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EC number: 201-853-3 | CAS number: 88-72-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Skin irritation: not a skin irritant (eq. OECD TG 404, pre-GLP, Key, rel.2).
Eye irritation: not an eye irritant (eq. OECD TG 405, pre-GLP, Key, rel.2).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1975
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Comparable to guideline with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- (occlusive coverage, 24h exposure duration, no details on substance purity; prior to GLP)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Fed. Reg. 38, No. 187, p. 27019, 1973
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- GLP was not mandatory at the time of the study
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- other: Himalayan (SPF-Albino)
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 1.5 - 2.0 kg
- Housing: animals were housed individually
- Diet: ad libitum, ERKA 8300 (Robert Koch oHG/Hamm, Germany)
- Water: ad libitum, tap water - Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- other: one flank shaved and the other abraded
- Vehicle:
- other: sesame oil
- Controls:
- not required
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied: 0.5 ml
- Concentration: 10% (left flank) and undiluted (right flank) - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 hour(s)
- Observation period:
- 72 hours
- Number of animals:
- 6
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: 3 cm2 on the flanks
- Type of wrap if used: 2.5 cm² surgical gauze soaked in test substance was covered with 6-8 cm wide PVC foil
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing: no
SCORING SYSTEM:
- According: Draize scoring system
- Time schedule for scoring: 24, 48, 72 hours after application - Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.33
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 hrs
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.33
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 hrs
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.33
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 hrs
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.33
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 hrs
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Executive summary:
Hollander and Weigand (1975):
2-nitrotoluene was applied undiluted (0.5 mL/rabbit) and diluted in sesame oil (0.5 mL 10% dilution/rabbit) to clipped intact and scarified areas of the skin, with a method similar to OECD guideline 404 (occlusive coverage, 24h exposure duration, no details on substance purity; prior to GLP) and according to the FDA Register 38 No. 187 (1973-09-27) and
The exposure lasted 24 hours and the observations were conducted at 24, 48 and 72 h according to the Draize score method.
Treatment with undiluted 2-nitrotoluene: 24 hours after exposure (no washing) the test substance produced very slight erythema (4/6 animals) and very slight edema (1/6 animals) After 48h, all signs of skin irritation were reversed. Mean erythema and edema scores (after 24, 48, 72h) are 0.2 and 0.1, respectively.
With respect to abraded skin treatment with undiluted 2-nitrotoluene: 24 hours after exposure 2-nitrotoluene produced very slight erythema (4/6 animals) and very slight edema (3/6 animals). 48 hours after exposure 2/6 animals produced very slight erythema and 1/6 very slight edema. After 72 hours all signs of skin irritation were reversed. Mean erythema and edema scores (after 24, 48, 72h) are 0.3 and 0.2.
Treatment with 10% 2 -nitrotoluene in sesame oil: 24hours after exposure (no washing) very slight erythema (1/6 animals) and very slight edema (1/6 animals) seen after of 2 -nitrotoluene to rabbit skin. After 48h, all signs of skin irritation were reversed. Mean erythema and edema scores (after 24, 48, 72h) are 0.1 and 0.1, respectively.
Treatment with 10% 2 -nitrotoluene in sesame oil on abraded skin: 24hours after exposure (no washing) very slight erythema (2/6 animals) and very slight edema (1/6 animals) seen after of 2 -nitrotoluene to rabbit skin. After 48h, all signs of skin irritation were reversed. Mean erythema and edema scores (after 24, 48, 72h) are 0.1 and 0.1, respectively.
2 -Nitrotoluene did not provoke skin irritation, hence it does not need to be classified according to the criteria laid down by the EU and GHS for the evaluation of skin irritation.
