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EC number: 294-939-5 | CAS number: 91771-47-0 Extractives and their physically modified derivatives such as tinctures, concretes, absolutes, essential oils, oleoresins, terpenes, terpene-free fractions, distillates, residues, etc., obtained from Cedrus deodara, Pinaceae.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Auto flammability
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- auto-ignition temperature (liquids)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- March - September 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method A.15 (Auto-Ignition Temperature (Liquids and Gases))
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- DIN 51794 (Testing of mineral oil hydrocarbons - Determination of ignition temperature)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Key result
- Auto-ignition temperature:
- 260 °C
- Atm. press.:
- 1 016.6 hPa
- Conclusions:
- Texas Cedarwood oil, distilled - Cedrol has an Auto flammability temperature of 260ºC at 1016.6 hPa.
- Executive summary:
The test item Texas Cedarwood oil, distilled - Cedrol has a Auto flammability temperature of 260ºC at 1016.6 hPa according to regulations EC A.15 and DIN 51794.
- Endpoint:
- auto-ignition temperature (liquids)
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: read across
- Justification for type of information:
- The read across justification is presented in the endpoint summary and the accomanying files are also attached there.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Auto-ignition temperature:
- 260 °C
- Atm. press.:
- 1 016.6 hPa
- Conclusions:
- Texas Cedarwood oil, distilled - Cedrol has an auto flammability temperature of 260ºC at 1016.6 hPa.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
The autoflammability of Cedarwood Himalayan oil was assessed by using read across from Cedarwood Texas oil distilled. First the experimental information of Cedarwood Texas oil distilled will be summarised. Thereafter the read across justification is presented. The accompanying files are attached in the present endpoint summary.
Autoflammability
The test item Texas Cedarwood oil, distilled - Cedrol has a Auto flammability temperature of 260ºC at 1016.6 hPa according to regulations EC A.15 and DIN 51794.
Read across justification
Mammalian toxicity and auto-ignition temperature of Essential oil of Cedarwood Himalayan obtained from the root of Cedrus deodara by distillation (CAS 91771-47-0; target) using read across from Cedarwood Texas oil distilled – Cedrol (CAS 91722-61-6; source)
Introduction and hypothesis for the analogue approach
Cedarwood Himalayan oil is a UVCB which consists of hydrocarbon constituents. Its major constituent is Cedrol. The full composition of Cedarwood Himalayan is presented in data matrix 1. For Cedarwood Himalayan oil no data are available for mammalian toxicity and auto flammability (see data matrix 2). Therefore additional information is used in accordance with Article 13 of REACH where it is said that lacking information should be generated whenever possible by means other than vertebrate animal tests, i.e. applying alternative methods such as in vitro tests, SARs, grouping and read-across. For assessing the mammalian toxicity and the auto flammability of Cedarwood Himalayan oil, the mammalian toxicity data and auto flammability data of Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol were used.The analogue substance-based read-across approach is selected because both the source and target cedarwood oils contain one major constituent, Cedrol. Sufficient reliable information is available for Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol which can be used for read across.
Hypothesis:
Cedarwood Himalayan oil (target) is expected to have the same auto flammability as Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol (source).
Cedarwood Himalayan oil (target) is expected to have the same mammalian toxicity as Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol (source).
Available information:
Auto flammability:
The auto flammability of Texas Cedarwood oil, distilled was tested according to EU Method A.15 and DIN 51794. The test item Texas Cedarwood oil, distilled - Cedrol has an Auto flammability temperature of 260°C at 1016.6 hPa.
Acute oral toxicity:
The acute toxic potential of Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol was assessed in an acute oral toxicity limit test performed similar to OECD TG 401. Ten rats were exposed to 5000 mg/kg bw Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol via the oral route, and observed for clinical signs and mortality over an examination period of 14 days. Daily observations were performed. At the end of the study period no mortality was observed in any of the animals. Furthermore no symptoms occurred in the test animals.Based on these results the LD50 for acute oral toxicity was set at > 5000 mg/kg bw.
