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EC number: 204-428-0 | CAS number: 120-82-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Adsorption / desorption
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- adsorption / desorption, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Original reference is not available.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Media:
- soil
- Executive summary:
Paya-Perez (1991)
KOC = 10400
- Endpoint:
- adsorption / desorption, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Original reference is not available.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Executive summary:
UBA (1984)
KOC = 4300 (calculated)- Endpoint:
- adsorption / desorption, other
- Type of information:
- other: EU Risk Assessment
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- other: EU Risk Assessment
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: No reliability is given as this is a summary entry for the EU RAR.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- EU Risk Assessment
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Executive summary:
EU Risk Assessment, 2003 (part2/2):
This endpoint study record was only created for further reference entries (>10) belonging to “5.4.1, other, EU Risk Assessment, 2003 (part 1/2)”.- Endpoint:
- adsorption / desorption, other
- Type of information:
- other: EU Risk Assessment
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- other: EU Risk Assessment
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: No reliability is given as this is a summary entry for the EU RAR.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- EU Risk Assessment
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Executive summary:
EU Risk Assessment,2003:
1,2,4-TCB has a high adsorption capacity and the mobility in soil is expected to be low. However, because the degradation is slow in soil, 1,2,4-TCB may leach through sandy soils low in organic carbon content and reach groundwater.
Mobility (Leaching studies)
Mobility was studied in a soil column study on a sandy soil in a 5 cm diameter and 140 cm high soil column. The soil contained 92% sand, 2.1% clay, 0.067% organic carbon and pH was 6.4. The soil column received 14 cm water per day over 45 days with the measured concentrations 3.4 and 0.57 mg/l 1,2,4-TCB. When 3.4 mg/l was applied, 46% was leached and 54% was degraded or not accounted for. When 0.57 mg/l was applied, 39% was found in eluate and 61% was degraded or not accounted for. The amount of volatiles was not determined (Wilson et al., 1981) although other studies indicated volatility to be essential. The study indicates that 1,2,4-TCB may leach into groundwater in sandy soils with low content of organic carbon. The potential for mobility is confirmed by recoveries in groundwater surveys.
Adsorption
The adsorption was studied according to OECD TG 106 in three soils; alfisol clay soil (0.76% organic carbon (OC)) using the concentration range 6-25µg/l, spodosol (sandy soil, 3.56% OC) in the concentration range 7 -127µg/l and entisol (clay soil 1.11% OC). The adsorption coefficient K values were 9.7, 82 and 10.7 and the estimated Koc values were 1,300, 2,300 and 970 for alfisol, spodosol and entisol, respectively (Broecker et al., 1984).
Three silty clay soils are used in an adsorption study of soils with low organic carbon content (1.2, 0.11 and 0.06% OC, respectively). The initial concentrations were 0.5 -1.0 mg/l. Koc values were estimated to be 885, 2,100 and 1,300, respectively for the three soils. (Southworth and Keller, 1986). The soils were all clay soils with a clay content of 60, 86 and 68%, respectively.
The Freundlich adsorption constant in a peaty soil (29% organic matter ) was 241.4 resulting in a Koc of 1,441 (Friesel et al., 1984). The difference between adsorption and desorption (Kdes 200.8) indicates a high degree of reversibility of sorption.
In the study by Chiou et al. (1983), the adsorption was studied in a silt loam with 1.9% and a log Kom of 2.70 is presented. Recalculating Kom to Koc would result in a Koc of 864.
In an American study on an alluvial soil with low carbon content,the adsorption distribution constant K varied between 1.2 and 11.6 (l/kg) and the Koc values were calculated to be in the range 800 to 2,490 with the mean ± SD to be 1,460 ± 440 (Banerjee et al., 1985)
Other reported Koc values were 2,042 (US EPA, 1980; Howard, 1989; Calamari et al., 1983) and 1,000 (Wilson et al., 1981). Higher values of Koc have been found in the literature and using the TGD estimation (log Koc = 0.81 log Kow + 0.1) would result in Koc = 2,401.
A QSAR estimation performed by first order molecular connectivity index resulted in an estimated Koc of 718 (PCKOC in EPIWIN, 1995; Meylan and Howard, 1994).
The average Koc value from the data mentioned in this report is 1,424 and a Koc of 1,400 is used in the risk assessment estimations.
