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EC number: 202-878-2 | CAS number: 100-68-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- from 15th June 2010 to 28 July 2010
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: This study is GLP and guideline compliant
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 010
- Report date:
- 2010
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The temperature recorded was outside the range of 37± 1°C for 60 minutes in the third mutation experiment.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not relevant
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Methyl phenyl sulphide
- EC Number:
- 202-878-2
- EC Name:
- Methyl phenyl sulphide
- Cas Number:
- 100-68-5
- Molecular formula:
- C7H8S
- IUPAC Name:
- (methylsulfanyl)benzene
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Thioanisole
- Molecular weight: 124.19
- Physical state: Colourless to slightly yellowish liquid
- Analytical purity: 99 % minimum
- Lot/batch No.: 100310
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 23 March 2011
- Storage condition of test material: At room temperatures, protected from light under nitrogen
Test substance preparation: The test substance was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. The test solutions were prepared in amber coloured glassware. Test substance concentrations were used within 3.5 hours after preparation.
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- Histidine
Species / strainopen allclose all
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- Not applicable
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- other: TA1537 and TA98 detects frameshift mutation in hisC3076 and hisD3052/R-factor* respectively. TA1535 and TA100 detects base-pair substitutions in hisG46 and hisG46/R-factor* (* R-factor=plasmid pKM101)
- Species / strain / cell type:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- Not applicable
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- other: detects base-pair substitutions
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9 - prepared from adult male Wistar rats
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- In the dose selection study, Thioanisole was tested in the tested strains TA100 and WP2uvrA with concentrations of 3, 10, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 3330 and 5000 ug/plate in the absence and presence of S9-mix.
In the mutation assay, five different doses (increasing with approximately half-log steps) of the test substance were tested in triplicate in each strain. - Vehicle / solvent:
- dimethyl sulfoxide
Controlsopen allclose all
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- the vehicle of the test article: dimethyl sulfoxide
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- saline
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 5µg
- Positive control substance:
- sodium azide
- Remarks:
- TA1535 - Without metabolic activation
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- the vehicle of the test article: dimethyl sulfoxide
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Milli-Q water
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 60 µg
- Positive control substance:
- 9-aminoacridine
- Remarks:
- TA 1537 - Without metabolic activation
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- the vehicle of the test article: dimethyl sulfoxide
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- dimethyl sulfoxide
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 10 µg
- Positive control substance:
- 2-nitrofluorene
- Remarks:
- TA98 - Without metabolic activation
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- the vehicle of the test article: dimethyl sulfoxide
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- dimethyl sulfoxide
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 650ug
- Positive control substance:
- methylmethanesulfonate
- Remarks:
- TA100 - Without metabolic activation
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- the vehicle of the test article: dimethyl sulfoxide
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- dimethyl sulfoxide
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 10ug
- Positive control substance:
- 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide
- Remarks:
- WP2uvrA - Without metabolic activation
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- the vehicle of the test article: dimethyl sulfoxide
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- dimethyl sulfoxide
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 2.5ug for TA 1535, TA 1537 and TA 100. 1ug for TA 98 and TA 100. 5 µg for TA 1537 and 10 µg for WP2uvrA.
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-aminoanthracene
- Remarks:
- Used for all tester strains - with metabolic activation
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- Selection of an adequate range of doses was based on a dose range finding test with the strains TA100 and WP2uvrA, both with and without 5% (v/v) S9-mix. Eight concentrations, 3, 10, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 3330 and 5000 ug/plate were tested in triplicate. The highest concentrations of Thioanisole used in the subsequent mutation assay was the level at which the test substance inhibited bacterial growth.
In the mutation assay study, at least 5 different doses of the test substance were tested in triplicate in each strain. In the first experiment Thioanisole was tested both in the absence and presence of 5 % (v/v) S9-mix in tester strains TA1535, TA1537 and TA98. In an independent repeat of the assay with additional parameters, the test substance was tested both in the absence and presence of 10 % (v/v) S-9 mix in all tester strains. An additional third experiment was performed since no toxic dose levels were selected in the second mutation assay.
The negative control (vehicle) and relevant positive controls were concurrently tested in each strain in the presence and absence of S9-mix.
