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EC number: 203-913-4 | CAS number: 111-84-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- sub-chronic toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions. Only male rats tested, organ weights not determined, no recovery period.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Petroleum hydrocarbon toxicity studies XVII. Animal response to n-nonane vapor
- Author:
- Carpenter, C.P. et al.
- Year:
- 1 978
- Bibliographic source:
- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 44: 53-61
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 413 (Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-Day Study)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Only males tested, no recovery period, organ weights not determined
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Nonane
- EC Number:
- 203-913-4
- EC Name:
- Nonane
- Cas Number:
- 111-84-2
- Molecular formula:
- C9H20
- IUPAC Name:
- nonane
- Reference substance name:
- 203-193-4
- IUPAC Name:
- 203-193-4
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): n-Nonane
- Analytical purity: technical grade n-nonane, 98.4 %
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: Harlan-Wistar
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 216.1 ± 35.7 - 227.8 ± 37.7 g (mean values)
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- other: unchanged (no vehicle)
- Remarks on MMAD:
- MMAD / GSD: not applicable, vapour
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: gas chromatography - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- Chamber air samples, collected with airtight syringes, were injected within 30 seconds after capture into a gas chromatograph, samples were taken twice a day. Actual doses received: 1.9, 3.1, 8.4 mg/L (nominal exposure levels: 2.5, 5.0, 10 mg/L).
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 13 weeks
- Frequency of treatment:
- 6 hours/day, 5 days/week
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
1.9, 3.1, 8.4 mg/L (corresponding to 360, 590, 1600 ppm)
Basis:
analytical conc.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 25 males
- Control animals:
- yes, sham-exposed
- Details on study design:
- - Post-exposure recovery period in satellite groups: no
- Positive control:
- not applicable
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: daily
- Cage side observations included: overall appearance, behaviour
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes: 3, 3, and 8-9 rats/group, respectively
- Time schedule: at 3, 8 and 13 weeks of exposure (19, 38 and 63 days actual exposure, respectively): prior to sacrifice
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: weekly
HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: at 3, 8 and 13 weeks of exposure (19, 38 and 63 days actual exposure, respectively): prior to sacrifice
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: No (tail vein)
- How many animals: 3, 3, and 8-9 rats/group, respectively (sacrificed)
- Parameters examined: hematocrit, total erythrocyte counts, reticulocyte counts, total and differential leukocyte counts
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes (from severed cervical vessels)
- Time schedule for collection of blood: at 3, 8 and 13 weeks of exposure (19, 38 and 63 days actual exposure, respectively)
- How many animals: 3, 3, and 8-9 rats/group, respectively (sacrificed)
- Parameters examined: serum alklaline phosphatase, SGOT, SGPT, blood urea nitrogen
URINALYSIS: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of urine: at 3, 8 and 13 weeks of exposure (19, 38 and 63 days actual exposure, respectively): prior to sacrifice - Sacrifice and pathology:
- GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes, but organ weights not determined.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes: brain, respiratory tract, heart, thyroid, liver, kidney, adrenal, spleen, pancreas, stomach and intestine, skeletal muscle, bone marrow and peripheral nerve. Reproductive organs were not examined - Statistics:
- Results of quantitative continuous variables (e.g. body weight changes) were evaluated using Bartlett's homogeneity of variance, analysis of variance and rank sum. Duncan's multiple range test was used if F for ANOVA was significantly high. If Bartlett's test indicated heterogeneous variances, the F-test was used for each group vs controls. If these F-tests were not significant, Student's t-test was used; if significant, means were compared by Cochran's t-test or rank sum test. Frequency data (e.g. mortality, micropathological conditions) were compared between groups by Chi square with Yates correction for continuity. Critical level of significance was 0.05.
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not examined
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- no effects observed
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Urinalysis findings:
- no effects observed
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not examined
- Gross pathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not examined
- Details on results:
- CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY
1.9 mg/L: 2 animals died during the 13 week exposure period, one during the 46th exposure and the other after the 52nd exposure. These deaths were determined to be not dose or treatment related.
3.1 mg/L: All animals survived through study termination. There were no signs of distress throughout the 13-week study.
8.4 mg/L: Two rats died during the first day of exposure.
BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN
1.9 mg/L: Both deceased animals showed weight gains during the week before they died.
3.1 mg/L: No effects reported.
8.4 mg/L: The mean body weights or mean body weight changes of rats were statistically significantly lower than controls when compared at 3, 17, 32, 46 and 61 exposure days.
HAEMATOLOGY
No effects reported.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
8.4 mg/L: Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase value for blood taken from rats after 4 weeks was statistically significantly greater than that of controls. However, the increases were not observed after 8 or 13 weeks suggesting a transient effect.
Other dose groups: No effects reported.
URINALYSIS
No effects reported.
GROSS PATHOLOGY
1.9 mg/L: Gross and micropathological examination of the lung tissue of both deceased animals revealed suppurative bronchopneumonia. These deaths were determined to be not dose or treatment related.
3.1 mg/L: No effects reported.
8.4 mg/L: Two rats died during the first day of exposure. Lung congestion and hemorrhage were noted at necropsy and no other significant lesions were found upon histopathological examination.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: NON-NEOPLASTIC
8.4 mg/L: Micropathological evaluation of tissues after 4, 8, and 13 weeks revealed only common sporadic lesions that were not considered to be treatment related.
Other dose groups: No effects reported.
Effect levels
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- Effect level:
- 8 400 mg/m³ air (analytical)
- Sex:
- male
- Basis for effect level:
- other: clinical signs and body weight
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
Under the conditions of this inhalation study in rats, the NOAEC was 8.4 mg/L.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this inhalation study in rats, the NOAEC was 8.4 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
Under the conditions of this inhalation study in rats, the NOAEC was 8.4 mg/L.
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