- Endpoint:
- adsorption / desorption, other
- Type of information:
- other: BUA report
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- other: BUA report
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: No reliability is given as this is a summary entry for the BUA report.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- BUA report
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Executive summary:
BUA report, 1987:
According to OECD TG 106 following values for adsorption / desorption were found (Brocker et al., 1984):soil K Koc Concentration range [µg/L] Alfisol 9.7 1300 0.14-3.5 Spodosol 82 2300 0.04-0.7 Entisol 10.7 9700 0.13-3.0 Desorption: Alfisol Kdes=30 Desorption: Spodosol Kdes=130 Desorption: Entisol Kdes=30
In another laboratory following values were found (Korte and Freitag, 1984):Soil A [%] K Koc D1 [%] D2 [%] Alfisol 998.65 361 47479 0.34 0.44 Spodosol 99.50 763 21435 0.69 0.45 - Endpoint:
- adsorption / desorption, other
- Remarks:
- adsorption
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Original reference is not available.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Media:
- other: sediment
- Executive summary:
Schrap, 1989:
sediment:
KOC = 500
KOC = 890
KOC = 1300
KOC = 2100- Endpoint:
- adsorption / desorption, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Original reference is not available.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Media:
- other: sediment
- Executive summary:
Mabey, 1982:
sediment:
KOC = 9200- Endpoint:
- adsorption / desorption, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Original reference is not available.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Media:
- other: sediment
- Executive summary:
Knezovich, 1988:
sediment:
KOC = 1830
KOC = 3030- Endpoint:
- adsorption / desorption, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- abstract
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Media:
- other: soil
- Executive summary:
Chin, 1988:
soil:
KOC = 9550- Endpoint:
- adsorption / desorption, other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Original reference is not available.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Media:
- other: other
- Executive summary:
Brusseau, 1990:
soil:
KOC = 780
muck:
KOC = 530
Referenceopen allclose all
EU Risk Assessment (2003):
This endpoint study record was only created for further reference entries (>10) belonging to "5.4.1, rel other, EU Risk Assessment, 2003 (part 1/2)".
EU Risk Assessment (2003):
Conclusion on mobility and adsorption
1,2,4-TCB has a high adsorption capacity and the mobility in soil is expected to be low. However, because the degradation is slow in soil, 1,2,4-TCB may leach through sandy soils low in organic carbon content and reach groundwater.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mobility (Leaching studies)
Mobility was studied in a soil column study on a sandy soil in a 5 cm diameter and 140 cm high soil column. The soil contained 92% sand, 2.1% clay, 0.067% organic carbon and pH was 6.4. The soil column received 14 cm water per day over 45 days with the measured concentrations 3.4 and 0.57 mg/l 1,2,4-TCB. When 3.4 mg/l was applied, 46% was leached and 54% was degraded or not accounted for. When 0.57 mg/l was applied, 39% was found in eluate and 61% was degraded or not accounted for. The amount of volatiles was not determined (Wilson et al., 1981) although other studies indicated volatility to be essential. The study indicates that 1,2,4-TCB may leach into groundwater in sandy soils with low content of organic carbon. The potential for mobility is confirmed by recoveries in groundwater surveys.
Adsorption
The adsorption was studied according to OECD TG 106 in three soils; alfisol clay soil (0.76% organic carbon (OC)) using the concentration range 6-25µg/l, spodosol (sandy soil, 3.56% OC) in the concentration range 7 -127µg/l and entisol (clay soil 1.11% OC). The adsorption coefficient K values were 9.7, 82 and 10.7 and the estimated Koc values were 1,300, 2,300 and 970 for alfisol, spodosol and entisol, respectively (Broecker et al., 1984).
Three silty clay soils are used in an adsorption study of soils with low organic carbon content (1.2, 0.11 and 0.06% OC, respectively). The initial concentrations were 0.5 -1.0 mg/l. Koc values were estimated to be 885, 2,100 and 1,300, respectively for the three soils. (Southworth and Keller, 1986). The soils were all clay soils with a clay content of 60, 86 and 68%, respectively.
The Freundlich adsorption constant in a peaty soil (29% organic matter ) was 241.4 resulting in a Koc of 1,441 (Friesel et al., 1984). The difference between adsorption and desorption (Kdes 200.8) indicates a high degree of reversibility of sorption.
In the study by Chiou et al. (1983), the adsorption was studied in a silt loam with 1.9% and a log Kom of 2.70 is presented. Recalculating Kom to Koc would result in a Koc of 864.
In an American study on an alluvial soil with low carbon content,the adsorption distribution constant K varied between 1.2 and 11.6 (l/kg) and the Koc values were calculated to be in the range 800 to 2,490 with the mean ± SD to be 1,460 ± 440 (Banerjee et al., 1985)
Other reported Koc values were 2,042 (US EPA, 1980; Howard, 1989; Calamari et al., 1983) and 1,000 (Wilson et al., 1981). Higher values of Koc have been found in the literature and using the TGD estimation (log Koc = 0.81 log Kow + 0.1) would result in Koc = 2,401.
A QSAR estimation performed by first order molecular connectivity index resulted in an estimated Koc of 718 (PCKOC in EPIWIN, 1995; Meylan and Howard, 1994).
The average Koc value from the data mentioned in this report is 1,424 and a Koc of 1,400 is used in the risk assessment estimations.
