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EC number: 201-344-6 | CAS number: 81-33-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Remarks:
- Dispersion stability in simulated environmental media
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2020
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 020
- Report date:
- 2019
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD 318
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxydiimide
- EC Number:
- 201-344-6
- EC Name:
- Perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxydiimide
- Cas Number:
- 81-33-4
- Molecular formula:
- C24H10N2O4
- IUPAC Name:
- 7,18-diazaheptacyclo[14.6.2.2²,⁵.0³,¹².0⁴,⁹.0¹³,²³.0²⁰,²⁴]hexacosa-1(23),2,4,9,11,13,15,20(24),21,25-decaene-6,8,17,19-tetrone
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Details on test material:
- -
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
At any of the time points mentioned in the TG-318, the influence of Ca is critical. Regardless of pH, the pigment is categorized at the 24h-sampling time as “unstable” in 10 mM Ca, representing high water hardness. At 6h, most media induce “intermediate stability”, only at 10mM Ca we observed “low stability”.
The difference between pH 7 and pH 9 is low, but pH 4 systematically induces a lower stability.
Table 1: Full results of the dispersion stability in the presence of NOM
|
Ca(NO3)2 |
Stability |
Standard |
Stability |
Standard |
Stability |
Standard |
|
[mM] |
[%] |
[%] |
[%] |
[%] |
[%] |
[%] |
pH 4 |
0 |
21.8 |
1.3 |
11 |
1.1 |
7.7 |
0.4 |
pH 4 |
1 |
12.3 |
0.7 |
6.2 |
0.5 |
5.1 |
0.5 |
pH 4 |
10 |
7.5 |
0.6 |
3.4 |
0.1 |
2.4 |
0.2 |
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pH 7 |
0 |
41.8 |
2.3 |
22.1 |
1.4 |
17.1 |
1 |
pH 7 |
1 |
39.9 |
2 |
18.8 |
0.8 |
15.1 |
0.2 |
pH 7 |
10 |
9.6 |
0.5 |
4.4 |
0.4 |
3.4 |
0.3 |
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pH 9 |
0 |
31.9 |
1.5 |
21 |
1.1 |
16.1 |
1.1 |
pH 9 |
1 |
29 |
2 |
20 |
0.4 |
15.7 |
0.6 |
pH 9 |
10 |
8 |
0.2 |
4.3 |
0.3 |
3.2 |
0.2 |
Comparing dispersion stability without NOM
The core hypothesis of the present study was that Pigment Violet 29, due to its hydrophobicity, might be categorized as “low dispersion stability”, under all conditions. This was proven wrong by the testing in the presence of NOM. Testing under NOM-free conditions was thus obsolete and not performed.
Cross-check the apparent stability by a fractionating method that physically separates particles from dissolved matter, and centrifugation results
To rationalize the observed dispersion stability, we finally checked the particle size distribution directly in the environmental medium (exact same sample preparation as for the UV/VIS measurements). We applied the NanoDefine method of Analytical Ultracentrifugation (SOP AUC-RI). The centrifugation parameters are given in the methods section. The observed size distribution is very polydisperse, with a fraction of particle agglomerates at 200nm, which are responsible for the intermediate stability. If the particles would have been significantly dissolved, no size distribution would be observable at all by this method, which relies on the detection of the movement of particles during centrifugal separation.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
The evidence from dispersion stability is consistent with the size distribution obtained by centrifugal separation of particles. The pigment Violet 29 is significantly agglomerated, but above the 10% stability cutoff after 6h.
We found that the organic pigment is rather insensitive to pH changes, with limited differences in dispersion stability between pH 4 and pH 9. This was a significant difference against the metal oxide (TiO2) that was proposed as benchmark material of intermediate stability by the TG-318.
Taken together, the dispersion stability of Pigment Violet 29 is intermediate in media with NOM. Only in very hard water with 10 mM Ca, the dispersion stability is low.
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