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EC number: 441-000-4 | CAS number: 121219-07-6 1-ETHOXY-2,3-DIFLUORBENZOL; 1-ETHOXY-2,3-DIFLUOROBENZENE; 2,3-DIFLUOROPHENETOL; DIPHOL
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2000-03-23 till 2000-03-30
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted June 07, 1984
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- December 29, 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- For the analytical measurement a sample from the freshly prepared test medium was taken at the start of the study. For the determination of the maintenance of the test material concentration during the exposure period a sample was taken from the medium at the end of the exposure period. Analyses were performed with test material concentrations of 2, 10 and 47 mg/L.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The test media (reconstituted water and test material) were freshly prepared. A stock preparation with a test material concentration of 0.1 g/L was prepared. Therefore, the calibrated flask with the test material and the vehicle, reconstituted water, was treated with an Ultra Thurrax and then in an ultrasonic device for 60 minutes. The stock preparation was diluted with reconstituted water to the different test medium concentrations.
- Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green algae
- Strain: No. SAG 86.81
- Source: Sammlung von Algenkulturen, Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut der Universitat Göttingen
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: no - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- 252 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 23 to 24°C
- pH:
- 7.59 - 7.76
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 2, 4, 10, 21 and 47 mg/L
Measured concentrations: Please see Table 1 below. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type: closed (ground stopper)
- Material, fill volume: glass, 100 mL
- Aeration: no
- Initial cells density: 10,000 algae cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 606,844 algae cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Preparation of dilution water: According to OECD 201
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: continuously illuminated
- Light intensity and quality: 7300 to 9000 Lux (fluorescent tubes: Osram dulux 24W/21 - 840)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
Algae cell densities were determined by particle counting with an electronic particle counter (Schaerfe System, CASY 1)
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study: yes
- Test concentrations: 1, 10, 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 6.24 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.04 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 5.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.04 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control: yes
- Observation of abnormalities: no
- Unusual cell shape: no
- Colour differences: no
- Flocculation: no
- Adherence to test vessels: no
- Aggregation of algal cells: no
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: no
- Any observations that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
Validation criteria:
In the controls, cell density increased by an average factor of > 16 within 3 days. Further, all test conditions remained within the ranges prescribed by the protocol.
In the two highest test material concentrations, the analytically determined test material concentration at the start and the end of the experimental part was about 52 % of the nominal value. The analytical test material concentration at nominally 2 mg/L was below the limit of quantification. At the end of the study, the analytical concentrations were the same at the beginning of the experimental part. Thus the test material concentration could maintained as at > 80 % of the initial concentration throughout the experimental part. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The NOEC was determined as the highest dose without inhibitory effect. The EC50 calculation was carried out with the PC-program 511.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- An aqueous solution of the test item in an static system revealed an aquatic toxicity towards algae: Growth rate after 72h: EC50: 6.24 mg/L, NOEC: 1.04 mg/L. Biomass after 72h: EC50: 5.1 mg/L, NOEC: 1.04 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The influence of the test material on the growth and growth rate of the green algae species Desmodesmus subspicatus was tested according to OECD 201 and EU Method C.3. Due to the high volatilization and recovery of the test material it was necessary to include some changes of the regular guidelines in this study. Therefore 100 mL Erlenmeyer flasks were filled with 100 mL test medium and sealed to form a closed test system to avoid loss of test material during the exposure period due to volatilization. The algae were exposed to different concentrations of test material preparations and the growth was calculated after 72 hours exposure in the test medium. Based on the results of a pretest, the main study with the test item was performed with nominal concentrations of 2, 4, 10, 21, and 47 mg test material/L reconstituted water. The study design included three replicates per test material concentration, each containing about 100 mL test medium and 10,000 cells/mL at the start of the experimental phase and a control without algae. The control analysis showed a recovery of about 52 % for the two highest nominal test concentrations of 10 and 47 mg/L at the start and the end of the study. At the nominal concentration of 2 mg/L, the analytically determined test material concentration was below the limit of quantification. Therefore, the test results are related to the nominal concentration of the test material. At the end of the study, the analytical concentrations were the same as at the beginning of the experimental part. Thus the test material concentration could be maintained at > 80 % of the initial concentration throughout the experimental part. The median effective concentration EC50 which would result in a 50 % growth inhibition compared to the control was calculated for the measured concentration of the test item to be 6.24 mg/L, the NOEC is 1.04 mg/L. For biomass, the EC50 was calculated to be 5.1 mg/L, the NOEC 1.04 mg/L.