Top agar in top tubes was melted by heating to 45 °C. The following solutions were successively added to 3 mL molten top agar: 0.1 mL of a fresh bacterial culture (10 E9 cells/mL) of one of the tester strains, 0.1 mL of a dilution of the test substance in dimethyl sulfoxide and either 0.5 mL S9-mix (in case of activation assays) or 0.5 mL 0.1 M Phosphate buffer (in case of non-activation assays). The ingredients were mixed on a vortex and the content of the top agar tube was poured onto a selective agar plate. After solidification of the top agar, the plates were inverted and incubated in the dark at 37 ± 1.0°C for 48 ± 4 hours. After this period revertant colonies (histidine independent His +) for Salmonella typhirium bacteria and tryptophan independent (Trp+) for Escherichia coli were counted.
The revertant colonies (histidine independent or tryptophan independent) were counted manually if less than 40 colonies per plate were present. If more than 40 colonies were present, these were counted automatically with a Biocount 4000 Pro-S-colony counter. Plates with abundant test article precipitate which interfered with automated colony counting were counted manually and the evidence of test substance precipitate on the plates was recorded. The condition of the bacterial background lawn was evaluated, both macroscopically and microscopically by using a dissecting microscope.
Observations/measurements in the study were recorded electronically using the following programme: REES Centron Environmental Monitoring system verison SQL 2.0. - Evaluation criteria:
- No formal hypothesis testing was done.
A test substance is considered negative (not mutagenic) in the test if:
a) The total number of revertants in tester strain TA100 is not greater than two times the concurrent control, and the total number of revertants in tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 or WP2uvrA is not greater than three times the concurrent control.
b) The negative response should be reproducible in at least one independently repeated experiment.
A test substance is considered positive (mutagenic) in the test if:
a) The total number of revertants in tester strain TA100 is greater than two times the concurrent control, or the total number of revertants in tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 or WP2uvrA is greater than three time the concurrent control.
b) where a repeat experiment is performed when a positive response is observed in one of the tester strains, the positive response should be reproducible in at least one independently repeated experiment.
The preceding criteria were not absolute and other modifying factors might enter into the final evaluation decision by expert judgement. - Statistics:
- No data
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- 5000 µg/plate: extremely toxic
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- 5000 µg/plate: extremely toxic
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA1535, TA1537 and TA98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- not determined
- Remarks:
- Since no reduction of the bacterial background lawn and no biologically relevant decrease in the number of revertants was observed in the Salmonella typhirium tester strains, this part was repeated in the third mutation experiment.
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- In the dose range-finding study:
Precipitation of Thioanisole on the plates was only observed at the start of the incubation period at concentrations of 3330 and 5000 µg/plate.
Table 1, below, provides information on the toxicity of Thioanisole. There was no increase in the number of revertants.
Experiment 1:
Precipitation of Thioanisole on the plates was only observed at the start of the incubation period at a concentration of 3330 µg/plate. The reduction of the bacterial background lawn and the reduction in the number or revertants are presented in Table 2 below. There was no increase in the number of revertants upon treatment with Thioanisole under all the conditions used.
Experiment 2:
Precipitation of Thioanisole on the plates was only observed at the start of the incubation period at a concentration of 3330 µg/plate. Appropriate toxicity was only observed in tester strain WP2uvrA. A slight reduction of the bacterial background lawn was observed at a concentrations of 3330 µg/plate in the absence of the S9-mix. In the presence of S9-mix, microcolonies were formed with an extreme reduction of the bacterial background lawn at the top concentrations of 3330 µg/plate. Since no reduction of the bacterial background lawn and no biologically relevant decrease in the number of revertants was observed in the Salmonella typhimurium tester strains, this part was repeated in the third mutation experiment. There was no increase in the number of revertants under all conditions tested.
Experiment 3:
Precipitation of Thioanisole on the plates was only observed at the start of the incubation period at a concentration of 3330 µg/plate. The reduction of the bacterial background lawn and the reduction in the number of revertants are presented in table 3. No increase in the number of revertants was observed upon treatment with Thioanisole under all conditions used.
