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EC number: 641-048-8 | CAS number: 110839-13-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- from 2007-11-09 to 2007-12-07
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- GLP and guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-E (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Closed Bottle Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- Test System
Species: Activated sludge, microorganisms from a domestic waste water treatment plant.
Origin: The activated sludge was supplied from the sewage plant for domestic sewage in Veszprém, Hungary.
Conditioning: The activated sludge used for this study was washed by centrifugation and the supernatant liquid phase was decanted. The solid material was re-suspended in isotonic saline solution and again centrifuged. This procedure was repeated twice. An aliquot of the final sludge suspension was weighed, dried and the ratio of wet sludge to its dry weight was determined. Based on this ratio, calculated aliquots of washed sludge suspension, corresponding to 4 g dry material per litre were mixed with test water and then aerated until use. Before use the sludge was filtered through cotton wool. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 15 mg/L
- Based on:
- ThOD/L
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- Test Units
Type and Size: BOD bottles of 300 mL volume with special neck and glass stoppers.
Identification: Each of the test flasks were uniquely identified with study code, test group, days of measurement and replicate number.
Test Conditions
Surrounding Type: Incubator and controlled environment room (during the formulation and oxygen measuring)
Temperature: 19.6 - 20.7 °C
Light Conditions: Darkness
pH-Value of Reconstituted Water: 7.23 (measured at the start of the test)
Oxygen conc. of Reconstituted Water: 9.0 mg O2/L (measured at the start of the test)
Reconstituted Water: In deionised water analytical grade salts were added to prepare the following stock solutions:
a) 4.25 g KH2PO4, 10.875 g K2HPO4, 33.59 g Na2HPO4 x 12H2O, 0.25 g NH4Cl filled up with deionised water to 500 mL volume
b) 11.25 g MgSO4 x 7H2O filled up with deionised water to 500 mL volume
c) 18.20 g CaCl2 x 2H2O filled up with deionised water to 500 mL volume
d) 0.25 g FeCl3 x 6H2O filled up with deionised water to 1000 mL volume
Ratio of ingredients: 1 mL of the stock solutions a) - d) were combined and filled to a final volume of 1000 mL with deionised water. The test medium was aerated for 20 minutes and allowed to stand for about 20 hours at the test temperature. The dissolved oxygen concentration was about 9.0 mg/L at about 20 °C.
Equipments:
Large glass tanks with valve,
Large glass bottles with valve,
Narrow necked, 300 mL BOD bottles with glass stoppers,
Funnels and coarse filter papers,
Moisture Content Analyzer,
Centrifuge,
Balance,
Self stirring O2 electrode,
Oxygen and pH meter,
Aeration system,
Incubator with thermometer
Study Design
Preparation of the Test Solutions
The components were applied in the following ratio in the test flasks:
The preparation of the respective test solutions with the test item was performed according to the followings:
Aqueous stock solution of the test item was prepared with a test item concentration of 15 mg/L.
During the performance of the test the test solutions will be mixed e.g. by mechanical stirring to ensure a good dispersion.
Test Item (flasks 1a and 1b):
Based on the theoretical oxygen demand (ThODNO3) of 2.70 mg O2/mg test item (calculated according to equation given in the guidelines), 692 mL of stock solution (15 mg test item /L) was thoroughly mixed into 6.92 litres of aqueous test medium (corresponding to 1.5 mg/L test item, respectively a ThODNO3 of about 4.05 mg O2/L).
Procedure Control: Sodium acetate (flasks 2a and 2b):
Based on the theoretical oxygen demand (ThODNH4) of Sodium acetate (0.78 mg O2 per mg) (details on calculation are given in the guidelines), stock solution* corresponding to 51.072 mg of Sodium acetate was mixed into 6.72 litres of aqueous test medium (corresponding to 7.6 mg/L reference item, respectively a ThODNH4 of about 5.93 mg O2/L).
* the concentration of the stock solution was 760 mg/L
Inoculum Control(flasks 3a and 3b):
Only filtered inoculum was added to 6.80 litres of aqueous test medium.
Toxicity Control (flasks 4a and 4b):
678 mL of test item stock solution (see above) and reference item stock solution* (67.8 mL) were mixed into 6.78 litres of aqueous test medium corresponding to 1.5 mg/L test item (ThODNO3 of 4.05 mg O2/L) and 7.6 mg/L reference item (ThODNH4 of 5.93 mg O2/L).
* the concentration of the stock solution was 760 mg/L
General: Microbial inoculum (2.0 ml per litre) was added to each preparation bottle.
Course of the Test
Preparation of Test Flasks:
Sufficient number of BOD flasks was cleaned with
5 - 10 mL of a wash liquid (2.5 g iodine and 12.5 g potassium iodide per litre of 1 % w/v sulphuric acid) by shaking well to coat the bottle walls. After allowing to stand for 15 minutes, the wash liquid was poured off, and the bottles were thoroughly rinsed with tap water and deionised water. Then, the previously described test solutions were filled into the bottles bubble-free until the bottles were completely filled. Then they were tightly stoppered.
The following bottles were prepared:
10 (+2 reserve) bottles containing the test item and inoculum
16 (+2 reserve) bottles containing the reference item and inoculum (procedure control) *
16 (+2 reserve) bottles containing only inoculum (inoculum control) *
10 (+2 reserve) bottles containing the test item, reference item and inoculum (toxicity control)
* Remark: Because of a parallel running study at the inoculum and procedure control 16 (+2 reserve) bottles were prepared instead of 10 (+2 reserve)..