Skin irritation/corrosion:
Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol was evaluated for its ability to induce skin corrosion on a human three dimensional epidermal model according to OECD TG 431. Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol was applied topically for 3 minutes and 1 hour. The test substance was equilibrated to 100°C for several minutes until completely liquefied to obtain a homogeneous liquid sample. Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol (50 µl) was applied directly on top of the skin tissue.
The positive control had a mean relative tissue viability of 10% after the 1-hour exposure. The absolute mean OD570 (optical density at 570 nm) of the negative control tissues was within the acceptance limits of OECD 431 (lower acceptance limit ≥ 0.8 and upper acceptance limit ≤ 2.8) and the laboratory historical control data range. In the range of 20 - 100% viability the Coefficient of Variation between tissue replicates was ≤ 8.0%, indicating that the test system functioned properly.
The relative mean tissue viability obtained after 3-minute and 1-hour treatments with the test substance compared to the negative control tissues was 104% and 116%, respectively. Because the mean relative tissue viability for Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol was above 50% after the 3-minute treatment and above 15% after the 1-hour treatment –the test substance is considered to be not corrosive.
In conclusion, Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol is not corrosive in the in vitro skin corrosion test under the experimental conditions described.
The skin irritation potential of Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol was tested in accordance to OECDTG439. Undiluted Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol was topically applied to EPISKIN-SMTM for 15 minutes. After a 42 hour post-incubation period, determination of the cytotoxic (irritancy) effect was performed using MTT conversion measurements.
The relative mean tissue viability obtained after 15 ± 0.5 minutes treatment with – the test substance compared to the negative control tissues was 17%. Since the mean relative tissue viability was below 50% after 15 ± 0.5 minutes treatment it is considered to be an irritant. Both the positive and the negative control were within the historical control data range and therefore considered valid. Furthermore, the standard deviation value of the percentage viability of three tissues treated identically was less than 14%, indicating that the test system functioned properly.
In conclusion, Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol was determined to be an irritant in the in vitro skin irritation test under the experimental conditions described in this report.
Eye irritation:
The eye hazard potential of Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol was evaluated according to OECD Guideline 437 (BCOP test). The eye damage was assessed through topical application of 750 µl of the undiluted substance for 10 minutes on top of the corneas. Both the negative control and the positive control (Ethanol) were considered valid. It was therefore concluded that the test conditions were adequate and that the test system functioned properly. Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol did not induce ocular irritation (no opacity and no permeability), resulting in a mean in vitro irritancy score of 0.7 after 10 minutes of treatment. In conclusion, since Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol induced an IVIS ≤ 3, and the test substance is not considered to be an eye irritant.
Skinsensitisation:
The skin sensitisation potential of Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol was tested according to OECD TG 429 (LLNA). Three experimental groups of five female CBA/J mice were treated with test item concentrations of 5, 10 or 25% w/w on three consecutive days, by open application on the ears. Test item concentrations selected for the main study were based on the results of a pre-screen test. Five vehicle control animals were similarly treated, but with the vehicle alone (AcOO). No erythema was noted for any of the animals, Scaliness was noted on the ears of four animals treated at 25% between days 3 and 6. No mortality occurred and no clinical signs of systemic toxicity were observed in the animals of the main study. All auricular lymph nodes of the animals of the experimental and control groups were considered normal in size. No macroscopic abnormalities of the surrounding area were noted for any of the animals. Body weights and body weight gain of experimental animals remained in the same range as controls over the main study period. Mean DPM/animal values for the experimental groups treated with test item concentrations 5, 10 and 25% were 561, 647 and 1524 DPM, respectively. The mean DPM/animal value for the vehicle control group was 285 DPM. The SI values calculated for the test item concentrations 5, 10 and 25% were 2.0, 2.3 and 5.4, respectively. The data showed a dose-response and an EC3 value (the estimated test item concentration that will give a SI =3) of 13.4% was calculated. Based on the results of this LLNA, Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol is considered to be a skin sensitiser.
