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EC number: 201-964-7 | CAS number: 90-05-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
Toxicity to fish:
No reliable study is available on gaiacol for fish: two data are from secondary literature (primary data not available) and gave on Perca sp. LC50 48H = 70 - 80 mg/l (Little, 1970) and LC50 96H = 44 mg/l (unknown species, Gilron et al., 1999). These data can however be used in a weight of evidence approach. All these data indicate that gaiacol can be considered as harmful for fish.
Toxicity to invertebrates:
Two studies were quoted in reliability 2 according to Klimisch scale. One reported an EC50 24H on Daphnia magna = 63 mg/l (Palla & Dion, 1983) and the other one an EC50 48H = 25.9 mg/l on the same species (Kopperman et al., 1974).
Regarding these 2 studies, gaiacol is considered as harmful for Daphnia.
Toxicity to algae:
One key study has been selected regarding toxicity to algae (Harlan, 2009): conducted in GLP, following OECD 201).
The growth rate NOEC and EC50values based on cell density were 10 and >100 mg/L,respectively. The % growth inhibition in the treated algal culture as compared to the control ranged from -9.4 to 5.4% at 72H.
No abnormalities were noted.
The other data available were all quoted as invalid because of strong deviation to OECD guidelines (durations too short or too long, temperature too high, not agreed species or endpoint tested...), but all led to EC50 > 100 mg/l.
Based on these studies, gaiacol is not harmful for algae.
Toxicity to micro-organisms:
No key study has been selected regarding the endpoint of toxicity to microorganisms. However, a weight of evidence approach can be applied to assess the toxicity to STP microorganisms. Considering first the studies conducted on a mixed inoculum, the following results have been found :
- on Shk1 (genetically modified Pseudomonas extracted from activated sludge of an industrial WWTP) EC50 (bioluminescence inhibition) - 5 min=583 mg/l (Ren & Frymier, 2002)
- on anaerobic activated sludge (methanogenic activity inhibition): EC50 - 48H = 1166 mg/l (Sierra-Alvarez & Lettinga, 1989) and EC20 -48H = 806.9 mg/l (Shcherbakova et al., 1999).
Guaiacol has also been tested on individual bacterial species, likeTetrahymena thermophila (endpoint: motility): LOEC-20 min = 380 mg/l (Gilron et al., 1999).
Three other studies have been considered of low relevance regarding the assessment of STP microorganisms, they nevertheless led to similar results:
On Saccharomyces cerevisiae (growth rate): EC50 -210 min = 227 mg/l (Koch, 1992).
On Vibrio fischerii (bioluminescence inhibition) EC50-30 min = 92.03 mg/l (Nalecz-Jawecki et al., 2000)
On Escherischia coli (cell growth): EC50 -24H = 600 mg/l (Zaldivar et al., 2000)
All these results led to the conclusion that guaiacol is not harmful for microorganisms and that conclusion can be extrapolated to the STP microorganisms as well.
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