Reference
Table 1.Summary of results of skin irritation in rabbits after 24 h occlusive exposure of intact rabbit skin to the undiluted test substance
Readings | Animal | Erythema | Edema |
24h | 26 | 0 | 0 |
27 | 1 | 1 | |
28 | 1 | 0 | |
29 | 1 | 0 | |
30 | 1 | 0 | |
31 | 0 | 0 | |
48h | 26 | 0 | 0 |
27 | 0 | 0 | |
28 | 0 | 0 | |
29 | 0 | 0 | |
30 | 0 | 0 | |
31 | 0 | 0 | |
72h | 26 | 0 | 0 |
27 | 0 | 0 | |
28 | 0 | 0 | |
29 | 0 | 0 | |
30 | 0 | 0 | |
31 | 0 | 0 | |
Mean(24h-72h) | 26 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
27 | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
28 | 0.3 | 0.0 | |
29 | 0.3 | 0.0 | |
30 | 0.3 | 0.0 | |
31 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
Mean(24h-72h) | allanimals | 0.2 | 0.1 |
Table 2. Summary of results of skin irritation in rabbits after 24 h occlusive exposure of abraded rabbit skin to the undiluted test substance
Readings | Animal | Erythema | Edema |
24h | 26 | 0 | 1 |
27 | 1 | 1 | |
28 | 1 | 0 | |
29 | 1 | 1 | |
30 | 1 | 0 | |
31 | 0 | 0 | |
48h | 26 | 0 | 0 |
27 | 1 | 1 | |
28 | 0 | 0 | |
29 | 1 | 0 | |
30 | 0 | 0 | |
31 | 0 | 0 | |
72h | 26 | 0 | 0 |
27 | 0 | 0 | |
28 | 0 | 0 | |
29 | 0 | 0 | |
30 | 0 | 0 | |
31 | 0 | 0 | |
Mean(24h-72h) | 26 | 0.0 | 0.3 |
27 | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
28 | 0.3 | 0.0 | |
29 | 0.7 | 0.3 | |
30 | 0.3 | 0.0 | |
31 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
Mean(24h-72h) | allanimals | 0.3 | 0.2 |
Table 3: Summary of results of skin irritation in rabbits after 24 h occlusive exposure of intact rabbit skin to 10% of the 2-nitrotoluene in sesame oil.
Readings | Animal | Erythema | Edema |
24h | 26 | 0 | 0 |
27 | 0 | 0 | |
28 | 0 | 0 | |
29 | 1 | 1 | |
30 | 0 | 0 | |
31 | 0 | 0 | |
48h | 26 | 0 | 0 |
27 | 0 | 0 | |
28 | 0 | 0 | |
29 | 0 | 0 | |
30 | 0 | 0 | |
31 | 0 | 0 | |
72h | 26 | 0 | 0 |
27 | 0 | 0 | |
28 | 0 | 0 | |
29 | 0 | 0 | |
30 | 0 | 0 | |
31 | 0 | 0 | |
Mean(24h-72h) | 26 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
27 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
28 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
29 | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
30 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
31 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
Mean(24h-72h) | allanimals | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Table 4: Summary of results of skin irritation in rabbits after 24 h occlusive exposure of abraded rabbit skin to 10% of the of 2 nitro toluene in sesame oil.