Mutagenicity:
The mutagenic potential of Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol was evaluated according to OECD TG 471. In the dose-range finding test, the test item was tested up to concentrations of 5000 μg/plate in the absence and presence of S9-mix in the strains TA100 and WP2uvrA. The test item precipitated on the plates at the dose level of 5000 μg/plate. Cytotoxicity was observed in tester strain TA100 at dose levels of 512 μg/plate and upwards in the absence and presence of S9-mix. In tester strain WP2uvrA, no toxicity was observed at any of the dose levels tested. Based on the results of the dose-range finding test, the test item was tested in the first mutation assay at a concentration range of 5.4 to 5000 μg/plate in the absence and presence of 5% (v/v) S9-mix in the tester strains TA1535, TA1537 and TA98. The test item precipitated on the plates at the dose level of 5000 μg/plate. Cytotoxicity was observed in all three tester strains in the absence and presence of S9-mix. In a follow-up experiment of the assay with additional parameters, the test item was tested at a concentration range of 5.4 to 5000 μg/plate in the absence and presence of 10% (v/v) S9-mix in the tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98, TA100 and WP2uvrA. The test item was tested up to or beyond a precipitating dose level. Cytotoxicity was observed in all tester strains in the absence and presence of S9 -mix, except in tester strain WP2uvrA in the presence of S9-mix. Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol did not induce a significant dose-related increase in the number of revertant (His+) colonies in each of the four tester strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100) and in the number of revertant (Trp+) colonies in the tester strain WP2uvrA both in the absence and presence of S9-metabolic activation. These results were confirmed in a follow-up experiment. In this study, acceptable responses were obtained for the negative and strain-specific positive control items indicating that the test conditions were adequate and that the metabolic activation system functioned properly. In conclusion, based on the results of this study it is concluded that Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol is not mutagenic in the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay and in the Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay.
Target and Source chemical(s):The information on for Cedarwood Himalayan oil (target) and the information from Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol (source) are presented in the data matrix 2 of this document. This includes physico-chemical properties and toxicological information, relevant for auto-flammability and mammalian toxicity.
Purity / Impurities:
The impurities are not relevant forCedarwood Himalayan oil(target) andCedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol (source)as both substances are UVCBs (Natural Complex Substances).
Analogue approach justification
According to REACH Annex XI an analogue approach and structural alert information can be used to replace testing when information from different sources provides sufficient evidence to conclude that this substance has or does not have a particular dangerous property. The result derived should be applicable for C&L and/or risk assessment and be presented with adequate and reliable documentation.
Analogue selection:
Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrolwas selected as analogue source becauseit contains55% - 75% Cedrol.
Cedarwood Himalayan oil(target) contains besides Cedrol, various other constituents in low concentrations that are present in variable ranges, as shown in data matrix 1. None of the other constituents are registered under REACH and no reliable toxicity information is available.
Structural similarities and differences:
Cedarwood Himalayan oil(target) as well asCedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol (source)contain mostly Cedrol. Cedrol is a cyclic terpenoid and containsa tertiary alcohol group. The remaining constituents ofCedarwood Himalayan oil(target) andCedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol (source) differ. The remaining constituents in both source and target substance are varying in structure however all constituents are hydrocarbon compounds and some contain tertiary alcohol groups.
Absorption:
All constituents of the source and target substance are expected to be absorbed via the oral route based on their physico-chemical properties and molecular weights. The log kow values are comparable, ranges from 4.3 to 5.49 (KOWWIN 1.68) for the source, and was measured to be 5.5 for the target. Due to the LogKow values >4 Absorption though micellular solubilisation is expected to be an important mechanism of absorption.