Incubation Period: 28 days
Test Parameters
Measurement of Oxygen: The oxygen concentrations were measured with oxygen meter with a stirring O2 electrode.
Oxygen measurements were performed in duplicate on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 *.
* Remark: Because of a parallel running study at the inoculum and procedure control oxygen measurements were performed on days: 0, 2, 5, 7, 12, 14, 21 and 28; however the measured oxygen concentration values on days: 2, 5, 12 were not used in this study.
Measurement of total oxidised N:(nitrite and nitrate):
Because of nitrogen content of the test item, samples for nitrate and nitrite analysis were taken from all vessels (of test item, inoculum control and toxicity control group) and the total oxidised nitrogen (nitrate and nitrite) concentrations were determined directly after each oxygen measurement.
The sum of the nitrate and nitrite content was measured with HPLC ion exchange method. The samples were injected directly.
Measurement of Temperature:
Temperature was measured continuously and registered on weekdays. - Reference substance:
- acetic acid, sodium salt
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- -2.5
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- Biodegradation of Test Item
Correction for oxygen uptake for interference with nitrification:
Because of the N-containing test item, the total oxidised nitrogen (nitrate and nitrite) concentrations were determined after each oxygen measurement. The total oxidised nitrogen content was calculated referring to the sum of non-oxidised nitrogen (N mg/L) content of the samples. The LOQ of nitrite and nitrate measurements was 0.05 μg NO2/mL and 0.05 μg NO3/mL, respectively. The measured quantity of total oxidised nitrogen (nitrite and nitrate) was below the LOQ in the measured samples during the experiment.
Conclusion:
The total oxidised nitrogen concentration was below the LOQ in the measured samples (samples of test item, inoculum control and toxicity control group) during the experiment. Therefore, the calculated BOD values were not corrected for nitrification.
Percentage Biodegradation:
Under the test conditions the percentage biodegradation of the test item reached a mean of -2.5 % (none) after 28 days based on ThODNO3.
Conclusion:
The test item can be considered to be not ready biodegradable. According to the test guidelines the pass level for ready biodegradability is removal of 60 % ThODNO3. - Key result
- Parameter:
- BOD5
- Value:
- -0.17 - 0 other: mg O2/ mg test. mat.
- Results with reference substance:
- Biodegradation of Reference Item
Percentage Biodegradation:
The reference item Sodium acetate was sufficiently degraded to a mean of 71.6 % after 14 days, and to a mean of 78.4 % after 28 days of incubation, based on ThODNH4.
Conclusion:
The percentage biodegradation of the reference item confirms the suitability of the used activated sludge inoculum.
Biodegradation of Toxicity Control
Percentage Biodegradation:
In the toxicity control containing both, the test item and the reference item, a mean of 25.9 % biodegradation was noted within 14 days and a mean of 29.4 % biodegradation was determined after 28 days of incubation.
Conclusion:
According to the test guidelines the test item can be assumed to be not inhibitory on the activated sludge microorganisms because the degradation in the toxicity control group was higher than 25 % within 14 days. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
- Conclusions:
- The test item can be considered to be not ready biodegradable. According to the test guidelines the pass level for ready biodegradability is removal of 60 % ThODNO3.
- Executive summary:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the ready biodegradability of the test item in a Closed Bottle Test over a period of 28 days. The biodegradation was followed by the oxygen uptake of the microorganisms during exposure. As a reference item Sodium acetate was tested simultaneously under the same conditions as the test item, and functioned as a procedure control.
Under the test conditions there was no biodegradation of the test item after 28 days based on ThODNO3. Therefore, the test item can be considered to be not ready biodegradable.
The reference item Sodium acetate was sufficiently degraded to a mean of 71.6 % after 14 days, and to a mean of 78.4 % after 28 days of incubation, based on ThODNH4, thus confirming the suitability of the used activated sludge inoculum. In the toxicity control containing both, the test item and the reference item, a mean of 25.9 % biodegradation was noted within 14 days and 29.4 % biodegradation after 28 days of incubation.
Thus, the test item can be assumed to not inhibit the activated sludge microorganisms (higher than 25 % degradation occurred within 14 days).
Reference
Description of key information
The ready biodegradability of the test item was studied in a closed bottle test. The test item was exposed to activated sludge for 28 days. Under test conditions there was no biodegradation of the test item after 28 days based on the ThODNO3.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
The purpose of this study was to investigate the ready biodegradability of the test item in a Closed Bottle Test over a period of 28 days. The biodegradation was followed by the oxygen uptake of the microorganisms during exposure. As a reference item Sodium acetate was tested simultaneously under the same conditions as the test item, and functioned as a procedure control.
Under the test conditions there was no biodegradation of the test item after 28 days based on ThODNO3. Therefore, the test item can be considered to be not ready biodegradable.
The reference item Sodium acetate was sufficiently degraded to a mean of 71.6 % after 14 days, and to a mean of 78.4 % after 28 days of incubation, based on ThODNH4, thus confirming the suitability of the used activated sludge inoculum. In the toxicity control containing both, the test item and the reference item, a mean of 25.9 % biodegradation was noted within 14 days and 29.4 % biodegradation after 28 days of incubation.
Thus, the test item can be assumed to not inhibit the activated sludge microorganisms (higher than 25 % degradation occurred within 14 days).
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