All bacterial strains showed negative responses over the entire dose range i.e. no significant dose-related increase in the number of revertants in three independently repeated experiments. The negative and strain-specific positive control values were within the laboratory historical control data ranges indicating that the test conditions were adequate and that the metabolic activation system functioned properly. - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'. Remarks: Thioanisole tested at: 1000, 3330 and 5000 µg/plate in absence and presence of S9 mix
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Toxicity of Thioanisole in the dose range finding test
train |
Without S9-mix |
With S9-mix |
||||
|
Dose (µg/plate) |
Bacterial background lawn |
Revertant colonies |
Dose (µg/plate) |
Bacterial background lawn |
Revertant colonies |
TA100 |
1000 |
Slight |
No reduction in number |
1000 |
Slight |
No reduction in number |
3330 |
Extreme |
Microcolonies |
3330 |
Extreme |
Microcolonies |
|
5000 |
Extreme |
Microcolonies |
5000 |
Extreme |
Microcolonies |
|
WP2uvrA |
3330 |
Extreme |
Microcolonies |
3330 |
Moderate |
No reduction in number |
5000 |
Extreme |
Microcolonies |
5000 |
Moderate |
No reduction in number |
Table 2: Toxicity of Thioanisole in the first experiment
train |
Without S9-mix |
With S9-mix |
||||
|
Dose (µg/plate) |
Bacterial background lawn |
Revertant colonies |
Dose (µg/plate) |
Bacterial background lawn |
Revertant colonies |
TA1535 |
1000 |
Slight |
No reduction in number |
1000 |
Slight |
No reduction in number |
3330 |
Extreme |
Microcolonies |
3330 |
Extreme |
Microcolonies |
|
TA1537 |
1000 |
Slight |
Moderate |
1000 |
Slight |
Slight |
3330 |
Extreme |
Microcolonies |
3330 |
Moderate |
Slight |
|
TA98 |
1000 |
Slight |
No reduction in number |
1000 |
Slight |
No reduction in number |
3330 |
Extreme |
Microcolonies |
3330 |
Extreme |
Microcolonies |
Table 3: Toxicity of Thioanisole in the third experiment
train |
Without S9-mix |
With S9-mix |
||||
|
Dose (µg/plate) |
Bacterial background lawn |
Revertant colonies |
Dose (µg/plate) |
Bacterial background lawn |
Revertant colonies |
TA1535 |
3330 |
Extreme |
Microcolonies |
3330 |
Extreme |
Microcolonies |
TA1537 |
3330 |
Extreme |
Microcolonies |
3330 |
Moderate |
No reduction in number |
TA98 |
1000 |
Slight |
No reduction in number |
3330 |
Moderate |
No reduction in number |
3330 |
Extreme |
Microcolonies |
||||
TA100 |
1000 |
Slight |
No reduction in number |
1000 |
Slight |
No reduction in number |
3330 |
Extreme |
Microcolonies |
3330 |
Extreme |
Microcolonies |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative with and without metabolic activation
Based on the results of the study it is concluded that Thioanisole is not mutagenic with and without metabolic activation in the reverse mutation assay using Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Under the conditions of this study, the test substance does not require classification according to Regulation EC No. 1272/2008 or according to Directive 67/548/EEC. - Executive summary:
In a study conducted by Verspeek-Rip (2010), the test substance, Thioanisole was tested in the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay with four histidine requiring strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100) and in the Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay with a tryptophan-requiring strain of Escherichia coli (WP2uvrA). The test was performed in two independent experiments in the presence and absence of S9 -mix. Since in the second experiment in the tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100 no toxicity or precipitate on the plates was observed, a third mutation experiment was performed with these strains in the absence and presence of 10 % (v/v) S9 -mix. The study was carried out to the most recent OECD and EC Guidelines.
All bacterial strains showed negative responses over the entire dose range. The negative and strain-specific positive control values were within the laboratory historical control data ranges indicating that the test conditions were adequate and that the metabolic activation system functioned properly. Based on the results of the study it is concluded that Thioanisole is not mutagenic, both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation, in the reverse mutation assay using Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Under the conditions of this study, the test substance does not require classification according to Regulation EC No. 1272/2008 or according to Directive 67/548/EEC.
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