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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 201-200-2 | CAS number: 79-37-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented publication which meets basic scientific principles
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 995
- Report date:
- 1995
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Oxalyl dichloride
- EC Number:
- 201-200-2
- EC Name:
- Oxalyl dichloride
- Cas Number:
- 79-37-8
- Molecular formula:
- C2Cl2O2
- IUPAC Name:
- ethanedioyl dichloride
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Laboratories, Inc. in Portage, Mich.; USA
- Weight at study initiation: males: 223-275 g; females: 159-199 g
- Acclimation period: at least seven days
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- air
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: 160-L stainless steel and glass exposure chamber
- Exposure chamber volume: 160 L
- System of generating aerosols: The exposure concentrations were generated via a Harvard syringe drive model 22 and a Meinhard all-glass nebulizer TR-30-Al. Compressed air drove the nebulizer at 20 psig, which resulted in an airflow of 0.85 L/min.
- Method of particle size determination: Anderson Cascade Impactor
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: The concentration of the test substance was determined electrochemically using an Orion model 94-17 chloride electrode. It was drawn through fritted bubblers containing 100 mL of distilled water. Following reaction with water to yield hydrogen chloride, the chloride ion concentration was analyzed with the ion-specific electrode, and oxalyl chloride concentration was calculated mathematically based on the molecular weight of each.
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Particle size distribution: The small amount of particles collected during the cascade impactor sampling indicated that greater than 95% of the vapor/aerosol mixture was in the vapor phase.
- MMAD (Mass median aerodynamic diameter) / GSD (Geometric st. dev.): 2.6 - 8.0 µm / 3.03 - 4.25 µm - Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of exposure:
- 1 h
- Concentrations:
- 462 ± 115 ppm, 866 ± 173 ppm, 1694 ± 135 ppm, 2233 ± 404 ppm, 1232 ± 135 ppm (conisted of six males in order to examine lungs and trachea on post exposure day 1)
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: All animals were observed for pharmacotoxic signs during exposure. They were observed 2 times daily during the 14 day post-exposure period for mortality, one of which also served for notation of pharmacotoxic signs. Body weight was recorded for all animals pre-exposure and 7 and 14 days postexposure.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
Results and discussion
Effect levelsopen allclose all
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- 1 850 ppm
- Based on:
- test mat.
- 95% CL:
- 1 531 - 2 210
- Exp. duration:
- 1 h
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- 462.5 ppm
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: calculated from 1 hour value using Haber's law
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- 2.45 mg/L air
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: calculated from ppm value
- Mortality:
- 462 ppm: all animals survived
866 ppm: 2/5 males died within 9 days after exposure
1694 ppm: 3/5 males and 2/5 females died within 11 days after exposure
2233 ppm: all males and 2/5 females died within 7 days after exposure
1232 ppm: 2/6 males died within one day after exposure (only males were tested at this dose group) - Clinical signs:
- other: The significant pharmacotoxic signs noted immediately post-exposure and during the 14-day observation period were dyspnea with gasping, increased salivation, and necrotic areas on forefeet and nose. These signs were qualitatively similar in all groups, al
- Body weight:
- Body weight gain was normal for all animals in group with 462 ppm during the entire post-exposure period. Body weight gain was decreased during the first week for both males and females in groups with 866 ppm, 1694 ppm, and 2233 ppm but returned to normal for both sexes during the second week for those animals that survived.
- Gross pathology:
- Gross pathological changes included cloudiness of the eye with erosion and/or red discoloration of the cornea in all treated groups and red or dark red discoloration and red foci in the lungs in animals from groups with 2233 ppm, 1694 ppm and 1232 ppm. The increased lung-trachea weight from animals in group with 1232 ppm suggested the presence of pulmonary edema. This was confirmed on microscopic examination. Microscopically, the lungs from the treated animals exhibited acute bronchiolitis, exudate within the alveoli, and congestion. The bronchiolitis involved terminal and respiratory bronchioles. The exudate in the alveoli contained fibrin, neutrophils, macrophages, and red blood cells. This observation is indicative of an acute inflammatory reaction occurring in the alveolar walls. The affected alveoli were frequently located around the terminal bronchioles. These histopathological changes were multifocal and involved all lobes of the lungs.
Any other information on results incl. tables
LC50 of 1850 ppm corresponds to 9759.4 mg/m³ (9.8 mg/L) at 1013 hPa and 20°C and 126.93 g/mol.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- moderately toxic
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
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