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EC number: 293-878-1 | CAS number: 91648-19-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 19 May 1995 to 16 June 1995
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- significant methodological deficiencies
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- sewage, predominantly domestic (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- Inoculum consisted of a mixed population of sewage sludge treatment microorganisms from the secondary treatment stage of the Severn Trent Water plc sewage treatment plant at Belper, Derbyshire, treating predominantly domestic sewage.
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- Test concentrations:
a) Inoculated culture medium,
b) 3 mg/L sodium benzoate with inoculum
c) 10 mg/L test material with inoculum
d) Toxicity control 10 mg/L test material plus 1.5 mg/L sodium benzoate with inoculum
Test media a-d were inoculated with activated sludge effluent at the rate of 1 drop of inoculum per litre.
Data Evaluation:
The dissolved oxygen depletion for each replicate flask for the test and standard materials was calculated as follows:
Oxygen depletion = (Mt0 – Mtx) – (Mb0 – Mb0) mg O2/L
Where
Mt0 = value in the test flask at time 0
Mtx = value in the test flask at time x
Mb0 = mean inoculated control flasks value at time 0
Mb0 = mean inoculated control flasks value at time x
The oxygen depletion for the blank was calculated as follows:
Inoculated control oxygen depletion = Mb0 – Mbx
The percentage degradation for each replicate flask for the test and standard materials was calculated as follows:
% degradation = (oxygen depletion / (concentration of test material x COD)) x 100
Mean % degradation = (% degradation of replicate 1 + % degradation of replicate 2) / 2
Nitrate and nitrite analysis was performed on the test solutions at each sampling occasion in order to correct the oxygen depletion values for any oxygen consumption due ti nitrification that may have occurred. Oxygen consumed by nitrification was calculated from the changes in nitrite and nitrate concentration as follows:
O2 consumption due to nitrification = ± 3.43 x change in nitrite concentration + 4.57 x increase in nitrate concentration
Thus
O2 consumption due to carbon oxidation = total consumption – consumption due to nitrification
The oxygen consumption due to carbon oxidation was then compared to the COD to calculate % degradation. - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Preliminary study:
- N/A
- Test performance:
- The toxicity control, containing both Betadet SHR and sodium benzoate, attained 87% degradation after 28 days, confirming that Betadet SHR was not toxic to the sewage treatment microorganisms used in the study.
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 94
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- Dissolved oxygen measurements for the test and standard material solutions, together with the controls on 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 21 and 28 days are given in Table 1. Oxygen depletion values due to nitrification are given in Table 2. Oxygen depletion values and percentage degradation values (% of COD) are given in Table 3. Percentage degradation values are presented graphically in Figure 1.
Betadet SHR attained 94% degradation after 28 days and therefore can be considered readily biodegradable according to OECD Guideline 301D. No oxygen depletion due to nitrification was observed during the course of the study. Degradation of Betadet SHR was 25% on day 6 and 77% on day 12 of the study, thereby satisfying the 10-day window validation criterion given in the OECD Guidelines. - Results with reference substance:
- Sodium benzoate attained 93% degradation after 28 days, thereby confirming the suitability of the test method and culture conditions.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Betadet SHR achieved 94% degradation after 28 days, satisfying the 10-day window, and is therefore considered readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
An OECD 301D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test) study was conducted using the test substance Betadet SHR. Results demonstrate that the test substance can be considered to be readily biodegradable, given that the substance attained 94% degradation after 28 days whilst meeting the 10-day window (showing 25% degradation on day 6 and 77% degradation on day 12 of the study).
The reference substance, sodium benzoate, attained 93% degradation after 28 days, thereby confirming the suitability of the test method and culture conditions. Furthermore, the toxicity control, attained 87% degradation after 28 days, confirming that Betadet SHR was not toxic to the sewage treatment microorganisms used in the study. As such, the study is considered to be valid.