Toxicodynamics
Both target and source contain Cedrol as main constituent, therefore the toxicodynamics for both UVCBs are expected to be comparable. No toxicokinetic information is available for the remaining, minor constituents inCedarwood Himalayan oil(target).
Conclusions on the toxicity endpoints and auto flammability:
Final hazard conclusion:
ForCedarwood Himalayan oil, a UVCB, the potential for mammalian toxicity hazards was derived fromCedarwood Texas oil distilled – Cedrol.Cedarwood Texas oil distilled – Cedrolis classified as a skin irritant (Skin Irrit. 2, H315) and a skin sensitiser (Skin Sens. 1B, H317)
The final conclusion on the classification ofCedarwood Himalayan oil is thereforeskin irritating (Skin Irrit. 2, H315) and a skin sensitiser (Skin Sens. 1B, H317).
Data matrix 1 for the comparison of the constituents inCedarwood Himalayan oil(target) andCedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol(source)
NAME |
CAS |
Target |
Target |
Source |
Source |
|
|
Min. |
Max. |
Min. |
Max. |
Cedrol |
77-53-2 |
50.00% |
70.00% |
>=55.00% |
<=75.00% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
rel-(1R,4S,4aR,8aR)-1,6-dimethyl-4-(propan-2-yl)-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-ol (Hydrolized Cadinene 1) |
65700-78-9 |
1.00% |
8.00% |
- |
- |
rel-(1R,4S,4aR,8aS)-4,7-dimethyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1,3,4,5,6,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-4a(2H)-ol (Hydrolized Cadinene 2) |
86023-67-8 |
1.00% |
5.00% |
- |
- |
rel-(1R,4R,4aR,8aS)-4,7-dimethyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1,3,4,5,6,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-4a(2H)-ol (Hydrolized Cadinene 3) |
159990-04-2 |
0.50% |
4.00% |
- |
- |
2,5-dimethyl-8-(propan-2-yl)-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8aoctahydronaphthalen-2-ol (Hydrolized Cadinene 4) |
57440-66-1 |
0.00% |
3.00% |
- |
- |
rel-(3R,3aR,5S,6R,7aR)-3,6,7,7-tetramethyloctahydro-3a,6-ethanoinden-5-ol |
159517-24-5 |
1.00% |
8.00% |
- |
- |
(4beta)-cedr-8(15)-en-4-ol |
114674-10-1 |
1.00% |
7.00% |
- |
- |
rel-(1R,2R,4aS,8aR)-4a-methyl-8-methylidene-2-(propan-2-yl)decahydronaphthalen-1-ol |
38108-86-0 |
1.00% |
5.00% |
- |
- |
rel-(4aR,9S,9aS)-3,5,5,9-tetramethyl-2,4a,5,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydro-1H-benzo[7]annulen-9-ol |
126999-77-7 |
1.00% |
7.00% |
- |
- |
rel-2-[(1R,4R,5R)-4,8-dimethylspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-1-yl]propan-2-ol |
955007-43-9 |
1.00% |
10.00% |
- |
- |
beta-eudesmol |
3287-59-0 |
0.50% |
4.00% |
- |
- |
(7S,9aS)-4,4,7,9a-tetramethyl-1,2,3,6,8,9-hexahydrobenzo[7]annulen-7-ol (Widdrol) |
6892-80-4 |
- |
- |
>=2.00% |
<8.00% |
(1R, 5S, 7R)-2,6,6,8-tetramethyltricycle[5.3.1.0 1,5]undec-8-ene (Diepi-alpha-cedrene (Alpha-funebrene)) |
50894-66-1 |
- |
- |
>= 0.01% |
<=2.00% |
(6R)-1,5,5,9-tetramethylspiro[5.5]undeca-1,8-diene (Chamigrene alpha) |
11912-83-5 |
- |
- |
>=0.01% |
<=2.00% |
