 100 kPa
- Key result
- Temp.:
- 25 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 1 160 kPa
- Remarks on result:
- other: Extrapolated from reported result at lower temperature
- Conclusions:
- The vapour pressure of 2-methylpropene was determined to be 1160 kPa at 25°C. The endpoint value was extrapolated from a result at a lower temperature.
- Executive summary:
No information on the methods used is available. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and is considered reliable and suitable for use for this endpoint. The vapour pressure of 2 -methylpropene was determined to be 1160 kPa at 25°C. The endpoint value was extrapolated from a results at a lower temperature.
- Endpoint:
- vapour pressure
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- No data reported
- Type of method:
- other: No data reported
- Temp.:
- -12 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 100 kPa
- Temp.:
- 25 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 1 750 kPa
- Remarks on result:
- other: Calculated for standard temperature from 100 kPa at -12°C
- Key result
- Temp.:
- 21.85 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 319 kPa
- Remarks on result:
- other: Vapour pressure of fluids at temperatures below 300 K
- Temp.:
- 26.85 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 370 kPa
- Remarks on result:
- other: Vapour pressure of fluids at temperatures below 300 K
- Conclusions:
- The vapour pressure of isobutane is 319 kPa at 22°C.
- Executive summary:
The vapour pressure of isobutane is 319 kPa at 22°C. This information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use for this endpoint.
- Endpoint:
- vapour pressure
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- No data reported
- Type of method:
- other: No data reported
- Temp.:
- -0.8 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 100 kPa
- Temp.:
- 25 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 677 kPa
- Remarks on result:
- other: Calculated for standard temperature from 100 kPa at -0.8°C
- Key result
- Temp.:
- 21.85 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 221 kPa
- Remarks on result:
- other: Vapour pressure of fluids at temperatures below 300 K
- Temp.:
- 26.85 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 258 kPa
- Remarks on result:
- other: Vapour pressure of fluids at temperatures below 300 K
- Conclusions:
- The vapour pressure of butane is 221 kPa at 22°C.
- Executive summary:
The vapour pressure of butane is 221 kPa at 22°C. This information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use for this endpoint.
- Endpoint:
- vapour pressure
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non-GLP; non-guideline; Information from published handbook, data compendium, review article or other reference text; acceptable with restrictions.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- not known
- Type of method:
- other: Not known
- Key result
- Temp.:
- 25 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 1 100 kPa
- Remarks on result:
- other: But-1-ene: Extrapolated from reported result at lower temperature
- Key result
- Temp.:
- 25 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- >= 484 - <= 605 kPa
- Remarks on result:
- other: 2-butene: Extrapolated from reported result at lower temperature
- Temp.:
- -6.6 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 100 kPa
- Remarks on result:
- other: But-1-ene
- Temp.:
- 3.4 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 100 kPa
- Remarks on result:
- other: cis-2-butene
- Temp.:
- 0.6 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 100 kPa
- Remarks on result:
- other: trans-2-butene
- Conclusions:
- The vapour pressure of butene was determined to be 484 -1100 kPa at 25°C. The endpoint value was extrapolated from lower temperatures results for but-1-ene and but-2-ene.
- Executive summary:
No information on the methods used is available. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and is considered reliable and suitable for use for this endpoint. The vapour pressure of butene was determined to be 484 -1100 kPa at 25°C. The endpoint value was extrapolated from lower temperature results for but-1 -ene and but-2 -ene.
- Endpoint:
- vapour pressure
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP status not known, guideline not known, information from a published handbook, acceptable with restrictions
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of method:
- other: Method not known
- Temp.:
- -88.8 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 100 kPa
- Temp.:
- 25 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 26 000 000 kPa
- Remarks on result:
- other: Calculated to standard temperature from 100 kP at -88.8°C
- Key result
- Temp.:
- 21.85 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 3 917 kPa
- Remarks on result:
- other: Vapour pressure of fluids at temperatures below 300 K
- Temp.:
- 26.85 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 4 355 kPa
- Remarks on result:
- other: Vapour pressure of fluids at temperatures below 300 K
- Conclusions:
- The vapour pressure of ethane is 3917 kPa at 22°C.
- Executive summary:
No information on the primary source of the data or the methods used is available. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use for this endpoint. Most up to date source at the time. The vapour pressure of ethane is 3917 kPa at 22ºC.
