The paper describes a method for measuring the primary biodegradability of water soluble dyestuffs under anaerobic conditions and gives the results obtained on 22 dyes of commercial significance.
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EC number: 701-365-5 | CAS number: -
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- Appearance / physical state / colour
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Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1983
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- ETAD Ecological Method No. 105. A screening test for assessing the primary anaerobic biodegradability of water-soluble dyestuffs
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
NA - Oxygen conditions:
- anaerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- Preparation of the Anaerobic Sludge Inoculum:
This is obtained either from the digester of a sewage treatment works operating the heated sludge digestion process and treating predominantly domestic waste, or from a laboratory operated digester fed to a specified protocol with activated sludge and yeast extract.
In either case the sludge is kept warm (35 +/- 2 °C) in a nearly full, loosely stoppered, container for a maximum of 5 days before use, and the dry sludge solids determined by drying aliquots to constant weight.
Sludge concentration: 200 mg/L - Duration of test (contact time):
- 42 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- DOC removal
- Details on study design:
- Apparatus
A set of identical glass bottles of known capacity in the range 0.5 +/- 0.2 litre is required. Each bottle should be fitted with a magnetic stirring bar, be sealed by a valve such that any gases given off may escape, and have a neck of dimensions such that a dissolved oxygen electrode can be introduced. Three such bottles are required for each dye to be tested plus a further three bottles for the dyestuff which is used as a positive control. An incubator or waterbath with capacity for the bottles and set at 35 +/- 2°C is also required.
Preparation of the test medium:
The test medium is freshly prepared as follows using inorganic chemicals of analytical quality:
Ammonium sulphate: 0.15 g
Monopotassium phosphate:0.10 g
Disodium phosphate: 0.90 g
Magnesium sulphate: 0.02 g
Calcium chloride: 0.01 g
Yeast extract: 0.003 g
Glucose: 0.005 g
Casein: 0.003 g
Distilled water: 1 litre
Immediately prior to the test the medium is warmed to 35 +/- 1 °C. - Value:
- 81
- Sampling time:
- 42 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Decolorization
- Details on results:
- The % decolourisation reported is the average of results from the seven participating laboratories. The and range is 72 % to 100 % decolorization
- Results with reference substance:
- dyestuff: 92 % decolorization (89 % - 100 %)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- 81 % decolorization of the test item
- Executive summary:
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: inherent biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1986
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 302 B (Inherent biodegradability: Zahn-Wellens/EMPA Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- see below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Deviations from OECD 302 B:
concentration of dyestuff: 100 mg/l; concentration of activated sludge: 0.5 g/l dry material; feeding of the inoculum: each week 100 mg/l yeast extract (in most cases); test duration: up to 42 days; analytical methods: extinction at absorption maximum and DOC (dissolved organic carbon); initial DOC concentration: calculated from stock solution measurement - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- These treatment plants received communal and/or industrial wastewater.
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 13 mg/L
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- DOC removal
- Parameter:
- % degradation (DOC removal)
- Value:
- 0
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- 9 % adsorption after 3 h (DOC- and photometricdetermination at 580 nm)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- not inherently biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- not biodegradable, but 60 % color elimination after 28 days
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted according to OECD guideline 302B to evaluate the biodegradation potential of the test substance. The results of the study indicate that the test substance is not biodegradable, but 60% color elimination was noted after 28 days.
DOC start [mg/L]
DOC ads [%]
DOC elim [%]
DOC cat
col ads [%]
col elim [%]
col cat
elim cal
lambda [nm]
time [d]
13
9
-53
D
9
60
B
-
580
28
Referenceopen allclose all
81 % decoloration at 580 nm; sludge concentration: 200 mg/l
Description of key information
The test substance is not readily biodegradable in a screening test on biodegradation in water.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
Additional information
In a study conducted according to OECD guideline 302B demonstrated the test substance to be not biodegradable, but 60 % color elimination was noted after 28 days. In a similar screening test at the end of 22 days 81% decolorization of the test item was observed.
In conclusion, screening tests for biodegradation of the test substance in water showed that the test substance is not readily biodegradable.
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