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EC number: 220-278-9 | CAS number: 2698-41-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- not specified
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- Not specified
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- abstract
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: There is no evidence that a healthy individual will experience long-term health effects from open-air exposures to CS.
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- There is no evidence that a healthy individual will experience long-term health effects from open-air exposures to CS.
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2 (irritant) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- According to (Blain 2003) (abstract available only), substance CS is sometimes irritating to skin particularly in moist and warm areas
- Executive summary:
According to (Blain 2003) (abstract available only), substance CS is sometimes irritating to skin particularly in moist and warm areas
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- abstract
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- rat
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 10% W/V
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Not specified
- Observation period:
- Not specified
- Number of animals:
- Not specified
- Details on study design:
- Not specified
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Preparation containing 10% W/V of CS occasionally produced eschar without purpura. Washing exposed skins with water or soap and water, at intervals up to 30 min after exposure, provided little benefit? Dermal recovery was substantially complete at 5 weeks.
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2 (irritant) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- According to (Gaskins 1971) (abstract available only), substance CS applied to rabbit skin usually produced purpura and/or necrotic eschar, and dermal recovery was substantially complete after 5 weeks.
- Executive summary:
According to (Gaskins 1971) (abstract available only), substance CS applied to rabbit skin usually produced purpura and/or necrotic eschar, and dermal recovery was substantially complete after 5 weeks.
- Endpoint:
- skin corrosion: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2008
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 431 (In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Human Skin Model Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 13 April 2004
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- substance CS at 5 % in MBIK and hexyl acetate solvents used (no dimetyl glutarate as mentioned in test material)
- Test system:
- human skin model
- Source species:
- human
- Cell type:
- other: epidermis cells
- Cell source:
- other: Not specified
- Source strain:
- other: human
- Details on test system:
- Episkin™ Reconstituted Human Epidermis Model
- Amount/concentration applied:
- 5% in solvents MBIK or hexyl acetate
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 3, 60, 240 minutes
- Duration of post-treatment incubation (if applicable):
- Not specified
- Number of replicates:
- Not specified
- Irritation / corrosion parameter:
- % tissue viability
- Run / experiment:
- 5% test material in hexyl acetate - exposure period 240 minutes
- Value:
- ca. 97.4
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: non corrosive
- Irritation / corrosion parameter:
- % tissue viability
- Run / experiment:
- 5% test material in MBIK - exposure period 240 minutes
- Value:
- ca. 97.4
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: non corrosive
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- relative mean viability for positive control was 7.3% relative to the negative control treated tissues following 240 minutes exposure period: validity criterion satisfied
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2 (irritant) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- The results showed that the substance CS at 5% in either hexyl acetate or MIBK or dimethyl glutarate solutions is non-corrosive.
- Executive summary:
According to study using Episkin Reconstituted Human Epidermis Model. which methodology follows OECD 431 standard, the results showed that the substance CS at 5% in either hexyl acetate or MIBK or dimethyl glutarate solutions is non-corrosive. The results were published by (Croft, 2003).
Referenceopen allclose all
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Not specified
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Not specified
- Species:
- cattle
- Strain:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- other: Dimethyl glutarate, Hexyl acetate or MIBK
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent positive control
- yes, concurrent negative control
- Irritation parameter:
- in vitro irritation score
- Run / experiment:
- 5% in dimethyl glutarate
- Value:
- ca. 6.7
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not examined
- Remarks:
- "corrected values"
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- 0,9% sodium chloride score 2.1 mild irritant
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- absolute ethanol score 53 moderate irritant
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Remarks:
- mean score on 3 corneas per vehicule
- Irritation parameter:
- in vitro irritation score
- Run / experiment:
- 5% in hexyl acetate
- Value:
- ca. 2.6
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- idem
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Remarks:
- idem
- Irritation parameter:
- in vitro irritation score
- Run / experiment:
- 5% in methyl isobutyl ketone
- Value:
- ca. 11.5
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- idem
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- idem
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- Quality criteria required for acceptance of results in the test were satisfied
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2B (mildly irritating to eyes) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- 5% solutions of CS in dimethyl glutarate, hexyl acetate and MIBK were mild-irritants for the eyes (in vitro irritation score of 2.6 to 11.5, whereas positive control ethanol is 53).
- Executive summary:
According to a BCOP assay following OECD 437 methodology, the results showed that 5% solutions of CS in dimethyl glutarate, hexyl acetate and MIBK were mild-irritants for the eyes (in vitro irritation score of 2.6 to 11.5, whereas positive control ethanol is 53). This result is published in (Croft, 2003).
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Not specified
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 492 (Reconstructed Human Cornea-like Epithelium (RhCE) Test Method for Identifying Chemicals Not Requiring Classification and Labelling for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Species:
- other: human
- Strain:
- other: human corneal epithelium model
- Vehicle:
- other: Dimethyl glutarate, Hexyl acetate or MIBK
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent positive control
- yes, concurrent negative control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- Not specified
- Irritation parameter:
- histopathological observations
- Remarks:
- % relative viability
- Run / experiment:
- 5% in dimethyl glutarat
- Value:
- ca. 59.3
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- 100% viability in Solution A (composition described in study report)
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- 50.8% viability in Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Remarks:
- triplicate SkinEthic tissues
- Irritation parameter:
- histopathological observations
- Remarks:
- % relative viability
- Run / experiment:
- 5% in hexyl acetate
- Value:
- ca. 60.7
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- idem
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- idem
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- idem
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Remarks:
- but not likely to be severe ocular irritant
- Irritation parameter:
- histopathological observations
- Remarks:
- % relative viability
- Run / experiment:
- 5% in methyl isobutyl ketone
- Value:
- ca. 27.4
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- idem
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- idem
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- idem
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of irritation
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- Quality criteria required for acceptance of results in the test were satisfied
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2B (mildly irritating to eyes) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- 5% solutions of CS in dimethyl glutarate and MIBK were irritant (% relative viability comparable to the positive control) whereas solution containing 5% CS in hexyl acetate was not likely to be a severe irritant.
- Executive summary:
According to a study performed with SkinEthic Reconstituted Human Corneal Epithelium Model, following OECD 492 methodology, The results showed that 5% solutions of CS in dimethyl glutarate and MIBK were irritant (% relative viability comparable to the positive control) whereas solution containing 5% CS in hexyl acetate was not likely to be a severe irritant. This result is published in (Croft, 2003).
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- Not specified
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- abstract
- Guideline:
- other: Not specified
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not specified
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Not specified
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- Not specified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Controls:
- not specified
- Amount / concentration applied:
- Not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Not specified
- Observation period (in vivo):
- Not specified
- Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):
- Not specified
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- Not specified
- Details on study design:
- Not specified
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- CS produced no corneal injury
- Other effects:
- Not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2 (irritating to eyes) based on GHS criteria
- Executive summary:
CS produced no corneal injury
Referenceopen allclose all
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irritating)
Additional information
Justification for classification or non-classification
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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