- Endpoint:
- vapour pressure
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP status not known, information from a published handbook, acceptable with restrictions
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the Handbook of Vapor Pressures and Heats of Vapourization of Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds states that data included has been collected, calculated, critically selected and compiled. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- No data reported
- Type of method:
- other: No data reported
- Key result
- Temp.:
- -90 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 212.4 kPa
- Remarks on result:
- other: No further details provided
- Conclusions:
- The vapour pressure of ethylene is 212 4hPa at -90˚C.
- Executive summary:
The vapour pressure of ethylene is 2124 hPa at -90˚C. No information on the methods used is available. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.
- Endpoint:
- vapour pressure
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of method:
- other: No data reported
- Temp.:
- -161.7 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 100 kPa
- Temp.:
- 25 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 50 400 000 000 000 000 kPa
- Remarks on result:
- other: Calculated for standard temperature from 100 kPa at -161.7°C: 5.04E+19 Pa
- Temp.:
- -83.15 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 4 520 kPa
- Remarks on result:
- other: Vapour pressure of fluids at temperatures below 300 K.
- Key result
- Temp.:
- 25 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 445 000 000 kPa
- Remarks on result:
- other: Calculated for standard temperature from 4520 kPa at -83.15°C: 4.45 E+11 Pa
- Conclusions:
- The vapour pressure of methane is 4.45 E+8 kPa at 25˚C.
- Executive summary:
The vapour pressure of methane is 4.45 E+8 kPa at 25˚C. This information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use for this endpoint.
- Endpoint:
- vapour pressure
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- No data reported
- Type of method:
- other: No data reported
- Temp.:
- -42.3 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 100 kPa
- Temp.:
- 25 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 36 000 kPa
- Remarks on result:
- other: Calculated for standard temperature from 100 kPa at -42.3°C
- Key result
- Temp.:
- 21.85 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 878 kPa
- Remarks on result:
- other: Vapour pressure of fluids at temperatures below 300 K
- Temp.:
- 26.85 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 998 kPa
- Remarks on result:
- other: Vapour pressure of fluids at temperatures below 300 K
- Conclusions:
- The vapour pressure of propane is 878 kPa at 22°C.
- Executive summary:
The vapour pressure of propane is 878 kPa at 22°C. This information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use for this endpoint.
- Endpoint:
- vapour pressure
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study was conducted to standard guideline, major restrictions in reporting but otherwise considered reliable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ASTM D-323
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of method:
- other: Reid Method
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Vapour pressure:
- 59.89 PSI
- Conclusions:
- The vapour pressure of 95465-89-7 is reported as 59.89 PSI.
- Executive summary:
The study was conducted according to a standard guideline and is considered suitable for assessment. The vapour pressure of 95465-89-7 is 59.89 PSI.
Referenceopen allclose all
Extrapolated using EUSES v 2.1.2
Extrapolated using EUSES v 2.1.2
Description of key information
The vapour pressure of the substances in the category ranges from 143 kPa to 3917 kPa at 20 to 25ºC, with methane presenting a vaopur pressure of 4.45E+8 kPa at 25°C, which is 5-6 orders of magnitude higher than the rest.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Vapour pressure:
- 872 kPa
- at the temperature of:
- 22 °C
Additional information
Data are available for 95465-89-7 from a proprietary study conducted according to standard guidelines (Repsol 2009). The vapour pressure of 95465-89-7 is 143 kPa at 20°C.
Data from the CRC handbook (Lide 2008) were available for the substances methane, ethane, propane, 2-methylpropane (isobutane), 2-methylpropene, butane, butene and 1,3-butadiene. The information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use for this endpoint. Data for ethylene was taken from handbook by Zwolinski and Wilhoit (1971), which is peer reviewed and is considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint. Vapour pressure values of constituents at 20-25ºC have been extrapolated from results at lower temperatures. The vapour pressure of methane is 4.45 E+8 kPa at 25˚C, ethane is 3917 kPa at 22˚C, ethylene is 212.4 kPa at -90˚C, propane is 878 kPa at 22°C, 2-methylpropane is 319 kPa at 22°C, 2 -methylpropene is 1160 kPa, butane is 221 kPa at 22°C butene is 484 - 1100 kPa at 25ºC, and 1,3 -butadiene is 255 kPa at 22ºC.
The data available for these substances can be read across to other members of the category. The mean of the vapour pressure values for the category is 872 kPa at 22°C (excluding methane of the mean for having a value of orders of magnitude higher than the rest) and this has been used to complete the 'key value for chemical safety assessment'. This value may change for streams that do not contain 1,3 -butadiene.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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