(4aS,9aR)-3,5,5,9-tetramethyl-2,4a,5,6,7,9a-hexahydro-1H-benzo[7]annulene (Himachalene Gamma) |
53111-25-4 |
- |
- |
>=0.01% |
<=2.00% |
3,5,5,9-tetramethyl-1,2,4a,6,7,8-hexahydrobenzo[7]annulene (Beta-himachalene) |
1461-03-6 |
- |
- |
>=0.01% |
<=2.00% |
3,5,5-trimethyl-9-methylidene-2,4a,5,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydro-1H-benzo[7]annulene (Himachalene alpha) |
3853-83-6 |
- |
- |
>=0.01% |
<=2.00% |
[1aS-(1aα,4aβ,8aR*)]-1,1a,4,4a,5,6,7,8-octahydro-2,4a,8,8-tetramethylcyclopropa[d]naphthalene (Thujopsene) |
470-40-6 |
- |
- |
>=1.00% |
<=5.00% |
(R)-(+)-p-(1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentyl)toluene (Cuparene) |
16982-00-6 |
- |
- |
>=0.01% |
<=4.00% |
(1S,2R,5S,7R)-2,6,6-trimethyl-8-methylidenetricyclo[5.3.1.0(1,5)]undecane (Beta-cedrene) |
546-28-1 |
- |
- |
>=1.00% |
<=5.00% |
[3R-(3a,3ab,7b,8aa)]-2,3,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,6,8,8-tetramethyl-1H-3a,7-methanoazulene (Cedrene alpha) |
469-61-4 |
- |
- |
>=1.00% |
<=5.00% |
(2,6-dimethyl-6-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene)( |
17699-05-7 |
- |
- |
>=0.01% |
<=1.00% |
Minor and unknown constituents |
- |
4.00% |
15.00% |
>=8.00% |
<18.00% |
Data matrix 2. Cedarwood Himalayan oil (target) and Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol (source) information to support the read across.
CHEMICAL NAME |
Cedarwood Himalayan oil |
Cedarwood Texas oil distilled - Cedrol |
Molecular structure |
N/A |
N/A |
Target |
Source |
|
CAS |
91771-47-0 |
91722-61-6 |
REACH registration |
To be registered (Annex VII) |
Yes |
Einecs |
294-939-5 |
294-461-7 |
Molecular formula |
N/A |
N/A |
Molecular weight |
N/A |
N/A |
Physico-chemical properties |
|
|
Appearances |
Brown, viscous liquid (IFF, 2017) |
Light yellow solid mass |
Melting point (˚C) |
75.4(IFF, 2017) |
- 42.5 (glass transition temperature) |
Boiling point (˚C) |
305.8 (IFF, 2017) |
292.4 |
Vapour pressure (Pa) |
2.81 (IFF, 2017) |
0.67 (QSAR) |
Water solubility (mg/L) |
12.3 (IFF, 2017) |
>= 0.03 -< = 29.25 (QSAR) |
Log Kow |
5.5 (IFF, 2017) |
>= 4.33 -<=6.94(QSAR) |
Autoflammability (˚C) |
Read across |
260 |
Human health |
|
|
Acute toxicity (oral) |
Read across |
LD50 >5000 mg/kg bw (similar to OECD TG 401)(RIFM, 1974) |
Skin irritation/corrosion |
Read across |
Skin irritating (OECD TG 439) Not skin corrosive (OECD TG 431) (NCS Sesquiterpenes HC/Alc consortium, 2017) |
Eye irritation/corrosion |
Read across |
Not eye irritating (OECD TG 438) (NCS Sesquiterpenes HC/Alc consortium, 2017) |
Skin sensitisation |
Read across |
Skin Sensitising (OECD TG 429) (NCS Sesquiterpenes HC/Alc consortium, 2017) |
Genetic toxicity (Ames) |
Read across |
Negative (OECD TG 471)(NCS Sesquiterpenes HC/Alc consortium, 2017) |
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Autoflammability / Self-ignition temperature at 101 325 Pa:
- 260 °C
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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