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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 233-135-0 | CAS number: 10043-01-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Dermal absorption
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- dermal absorption in vivo
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Reliable with restrictions
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 001
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.7600 (Dermal Penetration)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Dialuminium chloride pentahydroxide
- EC Number:
- 234-933-1
- EC Name:
- Dialuminium chloride pentahydroxide
- Cas Number:
- 12042-91-0
- IUPAC Name:
- dialuminium chloride pentahydroxide
- Reference substance name:
- Aluminium chlorohydrate
- IUPAC Name:
- Aluminium chlorohydrate
- Test material form:
- solid: compact
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material-other-Aluminium chlorohydrate (ACH)
-Name of test material : Aluminium chlorohydrate
-EC name: dialuminium chloride pentahydroxide
- CAS mumber: 12042-91-0
- EC number: 234-933-1
- Molecular formula : Al2Cl(OH)5
- Molecular weight : 174.452776 g/mol
- Smiles notation – Al]([Al](O)(O)Cl)(O)(O)O
- InChI notation- 1/2Al.ClH.5H2O/h;;1H;5*1H2/q2*+3;;;;;;/p-6/rAl2ClH5O5/c3-1(4,5)2(6,7)8/h4-8H
- Structural formula attached as image file : see Fig.1
- Substance type:inorganic
- Physical state: solid
- Density: 1,35g/cm3
- Melting point: >100 °C
- Boiling point: 110-115 °C
- Solubility in water: 500 g/l at 20 o C
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
- Remarks:
- radioisotope 26Al.
Test animals
- Species:
- other: human
- Strain:
- other: one man and one woman
- Sex:
- male/female
Administration / exposure
- Type of coverage:
- open
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Duration of exposure:
- 43 days
- Doses:
- 84 mg
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- Aluminium chlorohydrate (ACH), the active ingredient in many antiperspirants, was labeled with the radioisotope 26Al. The labeled ACH was then fractionated into about 100 samples using gel filtration chromatography. Each fraction was analyzed for 26Al and total aluminium content. Aluminium-26 was only detected in the fractions that also contained aluminium, which verified that the ACH was uniformly labeled. 84 mg of the labeled ACH was then applied to a single underarm of two adult subjects with blood and urine samples being collected over 7 weeks. Tape-stripping and mild washings of the skin were also collected for the first 6 days.
Results indicate that only 0.012% of the applied aluminium was absorbed through the skin.
Results and discussion
- Signs and symptoms of toxicity:
- no effects
- Dermal irritation:
- no effects
- Absorption in different matrices:
- 26Al-chlorohydrate (aluminum complex in antiperspirant) was applied to a single underarm of one man and one woman. The cumulative urinary excretion after 43 days following the application accounted for 0.0082% (male) and for 0.016% (female) of the applied dose.
After correcting this fraction for the aluminum not excreted in urine (15% of the absorbed dose), this application was estimated to result in a dermal bioavailability of about 0.012%. - Total recovery:
- Guillard et al. (2004) reported on one clinical case in which a woman who used an antiperspirant cream with aluminum chlorohydrate over four years showed elevated levels of aluminum in plasma and urine (10.47 μg/dL in plasma12).
When the woman discontinued use, concentrations in her urine and plasma dropped to reported normal values after the third and eighth months, respectively.
References: Olivier Guillard PhD, Bernard Fauconneau PhD, Didier Olichon PhD, Geneviève Dedieu and Roger Deloncle PhD,
Hyperaluminemia in a woman using an aluminum-containing antiperspirant for 4 years ,The American Journal of Medicine,Volume 117, Issue 12, 15 December 2004, Pages 956-959 ,
Percutaneous absorptionopen allclose all
- Dose:
- 84 mg
- Parameter:
- percentage
- Absorption:
- 0 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: 43 days
- Remarks:
- 0.0082% (male)
- Dose:
- 84 mg
- Parameter:
- percentage
- Absorption:
- 0 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: 43 days
- Remarks:
- 0.016% (female)
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- One-time use of Aluminium chlorohydrate (ACH) applied to the skin is not a significant contribution to the body burden of aluminium.
Results indicate that only 0.012% of the applied aluminium was absorbed through the skin. At this rate, about 4 microg of aluminium is absorbed from a single use of ACH on both underarms. This is about 2.5% of the aluminium typically absorbed by the gut from food over the same time period. - Executive summary:
Aluminium chlorohydrate (ACH), the active ingredient in many antiperspirants, was labeled with the radioisotope 26Al. The labeled ACH was then fractionated into about 100 samples using gel filtration chromatography. Each fraction was analyzed for 26Al and total aluminium content.
Aluminium-26 was only detected in the fractions that also contained aluminium, which verified that the ACH was uniformly labeled. 84 mg of the labeled ACH was then applied to a single underarm of two adult subjects with blood and urine samples being collected over 7 weeks. Tape-stripping and mild washings of the skin were also collected for the first 6 days.
Results indicate that only 0.012% of the applied aluminium was absorbed through the skin. At this rate, about 4 microg of aluminium is absorbed from a single use of ACH on both underarms. This is about 2.5% of the aluminium typically absorbed by the gut from food over the same time period. Therefore, a one-time use of ACH applied to the skin is not a significant contribution to the body burden of aluminium.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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