Readings | Animal | Erythema | Edema |
24h | 26 | 0 | 0 |
27 | 0 | 1 | |
28 | 0 | 0 | |
29 | 1 | 0 | |
30 | 1 | 0 | |
31 | 0 | 0 | |
48h | 26 | 0 | 0 |
27 | 0 | 0 | |
28 | 0 | 0 | |
29 | 0 | 0 | |
30 | 0 | 0 | |
31 | 0 | 0 | |
72h | 26 | 0 | 0 |
27 | 0 | 0 | |
28 | 0 | 0 | |
29 | 0 | 0 | |
30 | 0 | 0 | |
31 | 0 | 0 | |
Mean (24h-72h)
| 26 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
27 | 0.0 | 0.3 | |
28 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
29 | 0.3 | 0.0 | |
30 | 0.3 | 0.0 | |
31 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
Mean(24h-72h) | allanimals | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1975
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Comparable to guideline with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no GLP conform. No analytical purity reported
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Federal Register, Vol 38, No. 187, 1973
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- GLP was not mandatory at the time of the study
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- other: Himalayan (SPF-Albino)
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Housing: the animals were housed individually
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum - Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- not specified
- Amount / concentration applied:
- Amount applied
TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied: 0.1 ml instilled in to the conjunctival sac of the eye
- Concentration: undiluted test substance
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing: Yes
- Time schedule for washing: Eyes were washed with physiological saline solution after the 24h reading
SCORING SYSTEM
- according Draize scoring system
TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: hand-slit lamp or magnifying glass and fluorescein (1:10,000)
-Time schedule for scoring: 1, 7, 24, 48, 72h after application - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 hours
- Observation period (in vivo):
- until 72 hours
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 6
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #6
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 3
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 3
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 3
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.33
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 hrs
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #5
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 3
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- The results were the following:
- Cornea Opacity: 0/6 animals throughout observation period
- Redness: slight erythema (after 24h), initially seen in 6 and 5 animals (after 1 and 7h, respectively). Erythema was totally reversed in all but 1 animal whose eye still manifested slight erythema. No erythema in any animal at 48 and 72h post instillation of the eye.
- Iris: 0/6 animals throughout observation period
- Swelling: 1/6 after 7h. Reversible after 24 h. No swelling observed - Executive summary:
Hollander and Weigand (1975):
The skin irritation of 2-nitrotoluene has been investigated in a study similar to OECD guideline 405 with deviations (no details on substance purity, prior to GLP).
The test substance (purity not given) was applied undiluted (0.1 ml/rabbit) in the conjunctival sac of 6 rabbits. The exposure lasted 24 h exposure, and observations were conducted at 1, 7, 24, 48 and 72 h. The irritation evaluation was made by means the Draize score method.
The results were the following:
- Cornea score: 0
- Conjunctiva score: 0.1 (fully reversible)
- Iris score: 0
- Chemosis score: 0
In accordance with the criteria laid down by the EU and GHS for the evaluation of eye irritation, 2 -nitrotoluene does not need to be classified.
Reference
| Animal | Cornea Opacity | Iris | Conjunctiva Redness | Swelling |
Readings | |||||
24h | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
29 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
48h | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
72d | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Mean (24h-72h) | 26 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
27 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
28 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
29 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | |
30 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
31 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
Mean (24h-72h) | allanimals | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Skin irritation:
A key study is available. 2-nitrotoluene was applied undiluted to clipped intact and scarified areas of the skin, with a method similar to OECD guideline 404 (occlusive coverage, 24h exposure duration, no details on substance purity; prior to GLP) and according to the FDA Register 38 No. 187 (1973-09-27).
Treatment with undiluted 2-nitrotoluene: 24 hours after exposure (no washing) the test substance produced very slight erythema (4/6 animals) and very slight edema (1/6 animals) After 48h, all signs of skin irritation were reversed.
Mean individual erythema scores (24/48/72 h): 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.33 / 0.33 / 0.0 (fully reversible within 48 h);
Mean individual edema scores (24/48/72 h): 0.0 / 0.33 / 0.0 / 0.0 0.0 / 0.0.
Eye irritation:
A key study is identified. The skin irritation of 2-nitrotoluene has been investigated in a study similar to OECD guideline 405 with deviations (no details on substance purity, prior to GLP).
The individual scores (24/48/72 h) were the following:
- Cornea score: 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0;
- Conjunctiva score: 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.33 / 0.0 / 0.0 (fully reversible within 48 h);
- Iris score: 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0;
- Chemosis score: 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Harmonised classification:
The substance has no harmonised classification for irritation / corrosion according to the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP).
Self classification:
Based on the available information no additional self-classification is proposed regarding both skin and eye irritation according to the CLP and to the GHS.
No data was available regarding respiratory irritation, however the substance not being classified for skin and eye irritation, no classification is expected for respiratory irritation.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.