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EC number: 860-695-9 | CAS number: 88247-41-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 21 - 23 Apr 2021
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 021
- Report date:
- 2021
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2004
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: "Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilization Test" stipulated in the "Testing Methods for New Chemical Substances" of Japanese Chemical Substances Control Law
- Version / remarks:
- March 31, 2011, Yakushokuhatsu 0331 No. 7
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD Guidance Document, No. 23 (Second Edition), "Guidance Document onAqueous-phaseAquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Test Chemicals"
- Version / remarks:
- February 2019
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)formamide
- EC Number:
- 860-695-9
- Cas Number:
- 88247-41-0
- Molecular formula:
- C17H35NO
- IUPAC Name:
- N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)formamide
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: control, 4.76, 8.57, 15.4, 27.8, 50% of stock solution content
- Sampling method: Approximately 10-50 mL were sampled at the start and end of the exposure. Another solution sampled separately from the preparation container (at the start of exposure). One test vessel in each test level (at the end of exposure).
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: The test sample (0.110 g) and dilution water (1100 mL) were mixed to prepare the nominal concentration of 100 mg/L. Then they were sealed and gently stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 48 hours at about 20°C. After stirring, they were settled for 1 hour as it was, and the middle layer was collected as the stock solution. Required volumes of the stock solution and dilution water processing similar to the control without the test item were mixed and stirred in a preparation container to prepare the test solution which was divided into each test vessel.
- Controls: Dilution water without the test item, whi~h was treated in the same manner as the test solution except for collecting the middle layer, was used for the control.
- Test concentration separation factor: a geometric series with a factor of 1.8
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): The test solutions in the exposure levels and the control were colorless and clear at the start and end of exposure.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Strain/clone: Daphnia magna Clone A
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): less than 24-hours old
- Stage and instar at study initiation: juveniles
- Source: The University of Sheffield, UK, supplied on July 9, 1990
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): The parent animals used for the test were same lot and their age was 21-day old
- Feeding during test : No
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: Young daphnids produced by parents that were cultured in this test facility were used
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): The parents to obtain young daphnids were bred in the same quality of water (dechlorinated tap water), water temperature (20±1 °C) and photoperiod (16-hour light/8-hour dark) as used in the study.
- Type and amount of food: Chlorella vulgaris of 0.1-0.2 mgC (Organic carbon content)/day per Daphnia was fed to the parents
- Feeding frequency: once a day
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): 100% survival
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 40 mg/L CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20.0 - 20.1 °C
- pH:
- 7.7 - 7.9
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.7 - 8.2 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - Nominal: control, 4.76, 8.57, 15.4, 27.8, 50% of stock solution content
- Measured (at start): < LOQ, 0.0666, 0.135, 0.290, 0.513, 0.801 mg/L
- Measured (at the end): < LOQ, 0.0631, 0.120, 0.252, 0.494, 0.804 mg/L
- Measured (time-weighted mean): 0.0648, 0.128, 0.270, 0.503, 0.802 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 50 mL stoppered glass Erlenmeyer flask (closed vessel) placed in water bath
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Volume of solution: 50 mL
- Aeration: No
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Dechlorinated tap water, aerated sufficiently and temperature-controlled, was used. It was confrrmed that the concentration of residual chlorine in dilution water was <= 0.02 mg/L at the use.
- Total organic carbon: < 0.5 mg/L
- pH: 7.8 (23.5 °C)
- Particulate matter: < 1 mg/L suspended solids
- Chlorine: < 0.02 mg/L
- Alkalinity: 42 mg/L CaCO3
- Conductivity: 17 mS/m (at 25 °C)
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: 16-hour light/8-hour dark
- Light intensity: room light
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Observations about immobility and symptoms of .the test organisms were conducted at 24 and 48 hours after exposure. Daphnids were considered immobile when they were not able to swim within 15 seconds after gentle agitation of the test vessel. Dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature were measured at the start and end of exposure. Appearance of test solution was monitored at the start and end of exposure.
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: No
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Conducted: Yes
- Test concentrations: 5, 10, 50, and 100% content of a stock solution (100 mg/L nominal, 1.6 mg/L arithmetic mean measured)
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: 0, 10, 100, 100% mortality of daphnids after 48-h exposure, respectively - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- A 48-hour acute immobilization study with the reference substance potassium dichromate with the test organisms was periodically conducted. The latest data of testing was April 5, 2021.
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.177 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities:Observed abnormal responses during exposure were immobilization (including lethargic) and reduced activity. In the control, no abnormal response (discolor of body, trapping at the surface of the water and so on) was observed during
exposure.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - ECx:
The 48-h EC50 with potassium dichromate was 0.18 mg/L
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The ECso values were calculated by Binomial test. The ECso was estimated using a computer program (running on Microsoft software "Excel") developed by the test facility. The results of this study were estimated based on the time-weighted mean of the measured concentrations of the test solution during exposure as the test concentrations.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1. Immobilisation of Daphnia magna after an 24 h and 48 h exposure to DEHF
Measured Concentration [mg/l] |
Immobile daphnids |
|||
|
absolute |
% |
||
|
24 h |
48 h |
24 h |
48 h |
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|||
0 |
0 |
|||
0 |
0 |
|||
0.068 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|||
0 |
0 |
|||
0 |
0 |
|||
0.128 |
1 |
1 |
5 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
|||
0 |
0 |
|||
0 |
0 |
|||
0.270 |
1 |
5 |
5 |
100 |
0 |
5 |
|||
0 |
5 |
|||
0 |
5 |
|||
0.503 |
5 |
5 |
95 |
100 |
5 |
5 |
|||
4 |
5 |
|||
5 |
5 |
|||
0.802 |
5 |
5 |
100 |
100 |
5 |
5 |
|||
5 |
5 |
|||
5 |
5 |
Table 2.Cumulative biological observations
Measured Concentration [mg/l] |
Observations (n=20)
|
|
24 h |
48 h |
|
Control |
- |
- |
0.0648 |
- |
- |
0.128 |
IM (1); RA (1) |
IM (1); LETH (1); RA (1) |
0.270 |
IM (1); RA (9) |
IM (20); LETH (17) |
0.503 |
IM (19); LETH (16); RA (1) |
IM (20); LETH (20) |
0.802 |
IM (20); LETH (20) |
IM (20); LETH (20) |
-: Normal response
IM: Immobilization
RA: Reduced activity
LETH: Lethargic, the severe symptom including mortality in immobilization
Table 3: Validity criteria for OECD 202.
Criterion from the guideline |
Outcome |
Validity criterion fulfilled |
In the control, including the control containing the solubilising agent, not more than 10% of the daphnids should have been immobilized. |
0% of daphnids were immobilized in the control |
Yes |
The dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test should be ≥ 3 mg/L in control and test vessels. |
Dissolved oxygen in all vessels was 7.7 – 7.9 mg/l |
Yes |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- See Table 3 in 'any other information on results incl. tables'
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