BUA report (1987):
According to OECD TG 106 following values for adsorption / desorption were found (Brocker et al., 1984):
soil | K | Koc | Concentration range [µg/l] |
Alfisol | 9,7 | 1300 | 0,14 - 3,5 |
Spodosol | 82 | 2300 | 0,04 ¿ 0,7 |
Entisol | 10,7 | 970 | 0,13 ¿ 3,0 |
Desorption: Alfisol | KDes¿ 30 |
|
|
Desorption: Spodosol | KDes= 130 |
|
|
Desorption: Entisol | KDes= 30 |
|
|
In another laboratory following values were found (Korte and Freitag, 1984):
soil | A [%] | K¿ | K¿OC | D1 [%] | D2 [%] |
Alfisol | 98,65 | 361 | 47479 | 0,34 | 0,44 |
Spodosol | 99,50 | 763 | 21435 | 0,69 | 0,45 |
Description of key information
For transported isolated intermediates according to REACh, Article 18, this endpoint is not a data requirement. However, data is available for this endpoint and is thus reported under the guidance of "all available data".
Brusseau, 1990:
soil:
KOC = 780
muck:
KOC = 530
Chin, 1988:
soil:
KOC = 9550
Knezovich, 1988:
sediment:
KOC = 1830
KOC = 3030
Mabey, 1982:
sediment:
KOC = 9200
Schrap, 1989:
sediment:
KOC = 500
KOC = 890
KOC = 1300
KOC = 2100
Paya-Perez, 1991:
KOC = 10400
UBA, 1984:
KOC = 4300 (calculated)
BUA report, 1987:
According to OECD TG 106 following values for adsorption / desorption were found (Brocker et al., 1984):
soil | K | Koc | Concentration range [µg/L] |
Alfisol | 9.7 | 1300 | 0.14-3.5 |
Spodosol | 82 | 2300 | 0.04-0.7 |
Entisol | 10.7 | 9700 | 0.13-3.0 |
Desorption: Alfisol | Kdes=30 | ||
Desorption: Spodosol | Kdes=130 | ||
Desorption: Entisol | Kdes=30 |
In another laboratory following values were found (Korte and Freitag, 1984):
Soil | A [%] | K | Koc | D1 [%] | D2 [%] |
Alfisol | 998.65 | 361 | 47479 | 0.34 | 0.44 |
Spodosol | 99.50 | 763 | 21435 | 0.69 | 0.45 |
EU Risk Assessment, 2003:
1,2,4-TCB has a high adsorption capacity and the mobility in soil is expected to be low. However, because the degradation is slow in soil, 1,2,4-TCB may leach through sandy soils low in organic carbon content and reach groundwater.
Mobility (Leaching studies)
Mobility was studied in a soil column study on a sandy soil in a 5 cm diameter and 140 cm high soil column. The soil contained 92% sand, 2.1% clay, 0.067% organic carbon and pH was 6.4. The soil column received 14 cm water per day over 45 days with the measured concentrations 3.4 and 0.57 mg/l 1,2,4-TCB. When 3.4 mg/l was applied, 46% was leached and 54% was degraded or not accounted for. When 0.57 mg/l was applied, 39% was found in eluate and 61% was degraded or not accounted for. The amount of volatiles was not determined (Wilson et al., 1981) although other studies indicated volatility to be essential. The study indicates that 1,2,4-TCB may leach into groundwater in sandy soils with low content of organic carbon. The potential for mobility is confirmed by recoveries in groundwater surveys.
Adsorption
The adsorption was studied according to OECD TG 106 in three soils; alfisol clay soil (0.76% organic carbon (OC)) using the concentration range 6-25µg/l, spodosol (sandy soil, 3.56% OC) in the concentration range 7 -127µg/l and entisol (clay soil 1.11% OC). The adsorption coefficient K values were 9.7, 82 and 10.7 and the estimated Koc values were 1,300, 2,300 and 970 for alfisol, spodosol and entisol, respectively (Broecker et al., 1984).
Three silty clay soils are used in an adsorption study of soils with low organic carbon content (1.2, 0.11 and 0.06% OC, respectively). The initial concentrations were 0.5 -1.0 mg/l. Koc values were estimated to be 885, 2,100 and 1,300, respectively for the three soils. (Southworth and Keller, 1986). The soils were all clay soils with a clay content of 60, 86 and 68%, respectively.
The Freundlich adsorption constant in a peaty soil (29% organic matter ) was 241.4 resulting in a Koc of 1,441 (Friesel et al., 1984). The difference between adsorption and desorption (Kdes 200.8) indicates a high degree of reversibility of sorption.
In the study by Chiou et al. (1983), the adsorption was studied in a silt loam with 1.9% and a log Kom of 2.70 is presented. Recalculating Kom to Koc would result in a Koc of 864.
In an American study on an alluvial soil with low carbon content,the adsorption distribution constant K varied between 1.2 and 11.6 (l/kg) and the Koc values were calculated to be in the range 800 to 2,490 with the mean ± SD to be 1,460 ± 440 (Banerjee et al., 1985)
Other reported Koc values were 2,042 (US EPA, 1980; Howard, 1989; Calamari et al., 1983) and 1,000 (Wilson et al., 1981). Higher values of Koc have been found in the literature and using the TGD estimation (log Koc = 0.81 log Kow + 0.1) would result in Koc = 2,401.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
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