Reference
Table 1: Dissolved oxygen measurements from a Closed Bottle biodegradation test with Betadet SHR
Test series |
Dissolved Oxygen (mg O2/L) |
||||||||
Day |
|||||||||
0 |
3 |
6 |
9 |
12 |
15 |
21 |
28 |
||
(a) Culture medium with inoculum |
R1 |
8.90 |
8.70 |
8.50 |
8.30 |
8.10 |
7.90 |
7.90 |
7.90 |
R2 |
8.90 |
8.80 |
8.50 |
8.35 |
8.00 |
7.95 |
7.90 |
7.95 |
|
(b) Standard material, sodium benzoate (3 mg/L) with inoculum |
R1 |
8.90 |
5.50 |
4.60 |
4.10 |
3.85 |
3.20 |
3.20 |
3.25 |
R2 |
8.90 |
5.40 |
4.50 |
4.05 |
3.90 |
3.40 |
3.30 |
3.25 |
|
(c) Test material, Betadet SHR (10 mg/L) with inoculum |
R1 |
8.90 |
8.75 |
7.50 |
6.20 |
4.50 |
3.70 |
3.70 |
3.70 |
R2 |
8.90 |
8.70 |
7.30 |
6.30 |
4.70 |
3.90 |
3.85 |
3.70 |
|
(d) Test material, Betadet SHR (10 mg/L) plus sodium benzoate (1.5 mg/L) with inoculum |
R1 |
8.90 |
7.40 |
6.30 |
4.90 |
3.70 |
2.05 |
2.00 |
1.80 |
R2 |
8.90 |
7.10 |
6.15 |
5.10 |
3.60 |
2.00 |
2.00 |
1.85 |
R1 and R2 = Replicates 1 and 2
Table 2: Oxygen depletion due to nitrification from a Closed Bottle biodegradation test with Betadet SHR
Test series |
Dissolved Oxygen (mg O2/L) |
||||||||
Day |
|||||||||
0 |
3 |
6 |
9 |
12 |
15 |
21 |
28 |
||
(a) Culture medium with inoculum |
R1 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
R2 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|
(b) Test material, Betadet SHR (10 mg/L) with inoculum |
R1 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
R2 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|
(c) Test material, Betadet SHR (10 mg/L) plus sodium benzoate (1.5 mg/L) with inoculum |
R1 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
R2 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
R1 and R2 = Replicates 1 and 2
Table 3: Oxygen Depletion and Mean percentage biodegradation values from a Closed Bottle Biodegradation Test with Betadet SHR
Test series |
Dissolved Oxygen (mg O2/L) |
||||||||
Day |
|||||||||
3 |
6 |
9 |
12 |
15 |
21 |
28 |
|||
(a) Culture medium with inoculum |
Mean O2depletion (mg O2/L)* |
|
0.150 |
0.400 |
0.575 |
0.850 |
0.975 |
1.000 |
0.975 |
|
|||||||||
(b) Standard material, sodium benzoate (3 mg/L) with inoculum |
O2depletion (mg O2/L) |
R1 |
3.250 |
3.900 |
4.225 |
4.200 |
4.725 |
4.700 |
4.675 |
R2 |
3.250 |
4.000 |
4.275 |
4.150 |
4.525 |
4.600 |
4.675 |
||
% degradation (mean) |
|
66 |
79 |
85 |
84 |
92 |
93 |
93 |
|
(c) Test material, Betadet SHR (10 mg/L) with inoculum |
O2depletion (mg O2/L) |
R1 |
0.000 |
1.000 |
2.125 |
3.550 |
4.225 |
4.200 |
4.225 |
R2 |
0.050 |
1.200 |
2.025 |
3.350 |
4.025 |
4.050 |
4.225 |
||
% degradation (mean) |
|
1 |
25 |
46 |
77 |
92 |
92 |
94 |
|
(d) Test material, Betadet SHR (10 mg/L) plus sodium benzoate (1.5 mg/L) with inoculum |
O2depletion (mg O2/L) |
R1 |
1.350 |
2.200 |
2.425 |
4.350 |
5.875 |
5.900 |
6.125 |
R2 |
1.650 |
2.350 |
3.225 |
4.450 |
5.925 |
5.900 |
6.075 |
||
% degradation (mean) |
|
22 |
33 |
48 |
63 |
85 |
84 |
87 |
R1 and R2 = Replicates 1 and 2
* Corrected for oxygen depletion due to nitrification
Description of key information
An OECD 301D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test) study was conducted using the test substance Betadet SHR. Results demonstrate that the test substance can be considered to be readily biodegradable, given that the substance attained 94% degradation after 28 days whilst meeting the 10-day window (showing 25% degradation on day 6 and 77% degradation on day 12 of the study).
The reference substance, sodium benzoate, attained 93% degradation after 28 days, thereby confirming the suitability of the test method and culture conditions. Furthermore, the toxicity control, attained 87% degradation after 28 days, confirming that Betadet SHR was not toxic to the sewage treatment microorganisms used in the study. As such, the study is considered to be valid.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
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