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EC number: 910-663-6 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Health surveillance data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- health surveillance data
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- Not Reported
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Meets generally accepted scientific standards with acceptable restrictions
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Prevalence of small opacities in chest radiographs of nickel sinter plant workers
- Author:
- Muir DCF, Julian J, Jadon N, Roos J, Chan J, Maehle W, Morgan WKC
- Year:
- 1 993
- Bibliographic source:
- British J of Industrial Medicine; 50: 428-431
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- medical monitoring
- Endpoint addressed:
- repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The prevalence of small irregular opacities were evaluated in radiographs from 745 nickel sinter plant workers (as classified by five different readers); objective was to investigate whether the inhalation of nickel subsulphide and nickel oxide is associated with fibrosis in the lung
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Trinickel disulphide
- EC Number:
- 234-829-6
- EC Name:
- Trinickel disulphide
- Cas Number:
- 12035-72-2
- Molecular formula:
- Ni3S2
- IUPAC Name:
- trinickel disulfide
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): nickel subsulphide and nickel oxide
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- STUDY POPULATION
-workers employed by the International Nickel Company in the sinter plant at Copper Cliff, Sudbury (plant was operational between 1948-1963) that had a chest radiograph for any reason
RADIOGRAPHS
-full sized radiographs of the chest were collected on an annual basis beginning in 1973 as part of a voluntary medical surveillance program
-radiographs from current workers were easily obtained; considerable efforts were made to get radiographs from past workers
-radiographs from civil servants with a similar age range to that of the study population, a well as radiographs from subjects known to have asbestosis, silicosis, or other respiratory diseases were masked and randomized with the study films.
ANALYSIS
-the two most recent films from each worker were classified by five readers using the International Labour Office 1980 protocol.
-evaluations were conducted based on age at time of radiograph as well as duration of exposure (less than or greater than 5 years).
Results and discussion
- Results:
- -There was no appreciable disease in the study population.
-The number of cases showing round opacities >1/0 was too small for detailed analysis and attention was focused on irregular opacities.
-The percentage of films classified as >0/1, >1/0, and >1/1 (irregular opacities only) for sinter workers with more than 5 years of exposure (percentages for readers 1-5, respectively):
>0/1: 17.4, 7.4, 19.5, 14.8, 12.1
>1/0: 8.7, 2.7, 15.4, 9.4, 7.4
>1/1: 5.4, 1.3, 6.7, 4.0, 6.0
Note: prevalence of small opacities recorded for each reader are provided in the tables below.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Classiciation of films (round opacities only) for sinter plant workers by duration of exposure (five readers)
Reader | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||||
Exposure | <5 | >5 | <5 | >5 | <5 | >5 | <5 | >5 | <5 | >5 |
ILO Profusion Score | ||||||||||
0.0 | - |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
0.1 | 1 | - | 3 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 7 | 7 |
1.0 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | - |
1.1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - |
1.2 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
2.1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
2.2 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
Classiciation of films (irregular opacities only) for sinter plant workers by duration of exposure (five readers)
Reader | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||||
Exposure | <5 | >5 | <5 | >5 | <5 | >5 | <5 | >5 | <5 | >5 |
ILO Profusion Score | ||||||||||
0.0 | - |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
0.1 | 23 | 13 | 22 | 27 | 21 | 6 | 35 | 8 | 12 | 7 |
1.0 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 24 | 13 | 6 | 8 | 2 | 2 |
1.1 | 4 | 4 | - | 1 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 6 |
1.2 | - | 2 | - | - | - | 3 | - | 1 | - | 2 |
2.1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | -1 |
2.2 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 2 | - | - | 2 | - |
2.3 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
3.2 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
3.3 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The authors concluded that the prevalence of small opacities round and irregular combined in the sinter plant workers was low. Because there was a long latent period and a significant number of workers exposed to remarkably high concentrations of dust containing nickel this provided strong evidence that the inhaled dust was not the type causing pneumoconiosis and has low fibrogenic potential.
- Executive summary:
- Muir et al. (1993) conducted an evaluation of the association between inhalation of nickel subsulfide and nickel oxide and fibrosis in the lung in workers employed by the International Nickel Company in the sinter plant at Copper Cliff, Sudbury. The prevalence of small irregular opacities was evaluated in radiographs collected as part of a voluntary medical surveillance program. The two most recent films from 745 nickel sinter plant workers were evaluated by five separate readers using the International Labour Office 1980 protocol. Results indicated no appreciable disease in the study population based on both round and irregular opacities. The authors concluded that the prevalence of small opacities (round and irregular combined) in the sinter plant workers was low. Because there was a long latent period and a significant number of workers exposed to remarkably high concentrations of dust containing nickel, the authors concluded that this provided strong evidence that the inhaled dust was not the type causing pneumoconiosis and that the dust had low fibrogenic potential. STUDY RATED BY AN INDEPENDENT REVIEWER
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