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EC number: 244-073-9 | CAS number: 20837-86-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: study was preformed according to GLP
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 010
- Report date:
- 2011
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Lead cyanamidate
- EC Number:
- 244-073-9
- EC Name:
- Lead cyanamidate
- Cas Number:
- 20837-86-9
- Molecular formula:
- CN2.Pb
- IUPAC Name:
- λ²-lead(2+) (azanidylenemethylidene)azanide
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- As solubility lies below 100 mg/L, a saturated solution was prepared for the test. This was
done by weihging the nominal load, adding the corresponding amount of dilution water and
shaking vigorously for 24 hours. The resulting solution was filtrated through 0.45 µm filters.
From this stock solution, the concentrations to be tested were prepared by diluting with
dilution water.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- Specification
Species/Strain Daphnia magna STRAUS Berlin
Sex female
Age between 0 and 24 hours
Animal Husbandry
Daphnia magna is bred in the LAUS GmbH throughout the year. The animals are kept for the use in toxicity tests. They multiply by parthenogenesis, thus being genetically identi-cal. The keeping is performed similar to the method described in EN ISO 6341, following SOP 115 002 01 („Zucht und Hälterung von Daphnia magna STRAUS“), edition 10, adop-ted 04. Nov. 2010.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- 20.0 +/- 2 °C deviation within the test +/-1°C
- pH:
- 7.8 +/-0.2
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.2 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Treatments test item 1.0 / 2.2 / 4.6 / 10 / 22 mg/L
Treatments positive control 0.5 / 0.625 / 1.0 / 1.25 / 1.5 / 2.0 / 2.5 / 3.0 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- Selection of Daphnia
As M4 Medium contains the complex builder EDTA the adult animals are transferred in dilution water about 48 hours before the start of the test. This will be done to avoid un-wanted effects during analytical determination. 16 - 24 hours before the start of the test, the adult animals are separated from the young. 15 - 23 hours later, the adults are caught with the help of a glass tube, and the newborn daphnia, aged between 0 and 23 hours, are sieved from the medium and immediately placed into a 250 mL-beaker containing dilution water. After a settling-in period of 30 minutes, animals which show no apparent damage are used for the test.
Positive Control
The 24-EC50h of potassium dichromate will be determined in a current test. A stock solution containing 250 mg/L in deionised water will be used to prepare the treatments.
Performance of the Study
Using a glass tube (diameter approx. 8 mm), the daphnia are caught and lifted from the beaker. They are put on a small sieve, and the medium surrounding the animals is sucked off using absorbent paper. Immediately after that, the animals are put into the respective test solution.
The test vessels are left to stand for 48 hours. After 24 and 48 hours, the immobilised daphnia are counted. Daphnia are considered immobilised if they perform no movements or are only able to move their antennae when the beaker is gently agitated. Daphnia which are trapped at the surface of the test solution are also considered immobilised.
The pH and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the test vessels are measured at the beginning and at the end of the test.
The content of the test item in the test vessels is measured at the beginning and at the end of the test. Samples must not be filtrated. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- K2Cr2O7
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 25 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Duration:
- 48
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 18 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
Any other information on results incl. tables
Immobilities
In the control, none of the daphnia died or showed any signs of abnormal behaviour throughout the test
pH and O2, Temperature
The pH values in the test media and the control ranged from 7.7 to 8.0. The concentration of dissolved oxygen stayed above 8.2 mg/L throughout the test. Temperature range was 19.5 – 21.0 °C.
At the start and at the end of the test, the content of Pb as main component of the test item (80,3 %) was measured via AAS. The test solutions were concentrated up 10 fold before measurement. The measured values were scattered and in a much lower range than expected. Therefore, in an additional experiment, the solubility of Pb was determined in two saturated solutions (nominal concentration 100 mg/L). One solution was prepared in daphnia test medium and the other solution was prepared in demineralised water.
Because of reactions with the anions in the test medium, the measured Pb concentration in test medium was only 0.5 % of the Pb concentration in deionsed water. That means that analytical determination of valid and repeatable test item concentration was not possible. Therefore, the determination of the biological results was based on the nominal concentrations.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The presented data are reliable and adequate.
- Executive summary:
The main study was performed using five concentrations ranging from 1 to 22 mg/L nominal concentration. Twenty daphnia were exposed to the test item for 48 hours in a static test system. After 24 and 48 hours, the immobilised daphnia were counted.
Only the highest concentration showed significant toxicity (75% immobilisation after 48 hours). None of the animals were immobilised in the control.
The 24h-EC50iof potassium dichromate was tested in a current reference test. The value was determined as 1.6 mg/L, lying within the demanded range of 0.6 – 1.7 mg/L.
At the start and at the end of the test, the content of Pb as main component of the test item (80.3 %, determined via RFA, X-ray fluorescence) was measured via AAS. The measured Pb concentrations were unexpectedly low and implausible. Therefore, an additional experiment for the determination of solubility in deionised water and in daphnia test medium was performed.
Because of reactions with the anions in the test medium, the measured Pb concentration in test medium was only 0.5 % of the Pb concentration in deionised water. Furthermore, in the study for determination of solubility in water, it was verified that due to the oxidation of the test item during the test in all flasks and high deviation of the measurements in all flasks, a defined solubility of Blei-cyanamid can not be stated.
That means that determination of repeatable measured test item concentrations under test conditions was not possible. The determination of the biological results was based on the nominal concentrations.
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