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EC number: 203-293-5 | CAS number: 105-38-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vivo
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vivo mammalian somatic cell study: cytogenicity / erythrocyte micronucleus
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1986
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 987
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 474 (Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test)
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Vinyl acetate
- EC Number:
- 203-545-4
- EC Name:
- Vinyl acetate
- Cas Number:
- 108-05-4
- Molecular formula:
- C4H6O2
- IUPAC Name:
- vinyl acetate
- Reference substance name:
- Hydroquinone
- EC Number:
- 204-617-8
- EC Name:
- Hydroquinone
- Cas Number:
- 123-31-9
- Molecular formula:
- C6H6O2
- IUPAC Name:
- hydroquinone
Constituent 1
additive 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- purchased from Fluka A.G., Buchs, Switzerland
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- other: C57Bl/6
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki.
- Age at study initiation: 12-17 week
- Assigned to test groups randomly: not specified
- Fasting period before study: not specified
- Housing: standard animal housing of the Institute of Occupational Health
- Diet: commercial feed (Tamro, Helsinki), ad libitum
- Water: tap water, ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 2 weeks
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- intraperitoneal
- Vehicle:
- none- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: olive oil
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: not specified
- Concentration of test material in vehicle: 25 to 200 mg/ml.
- Dose volume: 0.01ml/g bw - Details on exposure:
- Intraperitoneal inyection of 0.01 ml/g of:
250, 500, 1000 or 2000 mg/kg b.wt. of vinyl acetate in olive oil
olive oil (control animals)
20 mg/kg b.wt. of cyclophosphamide (positive controls). - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 30 hours
- Frequency of treatment:
- single exposure
- Post exposure period:
- none
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Dose / conc.:
- 250 mg/kg bw (total dose)
- Dose / conc.:
- 500 mg/kg bw (total dose)
- Dose / conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw (total dose)
- Dose / conc.:
- 2 000 mg/kg bw (total dose)
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Control: 9
Positive control: 10
250 and 500 mg/kg bw: 10
1000 and 200 mg/kg bw: 14 - Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Positive control(s):
- 9-14 animals cyclophosphamide
- Route of administration: intraperitoneal
- Doses / concentrations: 20 mg/kg b.wt.
Examinations
- Tissues and cell types examined:
- Bone marrow
- Details of tissue and slide preparation:
- Slides for each animal fixed and stained with May-Griinwald and Giemsa solutions
Samples were analyzed by one microscopist from coded slides.
Polychromatic and normochromatic cells were simultaneously recorded until the score for one cell type reached 1000. - Statistics:
- The micronucleus data were tested statistically by a Chi square test
Ratios of polychromatic to normochromatic erythrocytes were statistically tested according to a 1-tailed t-test.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Key result
- Sex:
- male
- Genotoxicity:
- ambiguous
- Remarks:
- seen at toxic doses only
- Toxicity:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 1000 and 2000 mg/kg bw
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- Mortality: 6 animals died on the 1000 mg/kg bw dose group and 8 animals died on the 2000 mg/kg bw
A dose-dependent increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was observed in the bone marrow and was statistically significant at 1000 and 2000 mg/kg.
There was no effect on the number of micronuclei in normochromatic erythrocytes.
The ratio of polychromatic to normochromatic cells decreased as a function of vinyl acetate dose, confirming citotoxicity
Any other information on results incl. tables
Treatment | Nr. of Animals | Polychromatic cells with micronuclei (%) + SD |
Normochromatic cells with micronuclei (%) + SD |
Ratio of polychromatic to normochromatic cells + SD |
Control, Olive oil | 9 | 0.60 ± 0.10 | 0.31 ± 0.05 | 1.32 ± 0.12 |
Positive control, cyclophosphamide 20 |
10 |
2.07 a ± 0.20 |
0.29 ± 0.06 |
1.11 + 0.15 |
Vinyl acetate 250 mg/kg wb |
10 |
0.55 + 0.08 |
0.25 ± 0.04 |
1.22 + 0.13 |
Vinyl acetate 500 mg/kg wb |
10 |
0.72 ± 0.10 |
0.23 + 0.04 |
0.94 b + 0.12 |
Vinyl acetate 1000 mg/kg wb |
8 (6 died) |
1.33 a ± 0.29 |
0.20 ± 0.04 |
0.67 c ± 0.11 |
Vinyl acetate 2000 mg/kg wb |
6 (8 died) |
1.57 a ± 0.19 |
0.18 ± 0.05 |
0.53 d ± 0.08 |
a P < 0.001, compared with the frequency in control animals, X z test.
b P < 0.05, c P < 0.01, and d P< 0.001, compared with the ratio in control animals, t-test (one-tailed).
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Vinyl acetate induced a dose-dependant increase in polychromatic erythrocytes in the bone marrow of male mice after 30 h of intraperitoneal injection, but only at toxic doses.
- Executive summary:
A dose-dependent increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was observed in the bone marrow of male C57B1/6 mice 30 h after a single intraperitoneal injection of vinyl acetate (250, 500, 1000 or 2000 mg/kg b.wt.; (9-14 animals per group). The effect was statistically significant at 1000 mg/kg and at 2000 mg/kg of vinyl acetate. These doses were fatal to 6 and 8 out of 14 animals of the 1000 and 200 mg/kg vinyl acetate groups respectively.
The ratio of polychromatic to normochromatic cells decreased as a function of vinyl acetate dose. Cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg), used as a positive control chemical, induced a clear increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes. None of the treatments affected the number of micronuclei in normochromatic erythrocytes.
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