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EC number: 214-874-8 | CAS number: 1204-28-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1991-06-17 to 1991-12-18
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Trimellitic anhydride
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- Water hardness (Elendt M7 medium): 231.0 to 249.0 mg CaCO3/L.
- Test temperature:
- Temperature: 21.1 +/- 1 degrees C.
- pH:
- pH: 6.9 to 7.8.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Dissolved oxygen concentration: 81.0 to 100.0% ASV.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations:
130, 220, 350, 600 and 1000 mg TMA/L
Exposure concentrations were verified analytically at the start and end of the test in three of the treatments. The analytically determined initial concentrations of the test material were between 20% and 84% of nominal; differences between nominal and measured concentrations were proportionately higher at the lower concentrations. Residual concentrations at test-end were between 21% and 82% of nominal in all three treatments that were analysed, and 82% of nominal in both replicates at the maximum concentration which defined the endpoint of the study. - Details on test conditions:
- 4 replicate test vessels per treatment concentrations, each containing 5 daphnids
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC0
- Effect conc.:
- > 792 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- other: trimellitic anhydride equivalents based on measured trimellitic acid concentrations
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 48h-EC0 of trimellitic anhydride (converted to the sodium salt(s) of trimellitic acid prior to exposure) to Daphnia magna under static conditions was >792 mg/L, based on the mean measured concentration at the maximum treatment applied.
- Executive summary:
One reliable study addresses the short-term toxicity of trimellitic anhydride (source substance) to freshwater invertebrates. In this study (Knacker et al., 1992) trimellitic anhydride was first treated with aqueous NaOH solution, to convert the acid anhydride to the sodium salt(s) of trimellitic acid, and exposure in this study was consequently to sodium trimellitate (following neutralisation of excess alkali).
No toxicity was observed under these conditions: D. magna 48 hour LC50 (static): >792 mg trimellitic anhydride-equiv/L, 96 hour NOEC: 792 mg trimellitic anhydride-equiv/L. These endpoints are mean measured values and represent the highest concentration applied.
Trimellitic anhydride and the more environmentally relevant trimellitic acid (its hydrolysis product) exhibit very low short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- The read across justification is described in the document attached below.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- 4-chloroformylphthalic anhydride
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC0
- Effect conc.:
- > 792 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- other: trimellitic anhydride equivalents based on measured trimellitic acid concentrations
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- According to the results of the short-term toxicity test performed on aquatic invertebrates using the source substance, the 48h-EC0 of trimellitic anhydride (converted to the sodium salt(s) of trimellitic acid prior to exposure) (static conditions) was >792 mg/L, based on the mean measured concentration at the maximum treatment applied.
- Executive summary:
One reliable study addresses the short-term toxicity of trimellitic anhydride (TMA, source substance) to freshwater invertebrates. In this study (Knacker et al., 1992) trimellitic anhydride was first treated with aqueous NaOH solution, to convert the acid anhydride to the sodium salt(s) of trimellitic acid, and exposure in this study was consequently to sodium trimellitate (following neutralisation of excess alkali).
No toxicity was observed under these conditions: D. magna 48 hour EC0 (static): >792 mg trimellitic anhydride-equiv/L, 96 hour NOEC: 792 mgtrimellitic anhydride-equiv/L; These endpoints are mean measured values and represent the highest concentration applied.
Trimellitic anhydride and the more environmentally relevant trimellitic acid (its hydrolysis product) exhibit very low short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates.
Based on the close structural similarity of trimellitic anhydride (source substance) and trimellitic anhydride monochloride (target substance), these results can be taken into account for the target substance.
Referenceopen allclose all
The findings of the study are shown in the tables below.
Table 1 Definitive test results: Effects of trimellitic anhydride (trimellitic acid/sodium salts) on Daphnia magna in a 48 -hour, acute toxicity test under static conditions (percentage immobilised, replicates combined)
Time (h) |
Nominal trimellitic anhydride concentration (mg/L) |
||||||
0 (salinity control)* |
0 (control) |
130 |
220 |
350 |
600 |
1000 |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
24 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
48 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
* The salinity control consisted of dilution water amended with NaOH solution only.
Immobilisation (10% after 48 h) occurred only in the nominal 130 mg TMA/L treatment and was not observed in groups of daphnids exposed to higher TMA concentrations. The effect seen at 130 mg/L (nominal) is therefore considered not to be related to treatment.
Table 2 Measured concentrations of trimellitic anhydride during a 48 hour, static acute toxicity test with Daphnia magna.
Exposure Period (h) |
Nominal trimellitic anhydride conc. (mg TMA-equiv/L) |
Measured trimellitic anhydride conc. (mg TMA-equiv/L) |
Percentage of nominal % # |
0 |
130 |
25.2 40.0 |
20 31 |
0 |
350 |
231 148 |
67 43 |
0 |
1000 |
821 745 |
84 76 |
48 |
130 |
32.3 27.1 |
25 21 |
48 |
350 |
170 188 |
50 55 |
48 |
1000 |
803 799 |
82 82 |
* Analysed as trimellitic acid.
# Adjusted for 98% test substance purity.
The EC0 endpoint is given as >792 mg/L, the mean measured value at the highest concentration, based on the 0 and 48-h data, i.e. (821 + 745 + 803 + 799)/4 = 792 mg/L.
Description of key information
Read-across, OECD Guideline 202, GLP, key study, validity 1:
Acute toxicity to daphnia: EC0 (48H) > 792 mg/L; NOEC ≥ 792 mg/L based on measured trimellitic acid concentrations.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
One reliable study addresses the short-term toxicity of trimellitic anhydride (TMA) to freshwater invertebrates. In this study (Knacker et al., 1992) trimellitic anhydride was first treated with aqueous NaOH solution, to convert the acid anhydride to the sodium salt(s) of trimellitic acid and exposure in this study was consequently to sodium trimellitate (following neutralisation of excess alkali).
Based on hydrolysis rate of Trimellitic anhydride acid chloride (TMAC) and its close structural similarity, rapid hydrolysis is anticipated for trimellitic anhydride (TMA), which is also expected to undergo almost instantaneous conversion to trimellitic acid (TMLA) on contact with aqueous matrices in the environment and in vivo in exposed humans and other organisms.
Results of daphnia test on TMA are expressed on measured concentration of trimellitic acid and trimellitic sodium salts due to its hydrolysis behavior.
No toxicity was observed under these conditions: D. magna 48 hour EC0 (static): >792 mg trimellitic acid and trimellitic sodium salts equiv/L, 96 hour NOEC: 792 mg trimellitic acid and trimellitic sodium salts -equiv/L. These endpoints are mean measured values and represent the highest concentration applied.
Trimellitic anhydride and the more environmentally relevant trimellitic acid (its hydrolysis product) exhibit very low short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates.
No classification is required for short-term toxicity to invertebrates.
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