Reference
Table 1: Measured concentrations
Nominal concentration [mg/L] | Analytical concentration [mg/L] | ||||
After 0h | After 72h | ||||
2 | < 2 | < 2 |
| ||
10 | 5 | 53.2% | 5 | 53.2 % | |
47 | 25 | 50.0 % | 25 | 50.0 % |
Table 2: Cell density and growth inhibition based on nominal concentrations
Nominal concentration [mg/L] | Cell density per mL | mean value | Growth inhibition (0-72 hours) | |
0 hour | 72 hours | 72 hours | ||
Control | 10,000 | 587,265 | 606,844 | |
10,000 | 609,882 | |||
10,000 | 623,385 | |||
2 | 10,000 | 503,685 | 508,732 | 16.8 |
10,000 | 509,040 | |||
10,000 | 513,471 | |||
4 | 10,000 | 526,743 | 534,534 | 12.4 |
10,000 | 550,956 | |||
10,000 | 525,903 | |||
10 | 10,000 | 519,750 | 501,816 | 17.9 |
10,000 | 496,755 | |||
10,000 | 488,943 | |||
21 | 10,000 | 156,328 | 156,053 | 75.6 |
10,000 | 146,544 | |||
10,000 | 165,288 | |||
47 | 10,000 | 15,584 | 13,792 | 99.4 |
10,000 | 13.288 | |||
10,000 | 12,504 |
Description of key information
An aqueous solution of the test item in an static system revealed an aquatic toxicity towards algae: Growth rate after 72h: EC50: 6.24 mg/L, NOEC: 1.04 mg/L. Biomass after 72h: EC50: 5.1 mg/L, NOEC: 1.04 mg/L (reference 6.1.5 -1).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 6.24 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 1.04 mg/L
Additional information
The influence of the test material on the growth and growth rate of the green algae species Desmodesmus subspicatus was tested according to OECD 201 and EU Method C.3. Due to the high volatilization and recovery of the test material it was necessary to include some changes of the regular guidelines in this study. Therefore 100 mL Erlenmeyer flasks were filled with 100 mL test medium and sealed to form a closed test system to avoid loss of test material during the exposure period due to volatilization. The algae were exposed to different concentrations of test material preparations and the growth was calculated after 72 hours exposure in the test medium. Based on the results of a pretest, the main study with the test item was performed with nominal concentrations of 2, 4, 10, 21, and 47 mg test material/L reconstituted water. The study design included three replicates per test material concentration, each containing about 100 mL test medium and 10,000 cells/mL at the start of the experimental phase and a control without algae. The control analysis showed a recovery of about 52 % for the two highest nominal test concentrations of 10 and 47 mg/L at the start and the end of the study. At the nominal concentration of 2 mg/L, the analytically determined test material concentration was below the limit of quantification. Therefore, the test results are related to the nominal concentration of the test material. At the end of the study, the analytical concentrations were the same as at the beginning of the experimental part. Thus the test material concentration could be maintained at > 80 % of the initial concentration throughout the experimental part. The median effective concentration EC50 which would result in a 50 % growth inhibition compared to the control was calculated for the measured concentration of the test item to be 6.24 mg/L, the NOEC is 1.04 mg/L. For biomass, the EC50 was calculated to be 5.1 mg/L, the NOEC 1.04 mg/L (reference 6.1.5-1).
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