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EC number: 231-600-2 | CAS number: 7647-17-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2011-10-11 to 2011-10-28
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP and Guideline compliant study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 011
- Report date:
- 2011
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted 1997
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OTS 798.5100 (Escherichia coli WP2 and WP2 UVRA Reverse Mutation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- August 1998
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Caesium chloride
- EC Number:
- 231-600-2
- EC Name:
- Caesium chloride
- Cas Number:
- 7647-17-8
- Molecular formula:
- ClCs
- IUPAC Name:
- caesium chloride
- Test material form:
- solid: crystalline
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- The Salmonella typhimurium histidine (his) reversion system measures his- to his+ reversions. The Salmonella typhimurium strains are constructed to differentiate between base pair (TA 1535, TA 100) and frameshift (TA 1537, TA 98) mutations. The Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA (trp) reversion system measures trp– to trp+ reversions. The Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA detect mutagens that cause other base-pair substitutions (AT to GC).
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Phenobarbital (PB) and ß-naphthoflavone (BNF) induced rat liver S 9-mix
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 5000; 1581; 500; 158; 50 and 15.8 μg/plate.
- Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle/solvent used: distilled water
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: This vehicle was compatible with the survival of the bacteria and the S9 activity and was chosen based on the results of the preliminary Solubility Test.
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 1. DMSO; 2. ultrapure water
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: Without metabolic activation: 4-nitro-1,2-phenylene-diamine (TA98); Sodium azide (TA100); 9-aminoacridine (TA1535); Methyl-methanesulfonate (WP2). With metabolic activation: 2-aminoanthracene (all strains)
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- Standard plate incorporation procedure was performed, as an initial mutation test. Bacteria (cultured in Nutrient broth No.2) were exposed to the test item, both in the presence and absence of an appropriate metabolic activation system.
Molten top agar was prepared and kept at 45 °C. 2 mL of top agar was aliquoted into individual test tubes (3 tubes per controls or concentration levels). The equivalent number of minimal glucose agar plates was properly labelled. The test item and other components were prepared fresh and added to the overlay (45 °C).
This solution was mixed and poured on the surface of minimal agar plates. For activation studies, instead of phosphate buffer, 0.5 mL of the S9 Mix was added to each overlay tube. The entire test consisted of non-activated and activated test conditions (without S9 Mix and with addition of S9 Mix) and each of them with the addition of negative and positive controls.
For the pre-incubation method, before overlaying the test item, the bacterial culture and the S9 Mix or phosphate buffer was added into the appropriate tubes, providing direct contact between bacteria and the test item (in its solvent). These tubes were gently mixed and incubated for 20 min at 37 ºC using a shaker. After the incubation the content of the tubes was added to the molten top agar prior to pouring onto the surface of minimal agar plates.
After solidification the plates were inverted and incubated at 37 °C for at least 48 hours in the dark.
The colony numbers on the control, positive control and the test plates were determined, the mean values, standard deviations and the mutation rates were calculated. - Evaluation criteria:
- A test item is considered mutagenic if:
- a dose-related increase in the number of revertants occurs and/or;
- a reproducible biologically relevant positive response for at least one of the dose groups occurs in at least one strain with or without metabolic activation.
An increase is considered biologically relevant if:
- in strain TA100 the number of reversions is at least twice as high as the reversion rate of the vehicle control
- in strain TA98, TA1535, TA1537 and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA the number of reversions is at least three times higher than the reversion rate of the vehicle control. - Statistics:
- not applicable
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative
The test item is considered non-mutagenic in the bacterial reverse mutation assay. - Executive summary:
In compliance with the OECD Guideline No. 471 and EU Method B.13/14, five bacterial strains, Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537 and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA were used to investigate the mutagenic potential of cesium chloride. Following concentrations were tested in two independent experiments composed of an initial mutation test (plate incorporation test) and a conformation mutation test (pre-incubation test): 5000, 1581, 500, 158, 50 and 15.8 μg test item/plate. Each assay was conducted with and without metabolic activation (S9 Mix). The concentrations, including the respective positive and negative controls, were tested in triplicate.
No substantial increases or decreases were observed in revertant colony numbers of any of the five test strains following treatment with cesium chloride at any concentration level, either in the presence or absence of metabolic activation (S9 Mix) in the performed experiments. Sporadic increases in revertant colony numbers compared to the vehicle control values and/or revertant colony numbers above the actual historical control data ranges were observed in both independently performed main experiments. However, there was no tendency of higher mutation rates with increasing concentrations beyond the generally acknowledged border of biological relevance in the performed experiments.
Thus, it can be concluded that the test item did not induce gene mutations by frameshift or base-pair substitution in the genome of the strains used. Therefore, cesium chloride is considered non-mutagenic in this bacterial reverse mutation assay.
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